Food Relations of Ukraine and the RSFSR in 1918 − the first half of 1919

The purpose of the article is to establish and investigate the dependence of the population of Soviet Russia, which in 1918 − the first half of 1919 was suffering from the food crisis caused by the policy of the Bolsheviks, as well as the communist regime itself on Ukrainian food, also, to review the plans of the RSFSR leadership on Ukrainian agricultural resources in the context of the actual conquest of Russia by Ukraine in early 1919.Methods of research: chronological, structural-system, logical-historical.The main results. The reasons for the birth in Russia in 1918 of the traffic of bagmen and the peculiarities of the penetration of Russian private suppliers into the territory of Ukraine were researched; the reaction of the Ukrainian State to the appearance of Russian bagmen in the country was studied; the level of efficiency of trade relations of independent Ukraine and RSFSR is analyzed; the relationship between the food situation in Russia and the attempts of the Bolsheviks to overcome it by establishing control over Ukrainian bread in the first half of 1919 was established; it has been proved that the establishment of the Bolshevik authorities in Ukraine and the introduction of the policy of the War Communism here meant the use of force, non-economic methods of influencing Ukrainian peasants for the purpose of actually extracting food resources from them.Practical significance. The results of the article are recommended for use in synthetic works on the history of Ukraine and Russia during the revolution period of 1917−1921, as well as for the development of special courses on the history of Ukraine, Russia and Eastern Europe. These materials can also be used to promote historical knowledge.Originality. The article is completely original, performed on the basis of the generalization of the experience of a number of domestic and foreign researchers with the involvement of archival and narrative sources.Scientific novelty. For the first time in the national historiography, the data revealing the reasons and the peculiarities of the food crisis in Soviet Russia in 1918, and also the doom of a significant part of the Russians to self-help, were synthesized and investigated; the dependence of the starving population of Russia and its authorities on Ukrainian food was first shown; the ways of obtaining Ukrainian bread by Russian bagmen and the Bolshevik regime in the context of the events of the end of 1918 − the first half of 1919 were highlighted.Type of article: anlytical.

Foreign Delegations in Dnipropetrovsk City and Dnipropetrovska Oblast in 1945–1959

The purpose of the article is to figure out the features of a foreign presence in the city and the region during 1945–1959, its intensity and content on the example of the visit of foreign delegations – from the end of the World War II, as a result of which the political map of Europe and the world, the content of international relations have changed, to the assignment to Dnipropetrovsk the status of a conditionally closed city in August 1959, which led to the prohibition of its visit by foreigners until 1987.Research methods: historical-chronological, comparative.Main results: One of the aspects of foreign presence in the region is revealed on the example of target groups, which, as a rule, came at the invitation of public organizations, as well as certain departments. Some features of visiting the region by foreign delegations, quantitative indicators, the composition of individual groups, residence programs, service problems were identified. It was found that a certain limit in visiting foreigners to the region, as well as in the whole USSR, was 1953, when, as a result of the liberalization of the foreign policy of the Soviet leadership, the foreign presence in the region became more massive and public. Dnipropetrovsk and the surrounding areas, along with Kyiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhya, were one of the visiting points. The purpose of its visits was to familiarize with the Soviet reality for the formation of a certain image of the USSR, to demonstrate the "advantages" of the Soviet model, and, therefore caused a significant ideological load of programs and strict control by the party bodies. Since the mid-1950s, with the intensive development of international economic relations in the region, primarily in heavy industry, the number of delegations with production targets had been growing. The economic component of relations dominated the tourism sector, which almost did not cover the Dnipropetrovsk region, given the formation of closed industries. In conclusion, it was noted that already at the stage of late Stalinism, the city and region were a significant part of the international presentation of the USSR and Ukraine. However, the stay of foreign groups revealed significant problems in their service due to material difficulties, lack of experience and personnel, and the specifics of organizing admissions under conditions of totalitarian state.Practical significance: the article recommended for the practice of teaching and research regional and urban history.Originality: sources that were first introduced to scientific circulation were used – the Central State Archive of the Public Organizations of Ukraine, the State Archive of the Dnipropetrovsk Region (oblastʼ) and regional periodicals of the period.Scientific novelty: the issue of the presence of foreign delegations in the Dnipropetrovsk region during 1945–1959 was considered, the problem of the place of Dnipropetrovsk region, Dnipropetrovsk in the system of international relations of Ukraine of the totalitarian period was determined.Article type: explanation.

