scholarly journals Food Preference Predicts Speed of Approach on a Runway Task by Dogs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Elizabeth Cameron ◽  
Jane De Garnham ◽  
Kristeen Jensen ◽  
Lewis A Bizo
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Reinforcer Effectiveness ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Staple Diet

The effective and quick assessment of food preference is important when attempting to identify foods that might function as effective reinforcers in dogs. In the current experiment a food preference assessment was conducted where more highly preferred foods were expected to be associated with faster approaches in a subsequent runway task. Eight dogs were tested in a paired preference assessment offering combinations of two of six types of raw food, including the dog’s staple diet, to identify a rank order of preference for the foods. A different raw food was offered as the staple in two preference tests. The results showed that the staple foods were not preferred as highly as the other foods and that each dog displayed unique and stable preferences for the different foods. In the runway task the dogs were required to walk five metres to obtain a small amount of their most preferred, least preferred or staple foods and latency of approach to the foods was recorded. The approach latencies were faster for their most preferred food compared to their least preferred and the staple foods. The use of a runway to assess reinforcer effectiveness combined an effortful behaviour to obtain food while also requiring the dogs to make a choice, thus precluding the need for more complicated and time-consuming methods of preference assessment. The application of this method for fast and effective identification of preferred reinforcers is currently being investigating further to inform pet owners of simple methods to increase their training successes. Owners of raw food fed dogs are advised to conduct a preference assessment to identify their dogs most preferred food for use as a reinforcer during training.

The utility of a paired-choice preference assessment in predicting reinforcer effectiveness for an infant.

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karena S. Rush ◽  
Patricia F. Kurtz ◽  
Tara L. Lieblein ◽  
Michelle D. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Choice Preference ◽  
Reinforcer Effectiveness

Black-tailed deer feeding bouts: dynamic events

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Gillingham ◽  
Fred L. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
First Time

Foraging bouts of captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Richardson) were investigated to examine how searching for food affects diet selection. We determined food preference for three types of food under ad libitum conditions and then studied the foraging of two deer in a 0.5-ha, vegetation-free pen in which we controlled food availability and distribution of the same three types of food. Our hypotheses included the following: (i) clumping of preferred food into patches would enable animals to better exploit food distributions; (ii) the switch from preferred to lower-ranked food would be gradual as preferred food was less frequently encountered; and (iii) deer would respond to a lower abundance of preferred foods by eating more of lower-ranked food items at each feeding location. Searching for food alone did not alter diet selection from ad libitum conditions. Deer nearly exhausted their highly preferred food item before switching to lower-ranked ones. Amount of preferred food already eaten during a trial was positively correlated with the time that animals continued searching before switching to lower-ranked food items. Switching was related to amount and type of food encountered and not to amount of food in the pen. Clumping of the preferred food had no significant effect on the amount of food eaten, but did significantly influence types of food encountered by one deer. When preferred food was abundant, it was not always completely eaten the first time a feeding platform was visited. Increases in the intake rates of nonpreferred food items resulted from deer visiting more feeding stations containing nonpreferred food items and not from deer eating more food at each feeding station.

Influence of diet on development and oviposition of Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Berleur ◽  
Jean Gingras ◽  
Jean-Claude Tourneur
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
European Earwig ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Daylight Period ◽  
Better Than

In North America, the life cycle of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) can be divided into a nesting phase (hypogean phase) and a free-foraging phase (epigean phase) (Crumb et al. 1941; Behura 1956; Lamb and Wellington 1975). Adults spend the nesting phase in the soil; females burrow into the ground at the onset of the cold weather, lay eggs, and then care for the eggs. Hatching occurs in spring; first- or second-instar nymphs move to the soil surface for the free-foraging period. The earwig, a nocturnal insect, spends the entire daylight period of hiding under trash or in dark crevices. Where two broods occur, females reenter the ground a second time (Lamb and Wellington 1975). Stomach content analyses (Crumb et al. 1941; Sunderland and Vickerman 1980) and food preference tests (McLeod and Chant 1952; Buxton and Madge 1976) revealed that the European earwig is omnivorous. Under laboratory conditions, nymphs fed freshly frozen aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), survive better than those fed green algae or carrots, develop faster, and produce heavier females (Phillips 1981; Carrillo 1985).

Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 105345122110510
Author(s):  
Jodee Prudente ◽  
MaryAnn Demchak
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
Practical Guidelines

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) generally have behavior support plans that are based on a functional behavioral assessment. This article provides educators practical guidelines for conducting a multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment to rank order preferred activities that will align with the function of behavior for use in behavioral interventions. The use of highly preferred reinforcers to reduce student problem behaviors can enhance educational outcomes for the student.

scholarly journals Effect of breed on food preference tests for dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Carolina Pedro Zanatta ◽  
Diego Surek ◽  
Larissa Wünsche Risolia ◽  
Ananda Portella Félix ◽  
Alex Maiorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Preference Tests

This study aimed to determine the differences among four dog breeds as to food selectivity, choice agreement, and the number scores that best evaluate the degree of food choice agreement. For that, 115 food preference tests were analyzed. In each of those tests, 20 dogs were used (eight Beagles, four Labradors, four Siberian Huskies, and four Basset Hounds), in two evaluation days. The medians of intake difference between two diets were calculated for days one, two, and for both days to determine if there were selectivity difference among breeds. A randomized block experimental design was applied, and medians were submitted to the test of Friedmann. Food choice agreement and the degree of agreement among breeds were evaluated by the kappa index, using two different scales. Basset Hounds were the most selective when two different foods were offered, whereas Labradors were the least selective. When performing food preference tests, Siberian Huskies and Basset Hounds are recommended; however, they must be used individually to prevent that the results of one breed could neutralize those of the other breed. The use of a scale of food preference with three scores is recommended in order to obtain results that are more reliable.

scholarly journals Food preference of captive mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) in University of Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
F. Olaleru ◽  
O. J. Babayemi
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Fallback Foods ◽  
Musa Sapientum ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Mona Monkey ◽  
Food Trough

In the wild, nonhuman primates' preferences for some food may not be quite clear due to the seasonality and utilization of fallback foods during periods of scarcity. Understanding the most preferred foods could aid schedules of serving them to captive primates. Against this background, the study was carried out to determine the food preference of captive mona monkeys offered foods consumed by their counterparts in the degraded and fragmented urban forest, biodiversity rich rainforest, and in a zoo. The feeding trials were conducted in the service area of the University of Lagos. Four adult monkeys (two males and two females) were offered weighed amounts of 13 different foods served in batches of five, using the cafeteria method. Each food type was offered separately in a food trough at 10:00 hrs each day. Left over was withdrawn and measured after 24 hours. Position of the food trough was changed every day. Water was provided ad libitum in a water trough. The difference between offered and left-over weights was regarded as intake. Food preference was determined from the coefficient of preference (COP), and a unitary value was considered preferred. In decreasing order of preference, the preferred foods that had COP ≥ 1 were Musa sapientum, Zea mays, and Solanum melongena. The mona monkey and other sympatric species held in captivity could be provided with these foods in addition to other foods that could meet their nutritional needs. Nutritional assays of these foods could provide clues to their being preferred above others.     Dans la nature, les préférences des primates non humains pour certains aliments peuvent ne pas être tout à fait claires en raison de la saisonnalité et de l'utilisation des aliments de remplacement pendant les périodes de pénurie. Comprendre les aliments les plus préférés pourrait faciliter les horaires de les servir aux primates captifs. Dans ce contexte, l'étude a été menée pour estimer la préférence alimentaire des singes mona en captivité qui offraient des aliments consommés par leurs homologues dans la forêt urbaine dégradée et fragmentée, la forêt tropicale riche en biodiversité et dans un zoo. Les essais d'alimentation ont été menés dans l’aire de service de l'Université de Lagos. Quatre singes adultes (deux mâles et deux femelles) se sont vus offrir des quantités pesées de 13 aliments différents servis par lots de cinq, en utilisant la méthode de la cafétéria. Chaque type de nourriture était offert 184 séparément dans une auge à 10 h chaque jour. Le surplus a été prélevé et mesuré après 24 heures. La position de l'auge a été changée chaque jour. L'eau était fournie à volonté dans un bac à eau. La différence entre le poids offert et le poids restant a été considérée comme un apport. La préférence alimentaire a été déterminée à partir du coefficient de préférence (COP), et une valeur unitaire a été considérée comme préférée. Par ordre décroissant de préférence, les aliments préférés qui avaient un COP ≥ 1 étaient Musa sapientum, Zeamays et Solanummelongena. Le singe mona et d'autres espèces sympatriques gardées en captivité pourraient recevoir ces aliments en plus d'autres aliments qui pourraient répondre à leurs besoins nutritionnels. Les dosages nutritionnels de ces aliments pourraient fournir des indices sur leur préférence aux autres.  

