scholarly journals Food preference of captive mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) in University of Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
F. Olaleru ◽  
O. J. Babayemi
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Fallback Foods ◽  
Musa Sapientum ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Mona Monkey ◽  
Food Trough

In the wild, nonhuman primates' preferences for some food may not be quite clear due to the seasonality and utilization of fallback foods during periods of scarcity. Understanding the most preferred foods could aid schedules of serving them to captive primates. Against this background, the study was carried out to determine the food preference of captive mona monkeys offered foods consumed by their counterparts in the degraded and fragmented urban forest, biodiversity rich rainforest, and in a zoo. The feeding trials were conducted in the service area of the University of Lagos. Four adult monkeys (two males and two females) were offered weighed amounts of 13 different foods served in batches of five, using the cafeteria method. Each food type was offered separately in a food trough at 10:00 hrs each day. Left over was withdrawn and measured after 24 hours. Position of the food trough was changed every day. Water was provided ad libitum in a water trough. The difference between offered and left-over weights was regarded as intake. Food preference was determined from the coefficient of preference (COP), and a unitary value was considered preferred. In decreasing order of preference, the preferred foods that had COP ≥ 1 were Musa sapientum, Zea mays, and Solanum melongena. The mona monkey and other sympatric species held in captivity could be provided with these foods in addition to other foods that could meet their nutritional needs. Nutritional assays of these foods could provide clues to their being preferred above others.     Dans la nature, les préférences des primates non humains pour certains aliments peuvent ne pas être tout à fait claires en raison de la saisonnalité et de l'utilisation des aliments de remplacement pendant les périodes de pénurie. Comprendre les aliments les plus préférés pourrait faciliter les horaires de les servir aux primates captifs. Dans ce contexte, l'étude a été menée pour estimer la préférence alimentaire des singes mona en captivité qui offraient des aliments consommés par leurs homologues dans la forêt urbaine dégradée et fragmentée, la forêt tropicale riche en biodiversité et dans un zoo. Les essais d'alimentation ont été menés dans l’aire de service de l'Université de Lagos. Quatre singes adultes (deux mâles et deux femelles) se sont vus offrir des quantités pesées de 13 aliments différents servis par lots de cinq, en utilisant la méthode de la cafétéria. Chaque type de nourriture était offert 184 séparément dans une auge à 10 h chaque jour. Le surplus a été prélevé et mesuré après 24 heures. La position de l'auge a été changée chaque jour. L'eau était fournie à volonté dans un bac à eau. La différence entre le poids offert et le poids restant a été considérée comme un apport. La préférence alimentaire a été déterminée à partir du coefficient de préférence (COP), et une valeur unitaire a été considérée comme préférée. Par ordre décroissant de préférence, les aliments préférés qui avaient un COP ≥ 1 étaient Musa sapientum, Zeamays et Solanummelongena. Le singe mona et d'autres espèces sympatriques gardées en captivité pourraient recevoir ces aliments en plus d'autres aliments qui pourraient répondre à leurs besoins nutritionnels. Les dosages nutritionnels de ces aliments pourraient fournir des indices sur leur préférence aux autres.  

Black-tailed deer feeding bouts: dynamic events

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Gillingham ◽  
Fred L. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
First Time

Foraging bouts of captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Richardson) were investigated to examine how searching for food affects diet selection. We determined food preference for three types of food under ad libitum conditions and then studied the foraging of two deer in a 0.5-ha, vegetation-free pen in which we controlled food availability and distribution of the same three types of food. Our hypotheses included the following: (i) clumping of preferred food into patches would enable animals to better exploit food distributions; (ii) the switch from preferred to lower-ranked food would be gradual as preferred food was less frequently encountered; and (iii) deer would respond to a lower abundance of preferred foods by eating more of lower-ranked food items at each feeding location. Searching for food alone did not alter diet selection from ad libitum conditions. Deer nearly exhausted their highly preferred food item before switching to lower-ranked ones. Amount of preferred food already eaten during a trial was positively correlated with the time that animals continued searching before switching to lower-ranked food items. Switching was related to amount and type of food encountered and not to amount of food in the pen. Clumping of the preferred food had no significant effect on the amount of food eaten, but did significantly influence types of food encountered by one deer. When preferred food was abundant, it was not always completely eaten the first time a feeding platform was visited. Increases in the intake rates of nonpreferred food items resulted from deer visiting more feeding stations containing nonpreferred food items and not from deer eating more food at each feeding station.

scholarly journals Food Preference of Oryzaephilus Surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) to Different Types of Plant Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Huda Nurul ◽  
M. Amni Noor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Cereal Grain

AbstractOryzaephilus surinamensis is one of the stored product insect that commonly found in Malaysia. The biological study through host range or food preferences of O. surinamensis is important for the development of sustainable management practice to control its infestation. The objective of this study was to identify the food preference of O. surinamensis to different plant products in relation to food type and moisture content. Twenty adult of O. surinamensis were exposed to three different group of food; dried fruits (date, raisin, apricot, fig), grain/cereals (rice, barley, oat grout, dried maize), and nuts (almond, ground nut, walnut, cashew nut) for 240h in laboratory Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan. Moisture content in each food was also measured. It was found out that the most preferred food by O. surinamensis is oat groat of cereal grain group with medium level of moisture content. Further analysis on food moisture suggested that under current experimental conditions (temperature of 27℃ and 64% relative humidity within 240h of exposure), food moisture content does not affect pest infestation and distribution.

