scholarly journals Winter jellyfish macroplankton off the coastal of Crimea

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
S. M. Ignatyev ◽  
V. V. Gubanov ◽  
N. A. Datsyk
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Azov Sea

Predatory macroplankton of jellyfish species is an important component of the pelagic ecosystem. It is capable of mass development, and may influence pelagic communities. Surveillance monitoring of jellyfish populations can detect the seasonal and long-term trends of their variability and assess the role of jellyfish in the trophic structure of the pelagic zone. Monitoring of plankton community (jellyfish macroplankton) off the coastal of Crimea from the Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch coast (including the Azov Sea) in winter period is presented. 22 comprehensive oceanographic stations from Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch Strait and in Azov Sea at the depths of up to 100 m were made. We used a Bogorov — Russ plankton net (entrance area is 0.5 square meters) for collecting plankton in the upper 100-m water layer. Jellyfish were measured immediately, we used a standard method of measuring and calculated the mass of the individual instances by the formulas. The biomass is calculated as the product of the abundance and the average wet weight of organisms in the population. Abundance and biomass macroplankton were counted per square meter of water surface or per the volume of filtered water. The species composition of jellyfish macroplankton was represented by 1 species of jellyfish and 3 species of ctenophores. Aurelia aurita dominated in biomass (98 % of the total biomass of gelatinous macroplankton)  everywhere; Pleurobrachia and Aurelia dominated in abundance (67 and 25 % respectively). The share of both species of ctenophores-invaders did not exceed 8 %. The average relative abundance of jellyfish along the coast of Crimea was fluctuated between 9 and 43 %, comb jellies — from 32 to 77 %. Quantitative distribution of gelatinous macroplankton was non-uniform — from complete absence to 83.3 g·m-3 (average of 12.6 g·m-3). The highest biomass was registered in the area of Sevastopol and Eupatoria, the minimum — off the southern coast of Crimea. Jellyfish were noted at almost all stations. Their biomass reached a value of 18 g·m-3. Distribution of jellyfish is characterized by marked heterogeneity with higher values of abundance and biomass in the area of the southern coast of Crimea and lower — in the stations in the western part of the Black Sea. Aurelia was presented with large dome diameter of 21–220 mm (average diameter — 93 mm). The bulk of the population was accounted for last year’s individuals generation. Biomass of the ctenophore M. leidyi varied from 86 to 4788 mg·m-3 (average of 1595 mg·m-3). The structure of its population was represented by wide size range of animals — 10–65 mm, while the share of larger animals of 60–100 % was observed in the western and south-eastern parts of the Black Sea. On the southern coast of Crimea 45 % of population of ctenophore were animals of 15–25 mm. Biomass of the ctenophore B. ovata was within 34.8–1316.6 mg·m-3 (average of 371.4 mg·m-3). Its abundance varied within a small range, except the area of Feodosia stations, where the maximum value was observed (it was more than 1 g·m-3). B. ovata population consisted of individuals of 20–40 mm long, while it formed the basis of immature specimens of 20–30 mm (50–70 % of the total). In Kerch area their share has reached 100 %. There were hibernating animals of last year’s generation. The coldwater ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus was present almost everywhere, with biomass from 0.1 to 6.0 mg·m-3. Maximum values of abundance were observed in Alushta region. The stations of Crimean southern coast were characterized by intermediate, relatively flat values. South-eastern and western parts of the Black Sea were marked by similar values of abundance and biomass. In all studied regions, the prevailing size group in the structure of P. pileus populations were individuals with a  diameter of 10 mm. In the deep-sea area of the southern part of Crimea population was represented in the larger size range, and the proportion of animals ranging in size from 11 to 20 mm was low (5 %). In general, “winter” composition, size structure and abundance of jellyfish off the coast of the Crimea are the same of indicators in the coastal waters of Sevastopol. But the results show the existence of certain differences in the structure and quantitative development of jellyfish macroplankton in southern and  western coasts of Crimea.

scholarly journals Intercomparison of five nets used for mesozooplankton sampling

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ALTUKHOV ◽  
I. SIOKOU ◽  
M. PANTAZI ◽  
K. STEFANOVA ◽  
F. TIMOFTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Ecosystem Changes