Factors affecting the results of food preference tests in cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Kássia Amariz Pires ◽  
Tânia Zóia Miltenburg ◽  
Pamela Dieckow Miranda ◽  
Cristiane Caroline Abade ◽  
Vanderly Janeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preference Tests

scholarly journals Population fluctuation and food preference of African snail by horticulture crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindinalva dos Santos ◽  
Carla Ruth de Carvalho Barbosa-Negrisoli ◽  
Maciel Bispo dos Santos ◽  
Aldomário Santo Negrisoli Junior
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Preference Tests

ABSTRACT: The African snail Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), originally from Africa, was introduced in Brazil and since then became an important pest, because of its resistance to abiotic conditions, hermaphroditism, polyphagia and absence of natural enemies. Considered as one of the 100 worst pests in the world, with the record of establishment in almost all Brazilian states, it causes sanitary, ecological and economic losses. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the population dynamics and food preference of the giant snail in three areas of lettuce, located in Alagoas, Brazil. There was no statistical difference between food preference tests with and without choice among the varieties offered. To the fluctuation of the population of A. fulica, the Pearson correlation coefficients were negative only for temperature, and there was no correlation with precipitation and relative humidity.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Local Ordinance on the Availability of Cultural Foods in Convenience Stores and Non-traditional Food Stores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hearst ◽  
Jade Yang ◽  
Samantha Friedrichsen ◽  
Kathleen Lenk ◽  
Caitlin Caspi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Preferred Foods

Abstract Background: Limited access to culturally preferred foods serves as a barrier to healthy diet consumption among vulnerable populations, including low-income neighborhoods and communities of color. Large supermarkets are often unavailable, leaving greater access to convenience and non-traditional stores in these areas. In 2015, the Minneapolis Staple Foods Ordinance was enforced and required food stores to meet a minimum stocking for a variety of healthy foods/beverages. The purpose of this study is to assess the ordinance impact on the availability of culturally preferred foods in corner and non-traditional food stores located in immigrant populations of color and African American neighborhoods. Methods: The present analysis was conducted using data from the STORE (Staple foods Ordinance Evaluation) study. Culturally preferred foods were identified from a list of food items in the parent study and used to assess changes in availability in stores between neighboring cities, Minneapolis (ordinance) and Saint Paul (control), Minnesota, U.S.A.. A subset of 60 stores from Minneapolis (n = 31) and Saint Paul (n = 29) were used for the final analysis. The analysis included stores located in one of the four identified communities of color, where 20% of the census tract population classified as either Black/African American, Latinx, Asian, or East African. Changes in cultural food availability were analyzed at pre-ordinance and 12 months post-enforcement time points using SAS, including descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed models. Results: In Minneapolis, 80.7% of stores had at least one culturally relevant food available pre-ordinance, compared to 90.3% post-ordinance, a difference that was not statistically different. Stores did not have a great variety of culturally relevant foods pre- or post-ordinance, and overall findings show no significant changes over time and/ or between Minneapolis and St. Paul. There was a 23% increase in availability of cultural food items from pre to post ordinance for corporate-owned stores, though this change was not statistically significant, and no change for independently owned stores. Conclusions: The presence of cultural foods did not significantly increase with local ordinance implementation. Further interventions may be needed to address cultural food availability and variety in small, independent stores near lower-income areas and communities of color. Trial registration: NCT02774330

Food preferences of sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (113) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Hutson ◽  
SCvan Mourik
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Fixed Ratio Schedule ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Preference Tests

Sixty-two foods were offered to four sheep as a supplement to a maintenance diet of chaffed hay. The most attractive foods were grains and seeds, followed by processed cereals, fruit and vegetables, and sweets. Twelve of the most attractive foods were then offered in pairs to 12 sheep in a series of preference tests. All possible combinations of pairs were tested. The most highly preferred foods were barley, peas, wheat and a commercial horse ration. An operant conditioning technique was used to determine whether sheep would work to obtain a food reward. Six sheep were trained to press a panel to receive a food reward. The highest ratio of presses to rewards reached on a progressive fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement was used as a measure of reward strength. The highest rates of response were obtained with barley and wheat. Both barley and wheat appear to be highly preferred foods of sheep and would be suitable reinforcements to use in the development of a reward-based handling system for sheep.

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