Taras Shevchenko in Reflections of the Cyril and Methodius Society Members

The article aims to study the personality of Taras Shevchenko in the reflections of the Cyril and Methodius Society Members. The investigators of the figures of the Cyril and Methodius Society, the epistolary and memoir legacy of the participants of the Ukrainian National Movement and their sympathizers are analyzed. As a result, it is argued that the Cyril and Methodius Society Members had fruitful intellectual contacts with T. Shevchenko, knew well and highly respected his work, realized the importance of the poet as a true Ukrainian populist, who made a significant contribution to the national-cultural revival of Ukrainian culture and the creation of a Ukrainian national consciousness It was proved that the activities of the Cyril and Methodius completely coincided with the meaning of Shevchenkoʼs poetic creativity, while the charismatic personality of Kobzar organically entered into the intellectual core of the Cyril and Methodius Society circle, and made a powerful moral and psychological influence on the conscious Ukrainian youth. Members of the Cyril and Methodius Society appreciated the uncompromisingness, courage, radicalism, and deep folk of Shevchenkoʼs poetry. Ukrainian patriotism, patriotism for the fate of the native people united T. Shevchenko with other figures of the society, despite some ideological differences. Progressive Ukrainian youth valued Kobzar for great poetry talent, artistic plastic, extraordinary melodic singing, penetrating mind, deep vital sensibility and, at the same time, unique comic, humor and satire. At the same time, communicating with ideological supporters gav T. Shevchenko a new creative inspiration. During this period the Ukrainian poet was in a state of creative exaltation. It is concluded that the reflections of the Members of the Cyril and Mefodius Society, especially M. I. Kostomarov, P. O. Kulish, G. L. Andruzsky, V. M. Bilozersky, M. I. Gulak, O. D. Tulub, and others, written as during the life of T. Shevchenko, and retrospectively, is an important historical source of life and activity of Kobzar, one of the most prominent representatives of the Ukrainian national elite. The empirical article is written on various documentary and narrative primary sources, for the first time actualizes the problem of historical memory in the Ukrainian national movement at the beginning of its cultural-political stage, contains the original generalizations and conclusions regarding T. Shevchenko as a Ukrainian nation рорulist and harbinger of the Ukrainian national idea in reflections of the Cyril and Methodius Society Members. The material of the article may have practical application in scientific studios on the history of the Ukrainian national movement and the educational process of higher education.

Public Welfare as One of the Directions of Activity of Zemstvos in Yekaterinoslav Region in 1914–1918

The purpose of the study is to analyze the contribution of zemstvos in Yekaterinoslav province during the World War First to the development of the system of public welfare in the province.Methods of research – historiographical analysis and synthesis, comparative and descriptive methods of cognition.The system of public welfare began to be formed after the Zemstvoʼs reform in 1864. Gradually, the main directions of rural care were distinguished: care for servicemen who devoted a significant part of their lives to the army or had special merits; care for persons deprived of livelihood (orphans, incurable ill); care for persons suffering from mental disorders. Zemstvos at their own expense kept orphanages, mansions, homes for the incurably ill, educational-handicrafts homes-invalids. nurseries and temporary shelters for children whose parents were busy with agricultural work. The undeniable merit of Zemstvos was that social protection began to be regarded as one of the most important social affairs, which was extremely relevant in the context of the growing number of people in need of protection, especially during the First World War. However, despite some progress in the organization of social protection, the size of the zemstvos in the field of care with low-income sections of society were insufficient.The results obtained during the study can be used during the teaching of the course "History of Ukraine", studies of local lore.The scientific novelty of the study is to analyze statistical data on the work of zemstvos Yekaterinoslav province in the field of public welfare.The article is of an exploratory nature.