Intercomparison of nets commonly used for mesozooplankton sampling in the Black and Mediterranean seas was attempted within SESAME (Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes) project. Five nets were compared: three Juday nets equipped with 150 μm, 180 μm and 200 μm mesh size, Nansen net (100 μm mesh size) and WP2 (200 μm mesh size). Replicated samples were collected at one station in the western Black Sea offshore waters in April 2009. Collected samples were analyzed at species level (except for meroplankton), stages (for copepods) and size length. A decrease of total abundance values was observed with increasing mesh size, due to the significantly higher numbers of animals smaller than 1 mm in the samples obtained by fine mesh size than with coarser nets. Few comparisons were revealed significant for the abundance of animals with 1-2 mm length, while no significance was detected for specimens larger than 2 mm. The above differences resulted in discripancies between nets regarding species and stages composition. Biomass values did not differ significantly between nets, due to the strong contribution to total biomass of the large animals fraction (Calanus euxinus). The smallest and the largest animals revealed high variability between replicates collected by Nansen, Juday- 200 μm and WP2 nets. Correction factors were calculated for the conversion of abundance values between each couple of nets. The detected differences between nets regarding the abundance and biomass, the community taxonomic composition and size structure, as well as the estimated correction factors, provide useful information for the harmonization of data obtained by the above nets in the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Themes of the Cossack Prey on "Memoirs of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities"

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Oksana Amelina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Domestic Culture ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In the article we are talking about the information capabilities of the "Memoirs of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities" (Zapysky Odes’koho tovarystva istoriyi ta starozhytnostey) on the issue of the study of Cossack prey. This periodical contains a lot of information about one of the most interesting and debatable types of Cossack mining – captivity. Also on the pages of the Notes are posted intelligence on the interaction of Cossacks with the impoverished peoples within the Black Sea and Azov Sea, which helps in the comprehensive study of mining as a phenomenon of military and domestic culture of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Interesting and useful in the consideration of this issue is a description of the trade routes of the Cossacks, landed by the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. Based on these descriptions, we can talk about the Cossack ways of the Cossacks and the location of city-markets for sale, exchange of captured prey, including captivity.

THE ECONOMIC-MILITARY IMPORTANCE OF THE BLACK SEA – NORTH SEA CORRIDOR FOR ENSURING STABILITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Valentin-Costinel TOTIR ◽  
Roxana ALEXANDRU
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: During history, the main channel of communication and cooperation between countries was through commerce and, consequently, through transport. Among all the transport ways, the maritime transport is the one that offers the best cost – benefits ratio. This article is addressed to all the people involved or interested in the economic and military fields and aims to highlight the importance of the Black Sea and North Sea connecting corridor in ensuring peace and stability in Europe in general and in South-Eastern Europe in special. To achieve this goal, we will review the historical conflicts among European countries for waterway control and make a descriptive analysis of the stability situation in the areas affected by them. Furthermore, using the hypothetical-deductive method, we will highlight the manner in which the connection of the Black Sea with the North Sea has influenced economic and military exchanges between riparian states and the impact on stability across European continent. At the end of the article, we will show how economic and military stability in south-eastern Europe is influenced and threatened by geopolitical changes in the wider Black Sea region and how this stability can be maintained and strengthened due to the great possibilities for economic cooperation among the countries of Western and South-Eastern Europe. The novelty of this approach is that it aims to analyze the importance of the Black Sea-North Sea channel in the context of fundamental changes in the politico-military situation in South-East Europe, generated by the expansion of the Russian Federation and the conflict between Turkey and Greece, NATO member countries.

Individual movements between local coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the northern and eastern Black Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gladilina ◽  
Olga Shpak ◽  
Valentin Serbin ◽  
Anna Kryukova ◽  
Dmitry Glazov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Physical Barriers

The Black Sea subspecies of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus ponticus) is threatened and has a small range. Its population structure is little known: it possibly includes a few local coastal populations. We assessed connectivity between coastal groupings in six localities along 800 km of the coastline based on records of photo-identified animals between 2004 and 2014. Abundance of these groupings, as estimated, ranged between 76 and 174 individually distinctive dolphins. In total, there were 350 identified individuals, of which 91 (26%) were resighted within the same areas. However, only three cases of individual movements between local coastal populations were recorded at the distances between 135 and 325 km. Therefore, despite the absence of physical barriers, the coastal Black Sea population is fragmented into numerous resident or locally migrating groupings with site fidelity. These local populations are loosely connected to each other with rare movements between them. This fragmentation can be a factor contributing to short-term fluctuations in abundance of Black Sea bottlenose dolphins and their decline in some localities, despite the potentially high population growth rate.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part III: Mollusca (Gastropoda)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Rapa Whelk