Fit or not? Bringing regulatory fit into the frame on health food preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1388-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Shuan Kuo ◽  
Shih-Chieh Chuang ◽  
Molly Chien-jung Huang ◽  
Pei-ying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to facilitate the use of public communication in the development of healthy food plans for consumers. This research aims to investigate whether the influence of “fit” to individuals’ goal pursuit strategies on the effectiveness of advertisement frames can intensify persuasion to consume healthy (virtue) foods or restrain the consumption of unhealthy (vice) foods in health promotion.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments were conducted to investigate how goal-framed messages for different food types affect consumer decision making by moderating regulatory focus.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the compatibility between the mere exposure to virtue (vice) food in a negative (positive) frame drives the effectiveness of a given goal framing. However, when additional regulatory focus is added, the fit in the vice/promotion and virtue/prevention condition causes the effect of framing to disappear. Moreover, the unfit in the virtue/promotion and vice/prevention condition suppresses the virtue (vice) preference in the positive (negative) frame.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings suggest that under different valence framing, advertising messages provide different amounts of persuasion in virtue/vice conditions and the moderation effect of regulatory fit on framing to influence virtue/vice food preference.Practical implicationsPublic policy executives and marketers can increase the likelihood that consumers will make healthy food choices by fitting goals to strengthen persuasion. The unfitted goal orientation between food and regulatory focus enhances the framing effect leading to food preference changes.Originality/valueThe framing effect disappears when additional regulatory fit the food type, but is enhanced when additional regulatory focus does not fit the food type. By bringing fit into the frame and the virtue/vice food type, this research extends the notion of regulatory fit into three pairs of given goal orientations on the persuasiveness of message framing to health-related communication. It provides a substantial explanation underlying persuasion to promote a greater understanding of virtue/vice food preferences.

Oral Processing Behavior of Diana Monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-557
Author(s):  
Erin E. Kane ◽  
Jordan N. Traff ◽  
David J. Daegling ◽  
W. Scott McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Fallback Foods ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Fruit Availability ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Dietary Breadth ◽  
Cercopithecus Diana ◽  
Fruit Preference ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Resource Switching

Primates are hypothesized to “fall back” on challenging-to-process foods when preferred foods are less available. Such dietary shifts may be accompanied by changes in oral processing behavior argued to be selectively important. Here, we examine the oral processing behavior of Diana monkeys (<i>Cercopithecus diana</i>) in the Taï Forest across their dietary breadth, testing relationships among food intake, fruit availability, preference, and oral processing behaviors including those involved in food ingestion and breakdown. We conducted 1,066 focal follows from April 2016 to September 2017 documenting frequencies of incisor, canine, and cheek tooth mastications (i.e., chews) per ingestive action (<i>n</i> = 11,906 feeding events). We used phenological survey and scan sample data collected between 2004 and 2009 to examine dietary preference and food availability. Our analyses show that Diana monkeys processed foods in significantly different ways (<i>H</i><sub>2</sub> = 360.8, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), with invertebrates requiring the least oral processing, fruit requiring intermediate amounts, and leaves requiring the most oral processing. There was no relationship between fruit availability and consumption of preferred or nonpreferred fruits (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05); however, preferred fruits were processed with significantly fewer mastications (i.e., less chewing) than nonpreferred fruits (<i>U</i> = 6,557, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). We thus demonstrate that, when preferred foods are scarce, Diana monkeys do not fall back on difficult-to-process foods. Changes in processing profiles occurred throughout the year and not solely when preferred foods were in short supply. Though preferred fruits required less processing than nonpreferred fruits, we found no relationship between fruit preference and fruit availability. Diana monkeys’ lack of readily identifiable fallback foods may be attributable to the relatively high tree diversity and productivity of the Taï Forest. We conclude that Diana monkeys engage in resource switching, consuming a relatively easy-to-process diet year-round.

Preadaptation in Populations of Neural Networks Evolving in a Changing Environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Hautop Lund ◽  
Domenico Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Evolutionary Time Scale ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Preference

Populations of simple artificial organisms modeled as neural networks evolve a preference for one particular food type in an environment that contains more than one food type if the quantity of energy extracted from each food type is allowed to coevolve with the behavioral preference (evolvable fitness formula). If, after the emergence of the food preference, the preferred food gradually disappears from the environment at the evolutionary time scale, the evolved specialist strategy is maintained until the preferred food type has completely disappeared. Then a new specialist strategy suddenly emerges with a preference for another food type present in the environment. The appearance of the new strategy takes very few generations, in fact much fewer than in a population starting from zero (random initial population) in the same environment. This, together with the fact that the population with an evolutionary past is more efficient than the population starting from zero, suggests that the former population is preadapted to the changed environment. An analysis of the activation values of the hidden units indicates that the new food preference can be an “exaptation,” that is, a new adaptation based on a structure that has previously emerged for adaptively neutral reasons.