Novomoskovsk in the Court Materials of the Last Quarter of the 18th and the First Half of the 19th Centuries

Novomoskovsk is the city in the Dnipro Ukraine, for which the period of the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century became very significant. This is the beginning of the city in its modern sense, the beginning of many institutions functioning, the time of inclusion in the new administrative-territorial system within the Russian Empire. The specified period due to many objective circumstances is not sufficiently provided with scientific sources, and therefore requires the use of all possible archival materials. This article describes the information capabilities of the forensic documentation of the above-mentioned chronological boundaries for the study of the history of Novomoskovsk and Novomoskovsk district. Attention should be paid to the descriptions of the lost funds of the Novomoskovsk Lower Zemsky court, the Novomoskovsk and Pavlograd Lower Reprisal, Novomoskovsk District Court, and the Novomoskovsk City Hall, which were stored in the State Archives of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. These materials often mention the names of famous landowners in the county: Rodzianko, Alekseev, Gersevanova, Kochubey, Faleeva, Miloradovich, Losev, Mizko, Magdenka. Brief information about them in the names of the cases makes it possible to follow (at least partially) the history of ownership, sales, inheritance of the place; conflict situations they were involved in or their peasants. As a separate example, the case of the Yekaterinoslav Chamber of Civil Cases of 1810–1811 is presented by the inhabitant of Novomoskovsk Anna Skalon. The noble family of French descent, Skalon, is associated with the region, some of the new evidence presents this trial of the dispute over the legacy of her husband, Fyodor Scalon. Particular attention should be paid to the report on the inspection of the cities of Yekaterinoslav province in 1833 by the order of the governor N. Longinov. This document captures the following facts: in 1833, 7 096 peoples lived in Novomoskovsk (slightly less than in the province of Yekaterinoslav); there were 1 429 wooden houses in the city; 65 merchants. The report also contains information about the hospital, the prison of the city; characterizes the work of various institutions; gives an idea of the level of crime in the county. It was concluded that the documents of the judicial institutions of Yekaterinoslav region should be involved in the study of various problems of regional history.

Mykola Yakovych Dakhnov (1862–1930): the Symbolic Personality of Steppic Forestry

The purpose of the article is search and generalization of information about M. Ya. Dakhnovʼs life and activity and creation of the most complete biography of the outstanding forester of Ukraine for today.Methods of research: analytical-synthetic, historical-chronological, comparative-historical, logical, historical-biographical.The scientific novelty: for the first time in the historical-chronological context the life and creative way of the outstanding forester M. Ya. Dakhnov is being considered. The hypothesis about the M. Ya. Dakhnov's pedigree is expressed and substantiated.Practical significance: materials can be used in drawing up handbooks on the history of forestry in Ukraine.The originality of the research is based on a wide range of sources used and their analytical and synthetic elaboration.Type of article: descriptive, research. scientific and biographical.The main results. Based on the analysis of historiographical sources on the history of the development of the national steppe forestry, the subject of research was determined: the life and career of a well-known forester and gardener Mykola Yakovych Dakhnov. The little-known facts of his life activity were introduced into scientific circulation. A hypothesis was expressed about who were the parents (father) M. Ya. Dakhnov. The materials are given that in his youth M. Ya. Dakhnov was involved in protest actions against the government of the Russian Empire. The process of the formation of M. Ya. Dakhnov as a well-known specialist in the field of steppe forestry and gardening is considered. Based on the study of materials of the forestry congress in Great Anadol (1908), the role of M. Ya. Dakhnov in the creation and practical implementation of various types of afforestation and methods of "remediation" of forest stands was substantiated. His organizational and scientific activities during the 1908 congress in Great Anadol are shown and his proposals on strengthening the gardening direction in lower forest schools are considered. Given the little-known facts from the life and work of M. Ya. Dakhnov after 1919, when he retired, It was suggested that the resignation and relocation to Alushta could be associated with family circumstances caused by the civil war. Attention is drawn to the presence of "white spots" in biographical essays on M. Ya. Dakhnov. It is noted in this regard, the need for further research of his life and work.