This work is a continuation of a series of descriptions of the taxonomic composition of the consort community of Rapana venosa. The shell of the large invasive gastropod R. venosa, which occupies the ecological niche of the terminal predator in benthic community, is simultaneously an attractive substrate for various hydrobionts – fouling and associated mobile forms, one of which is small gastropod mollusks. The latter are poorly explored and accounted for in the R. venosa consortium. The study of this group of hydrobionts in the composition of epibionts of rapana was carried out on the material obtained in 7 regions of the northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaya, coast of Romania; 2 – NW Crimean coast, Tarkhankut area; 3 – SW coast of Crimea, Sevastopol; 4 – Southern coast of Crimea, Alupka; 5 – Southern coast of Crimea, Yalta – Alushta; 6 – SE coast of Crimea, Karadag; 7 – Kerch Strait. Sampling of rapa-whelk in the coastal zone up to a depth of 15 m was carried out using light water diving equipment, in the deeper zone (up to 40 m), the “Ocean-50” bottom grabber was used from the board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. Gastropods as consorts of rapa-whelk were found predominantly in reg. 3, where in the summer – autumn season 2015–2017 the most detailed works were carried out and about 90 % of the material was sampled (1100 of 1216 R. venosa specimens). It was found that gastropods in the consortia of rapana were represented by 14 species of 9 genera of 6 families, 7 species of them with egg laying. The gastropods were observed in the consortium of R. venosa mainly in the epiphyton community of algal fouling of the shell, where the mollusc-consorts can form significant clusters – more than 60 individuals. Directly on the shell of the rapa-whelk, the gastropods were found singly or in small groups – from 2–5 to 10 individuals. The most numerous and often occurring (up to 25 %) gastropod species in the consortium of R. venosa was Bittium reticulatum (Cerithiidae). Less numerous were Tricolia pullus (Phasianellidae) (5–10 %, in Kazachya Bay – up to 25 %) and Rissoa splendida (Rissoidae) (the occurrence on the average was about 10 %). The remaining species were observed singly. The highest species diversity and abundance of gastropods were recorded at the depth of 4–10 m in the consortium of loose soils R. venosa ecomorph – 14 species; on the rocky ecomorph of rapa-whelk inhabiting the zone of more intensive hydrodynamics – only 2 species. Our research demonstrates that the ecological role of the invasive species of the Black Sea fauna, R. venosa, is not limited to be a predation. In particular, it contributes to reproduction, development and resettlement of other gastropod species. In the biotope of loose soils, where the there is a deficit of the solid substrate necessary for reproduction of many species of hydrobionts, including gastropods, R. venosa is “oasis” increasing the biological diversity of the benthos as a whole.

scholarly journals Variability of the food potential of the Kerch strait and the black sea pre-strait zone as a prospective area for the development of mollusks Mariculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Nataliy Sitnik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Kerch Strait

Based on the data of integrated observations, the variability of phytoplankton, the amount of suspended organic matter and zooplankton of the pelagic zone of the Kerch Strait and the pre-strait zone of the Black Sea is considered. The algal flora of the entire Black Sea, the Kerch Strait and the pre-strait is characterized by the predominance of diatoms over pyridineas (pyrrophytes or dinoflagellates). The study of the species range, number and biomass of the phytoplankton community during several periods of the year showed that its dynamics is largely dependent on seasonal weather changes (climate). In the process of phytoplankton development, several phases of autogenic succession were revealed. It is expressed in a sequential change in phytoplankton forms, changes in its abundance and biomass typical of the eastern shelf of the Black Sea. The zooplankton community of the Kerch Strait is represented by micro-, meso- and macro- zooplankton typical of the Black Sea. Microzooplankton is represented by zooflagellates and protozoa, as well as by early larval stages of planktonic crustaceans, apendicularia and mollusks. Its total biomass averages about 80 mg/m3.The above analysis of the collected material allows us to conclude that the distribution of suspended matter and larvae is related primarily to the peculiarities of water circulation in the strait. In the case of low concentrations of larvae, the dynamic factor can be decisive in the process of sedimentation intensity. The amounts of suspended matter can reach 20 mg/m3, which is 2-3 times higher than on average for the Black Sea. It further demonstrates the high productivity of waters and the prospects of the latter to be the area for commercial growing of mussels.