Diet and habitat use of two sympatric species of Philodryas (Colubridae), in south Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otávio Marques ◽  
Paulo Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
South Brazil

AbstractFeeding habits and habitat use of the colubrid snakes Philodryas olfersii and P. patagoniensis in southern Brazil are presented here. Philodryas olfersii and P. patagoniensis are sympatric in the study area and both dwell in open and forested areas. Specimens preserved in collections and observations of snakes in the field yielded the data. Both species are diet generalists, feeding on small vertebrates, mainly frogs. Philodryas patagoniensis has a broader diet, a less variable frequency of food items, and fed on heavier prey than P. olfersii. Seasonal variation in diet occurs in both species. The semiarboreal Philodryas olfersii is more slender and has a longer tail than the terrestrial P. patagoniensis, characters that may reflect differences in microhabitat use. There are a strong relationship between habitat use and frequency of a given food type. Differences in the use of food resources between P. olfersii and P. patagoniensis seem to reflect differences in foraging microhabitats used by each species.

scholarly journals TINGKAH LAKU MAKAN LUTUNG JAWA Trachypithecus auratus DI KAWASAN PANCURAN 7 BATURADEN GUNUNG SLAMET JAWA TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Dwi Eliana ◽  
Erie Kolya Nasution ◽  
Indarmawan Indarmawan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Trachypithecus Auratus ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Preferred Foods

Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) has an important ecological role in conserving the forest as their habitat by spreading seeds of fruits of their food. They are also responsible for the pattern of the plant diversity and forest regeneration as their habitat. Unfortunately, Javan Langur has been listed on Appendix II of CITES and categorized as vulnerable by the IUCN. Pancuran 7 Baturaden on the Mount Slamet slope is one of the few Javan Langur habitats in Java. Information on the Javan Langur in this area was inadequate. Therefore this study was aimed to get information on the type of food and the feeding behavior of Javan Langur, particularly in Pancuran 7 Baturaden. This study used a survey method, and the Animal Scan sampling technique was applied. The variables observed were sex ratio, population size, eating position, eating process, feeding locations, feeding duration, including the food type of the Javan Langur. Observed data for each variable were analyzed descriptively as percentages, and the results showed the Javan Langur were eating by sitting and standing, were marking trees to feed, were using hands and mouth to eat, were eating leaves and fruit, were eating on the trees and bushes. There were nine plant species as their food variety, while Matoa fruit and leave (Pometia  pinnata) were their preferred foods.

The effect of food preference, landmarks, and maze shift on maze-solving time in desert ants

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-665
Author(s):  
Maya Saar ◽  
Dar Hershkovitz ◽  
Orin Amano ◽  
Darar Bega ◽  
Aziz Subach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Desert Ants ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Cataglyphis Niger ◽  
Preference Experiment

Abstract We studied how food type and available landmarks affect spatial learning in the ant Cataglyphis niger while searching for food in a maze. We expected the ants to solve the maze faster with consecutive runs, when the preferred food type is offered, and in the presence of landmarks. Ants should also solve the maze more slowly following a mirror-route switch in the maze. As expected, maze-solving improved when searching for a preferred food type than a less preferred one, as determined in a separate food preference experiment. In contrast, adding landmarks to the maze had only little effect on maze-solving and the number of searching workers. Switching the route to a mirror-imaged route in the maze delayed maze-solving and required more workers to search for food. Our findings extend the knowledge on the ants’ learning abilities and demonstrate how foragers detect food faster when offered a high-ranking food item.

scholarly journals Food Preference Predicts Speed of Approach on a Runway Task by Dogs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Elizabeth Cameron ◽  
Jane De Garnham ◽  
Kristeen Jensen ◽  
Lewis A Bizo
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Reinforcer Effectiveness ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Staple Diet

The effective and quick assessment of food preference is important when attempting to identify foods that might function as effective reinforcers in dogs. In the current experiment a food preference assessment was conducted where more highly preferred foods were expected to be associated with faster approaches in a subsequent runway task. Eight dogs were tested in a paired preference assessment offering combinations of two of six types of raw food, including the dog’s staple diet, to identify a rank order of preference for the foods. A different raw food was offered as the staple in two preference tests. The results showed that the staple foods were not preferred as highly as the other foods and that each dog displayed unique and stable preferences for the different foods. In the runway task the dogs were required to walk five metres to obtain a small amount of their most preferred, least preferred or staple foods and latency of approach to the foods was recorded. The approach latencies were faster for their most preferred food compared to their least preferred and the staple foods. The use of a runway to assess reinforcer effectiveness combined an effortful behaviour to obtain food while also requiring the dogs to make a choice, thus precluding the need for more complicated and time-consuming methods of preference assessment. The application of this method for fast and effective identification of preferred reinforcers is currently being investigating further to inform pet owners of simple methods to increase their training successes. Owners of raw food fed dogs are advised to conduct a preference assessment to identify their dogs most preferred food for use as a reinforcer during training.

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