The Daily Life in Dnipropetrovsk in the Conditions of Post-war Reconstruction of 1944–1947 (by the Contemporaries' Memoirs)

The aim is the daily life of inhabitants of the Dnipropetrovsk (Dnipro) are considered in the conditions of the first post-war years.Research methods: historical and genetic; historical and comparative, system.Main results. The situation in different spheres of city life, state of communal infrastructure, centralized water supply and heating, food supply, priority areas of development of the city economy are shown. The forms and methods of solving the acute problems of the post-war policy and each family, factors of the material and everyday condition of the working people are considered. The ways of restoring the residential area of the city are shown. The restoration of the housing stock was given in two directions: by repairing partially destroyed buildings and, to a lesser extent, by new construction. In the city, due to the lack of material and technical base, mostly one- and two-storey residential buildings were erected. The way out of the situation was the settlement of the incoming families in the apartment of the surviving state houses, as well as the provision of land to those who were ready to solve their housing problems at their own expense. The various spheres of life of the inhabitants of the city in 1944–1947, their social and economic problems are analyzed: the material and communal conditions of their everyday life, social behavior and strategies of survival of different categories of the population of the policy. The social deviations of the deviant character that took place at this time are shown. The situation in the city under conditions of famine of 1946–1947 was studied. The forms and methods of solving problems of specific categories of inhabitants of the city in this difficult period. The attention was paid to such categories as infants, children of nursery, kindergarten and schoolchildren and students of technical schools. The real situation with wages was investigated, it was found that due to the necessity of various types of voluntary and compulsory loans and mandatory taxes, it was low in itself, it could not ensure the proper existence of a person. It is shown that the system of ensuring food and real needs of the population, namely, normalized supply of food and cargoes through the trading network at government prices for cards. It was found that the supply of food and household goods was extremely unsatisfactory, incomparable with a negligible payment of labor, making the price even unattainable, even on the shelves. At the same time different norms were applied for the workers, for the unemployed, the workers of various sectors of the national economy, employees of different institutions and different rank. In parallel, there was state open (commercial) trade with high prices, and also - bazaars at their prices. Many residents of the city were forced to ride in the villages and exchange household items for food. An impoverished day-long menu of many inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk consisted mainly of vegetable food. Despite the difficult conditions for the restoration of the industrial and residential sectors, the cityʼs social sphere was restored. Understand the destroyed buildings and exported garbage. Every year, thousands of trees were planted on the streets and in parks, new squares were broken, repairs of the pavement, sidewalks, dwelling houses were painted, and markets were adjusted according to sanitary requirements. Works were underway to increase the capacity of urban water supply. Hospitals, various kindergartens were restored. To provide everyday needs of the population, shops were open, workersʼ dining rooms, equipped sports, dance and playgrounds, parks were improved, new baths were renovated and new baths were introduced, working clubs were being built.Main results. It is concluded that the everyday life of the first post-war years of Dnipropetrovsk was characterized by the difficult conditions of the existence of its inhabitants. Despite the ongoing rehabilitation of the city material, domestic and communal conditions of their existence were determined by the complex socio-economic situation, severe socio-demographic consequences of the war, as well as causes of a natural climatic nature. All this determined the strategies of their existence in the difficult conditions in which the majority of the city population, despite the difficulties, continued to fulfill the basic purpose of the person – to live, work, raise and raise children.Practical significance. For the historians of the everyday life of Dnipropetrovsk in post-war times.Originality. On the basis of research materials and memoirs of participants of events, the situation of the city's everyday life was reconstructed.The scientific novelty. The article was first presented in the history of post-war Dnipropetrovsk through the prism of everyday life, the various spheres of the existence of its inhabitants.Type of article: empirical.