Hotel Amenities and Hidden Costs Associated With eSports Tourism in the Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-396
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Anatolievna Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Sports Tourism ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Viable Business

eSports as viewed through sports tourism is a viable business within the hospitality industry. Understandings around the creation of hotels that cater to eSports gamers and eSports competitions offer the opportunity towards enhanced venue operation and attractiveness at the global scale. This discussion is focused upon the Ukraine, specifically focusing upon the Black Sea and Azov Sea costs, in particular the Kherson region. A discussion around the understanding of eSports as viewed through the hospitality industry interest, as well as the potentials towards embracing hotels that cater to eSports gamers and events within the Kherson region, is offered through the view of knowledgeable hospitality professionals. Included in the discussion are the eSports-focused desirable amenities and potentials associated with hidden costs within eSports hotels.

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard in the Black Sea and the Azov Sea: a new tsunami catalogue

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
G. Diakogianni ◽  
A. Fokaefs ◽  
B. Ranguelov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
Messina Strait

Abstract. Data on tsunamis occurring in the Black Sea and the Azov Sea from antiquity up to the present were updated, critically evaluated and compiled in the standard format developed since the 90's for the New European Tsunami Catalogue. Twenty nine events were examined but three of them, supposedly occurring in 557 AD, 815 AD and 1341 or 1343, were very likely falsely reported. Most of the remaining 26 events were generated in Crimea, offshore Bulgaria as well as offshore North Anatolia. For each of the 26 events examined, 22 events were classified as reliable ones receiving a score of 3 or 4 on a 4-grade reliability scale. Most of them were caused by earthquakes, such as the key event 544/545 of offshore Varna, but a few others were attributed either to aseismic earth slumps or to unknown causes. The tsunami intensity was estimated using the traditional 6-grade scale and the new 12-grade scale introduced by Papadopoulos and Imamura (2001). From 544/545 up to now, only two reliable events of high intensity K ≥ 7 have been reported, which very roughly indicates that the mean repeat time is ∼ 750 years. Five reliable tsunamis of moderate intensity 4 ≤ K < 7 have been observed from 1650 up to the present, which implies a recurrence of 72 years on the average. Although these calculations were based on a very small statistical sample of tsunami events, the repeat times found are consistent with the theoretical expectations from size-frequency relations. However, in the Black Sea there is no evidence of tsunamis of very high intensity (K ∼ 10) such as the AD 365, 1303 and 1956 ones associated with large earthquakes occurring along the Hellenic arc and trench, Greece, or the 1908 one in Messina strait, Italy. This observation, along with the relatively low tsunami frequency, indicates that the tsunami hazard in the Black Sea is low to moderate but not negligible. The tsunami hazard in the Azov Sea is very low because of the very low seismicity but also because of the shallow water prevailing there. In fact, only three possible tsunami events have been reported in the Azov Sea.

‘Brown-Clay’ Amphorae from Gonio (Apsaros)

Światowit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Paulina Komar
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Local Production ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Brown Clay

This paper presents the first study of the so-called ‘brown-clay’ amphorae discovered by the Gonio-Apsaros Polish-Georgian Expedition in the Roman fort of Apsaros (modern Gonio, Georgia) between 2014 and 2018. In the course of five excavation seasons, 157 diagnostic fragments of these containers were attested, all belonging to variants Ch 1B2 and Ch 1C dated to between c. 50 BC and the 3rd century AD. Thus, they confirm the existence of the Apsaros fortress during the first three centuries of the present era. Both Colchian and south-eastern Pontic containers were found in Apsaros, the latter produced probably in Trapezus. This suggests the south-eastern Pontic provenance of some of the imports in Apsaros, especially until the end of the 1st century AD. On the other hand, local production of containers indicates that the area of the fortress might have produced food surpluses (probably wine), which during the late 1st and throughout the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD were exported to other areas neighbouring the Black Sea.

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