The Figure of the Historian on the Background of the Era (Professor K. I. Poznyakovʼs Intellectual Portrait)

On the basis of the own memoirs and observations it is considered some plot lines of life and creative biography of K.I. Poznyakov – Dnipropetrovsk professor of history, Honored Worker of the High Schoolof the Ukrainian SSR. An attempt is made to distinguish the most characteristic and peculiar facets of the scientist outstanding personality, emphasizing his long-term and constructive interaction with colleagues of the local classical university, which was always for him (as for a graduate of the historical faculty) not only Alma mater, but also a source of constant intellectual inspiration and growth for almost all conscious life. It is emphasized that the researcher left a significant scientific heritage in the area of the history of the Civil War of 1918–1920 and other problems of the national past, occupying a prominent place in the historiographical process of the second half of the 20th century. He was a high-class professional, authoritative organizer of science and education in the higher educational establishments of Pridniprovʼya, a wise mentor, a wonderful lecturer-speaker, a harmoniously integral, decent, modest man, with his values and ideals in the spirit of the then communist representations in the USSR.

Prosopographic Database "Victims of the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Dnipropetrovsk Region": Theoretical, Methodological and Technological Aspects

The aim of the article is to represent the idea of a roll-call database about the victims of the 1932-1933 Holodomor and the scientific perspectives of its use in historical research. Research methods: logical-linguistic, comparative, system-structural; database technology. The main results: the article highlights the theoretical, methodological and technological principles of projecting a relational database of prosopographic data of victims of the Dnipropetrovsk region during the Holodomor; the main directions of its use for studying social and demographic consequences of the mortality of the population of the region are indicated. Practical importance: the experience of forming a database can be extended to data from other regions of Ukraine; the use of a database management system will allow relevant search of data by different criteria (age, gender, social origin, ethnicity, causes of death); the database can be used as factual material in genealogical research. Originality: generalized experience of designing relevant databases; the author's conceptual model of the prosopographic database was developed taking into account the specificity of the source database of the problem. Scientific novelty: the conceptual model and practical implementation of the prosopographic database about victims of the 1932-1933 Holodomor according to archival and published sources were first proposed. Article type:analitycal-applied.

The National Policy of the Tsarist Government and the National Composition of the Bourgeoisie in the Dnipro Region of Ukraine in the Second Half of the 19th and the Early 20th Century

The national policy of the tsarist government of the Russian Empire in the Dnipro region of Ukraine in the second half of the ХІХ – the early ХХ century is analyzed. It was directed to strengthen the empire; for reaching this purpose the tsarist government used denationalization and russification. The policy of the tsarist government can be characterized as differentiated with respect to different peoples. The tsarist government restricted some nationalities to the definition of places of residence and the choice of professions, for some nationalities the use of their native language was forbidden. Ukrainians were not considered as a separate ethnic group. Government circulars restricted the use of the native language and prohibited to print books in Ukrainian. The Ukrainians were not considered as a separate ethnos. In the circulars of the government the use of the native language was limited and printing of the literature in Ukrainian was forbidden. The rapid development of the Dnipro region of Ukraine was connected with the process of the Russian colonization due to the delivery of the workers from the central regions of Russia. Accordingly correlation of the Ukrainian and Russian population changed in this region. National composition of the bourgeoisie of that period in the Dnipro region of Ukraine can be described as multinational. Except Ukrainians, Russians, Jews and Poles there was a considerable part of foreign capitalists. Rich natural resources and development of industry attracted foreign capitalists, first of all Belgian, French, English and German ones. The tsarist government supported foreign businessmen, that invested capitals in industry, introduced technical innovations and experience of the developed countries. Foreign capitalists played an important role in modernization of industry of the Dnipro region of Ukraine and in transformation of it in the powerful center of mining and metallurgical industry.