scholarly journals Tsunami hazard in the Black Sea and the Azov Sea: a new tsunami catalogue

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
G. Diakogianni ◽  
A. Fokaefs ◽  
B. Ranguelov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
Messina Strait

Abstract. Data on tsunamis occurring in the Black Sea and the Azov Sea from antiquity up to the present were updated, critically evaluated and compiled in the standard format developed since the 90's for the New European Tsunami Catalogue. Twenty nine events were examined but three of them, supposedly occurring in 557 AD, 815 AD and 1341 or 1343, were very likely falsely reported. Most of the remaining 26 events were generated in Crimea, offshore Bulgaria as well as offshore North Anatolia. For each of the 26 events examined, 22 events were classified as reliable ones receiving a score of 3 or 4 on a 4-grade reliability scale. Most of them were caused by earthquakes, such as the key event 544/545 of offshore Varna, but a few others were attributed either to aseismic earth slumps or to unknown causes. The tsunami intensity was estimated using the traditional 6-grade scale and the new 12-grade scale introduced by Papadopoulos and Imamura (2001). From 544/545 up to now, only two reliable events of high intensity K ≥ 7 have been reported, which very roughly indicates that the mean repeat time is ∼ 750 years. Five reliable tsunamis of moderate intensity 4 ≤ K < 7 have been observed from 1650 up to the present, which implies a recurrence of 72 years on the average. Although these calculations were based on a very small statistical sample of tsunami events, the repeat times found are consistent with the theoretical expectations from size-frequency relations. However, in the Black Sea there is no evidence of tsunamis of very high intensity (K ∼ 10) such as the AD 365, 1303 and 1956 ones associated with large earthquakes occurring along the Hellenic arc and trench, Greece, or the 1908 one in Messina strait, Italy. This observation, along with the relatively low tsunami frequency, indicates that the tsunami hazard in the Black Sea is low to moderate but not negligible. The tsunami hazard in the Azov Sea is very low because of the very low seismicity but also because of the shallow water prevailing there. In fact, only three possible tsunami events have been reported in the Azov Sea.

scholarly journals Themes of the Cossack Prey on "Memoirs of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities"

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Oksana Amelina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Domestic Culture ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In the article we are talking about the information capabilities of the "Memoirs of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities" (Zapysky Odes’koho tovarystva istoriyi ta starozhytnostey) on the issue of the study of Cossack prey. This periodical contains a lot of information about one of the most interesting and debatable types of Cossack mining – captivity. Also on the pages of the Notes are posted intelligence on the interaction of Cossacks with the impoverished peoples within the Black Sea and Azov Sea, which helps in the comprehensive study of mining as a phenomenon of military and domestic culture of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Interesting and useful in the consideration of this issue is a description of the trade routes of the Cossacks, landed by the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. Based on these descriptions, we can talk about the Cossack ways of the Cossacks and the location of city-markets for sale, exchange of captured prey, including captivity.

scholarly journals Winter jellyfish macroplankton off the coastal of Crimea

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
S. M. Ignatyev ◽  
V. V. Gubanov ◽  
N. A. Datsyk
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Azov Sea

Predatory macroplankton of jellyfish species is an important component of the pelagic ecosystem. It is capable of mass development, and may influence pelagic communities. Surveillance monitoring of jellyfish populations can detect the seasonal and long-term trends of their variability and assess the role of jellyfish in the trophic structure of the pelagic zone. Monitoring of plankton community (jellyfish macroplankton) off the coastal of Crimea from the Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch coast (including the Azov Sea) in winter period is presented. 22 comprehensive oceanographic stations from Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch Strait and in Azov Sea at the depths of up to 100 m were made. We used a Bogorov — Russ plankton net (entrance area is 0.5 square meters) for collecting plankton in the upper 100-m water layer. Jellyfish were measured immediately, we used a standard method of measuring and calculated the mass of the individual instances by the formulas. The biomass is calculated as the product of the abundance and the average wet weight of organisms in the population. Abundance and biomass macroplankton were counted per square meter of water surface or per the volume of filtered water. The species composition of jellyfish macroplankton was represented by 1 species of jellyfish and 3 species of ctenophores. Aurelia aurita dominated in biomass (98 % of the total biomass of gelatinous macroplankton)  everywhere; Pleurobrachia and Aurelia dominated in abundance (67 and 25 % respectively). The share of both species of ctenophores-invaders did not exceed 8 %. The average relative abundance of jellyfish along the coast of Crimea was fluctuated between 9 and 43 %, comb jellies — from 32 to 77 %. Quantitative distribution of gelatinous macroplankton was non-uniform — from complete absence to 83.3 g·m-3 (average of 12.6 g·m-3). The highest biomass was registered in the area of Sevastopol and Eupatoria, the minimum — off the southern coast of Crimea. Jellyfish were noted at almost all stations. Their biomass reached a value of 18 g·m-3. Distribution of jellyfish is characterized by marked heterogeneity with higher values of abundance and biomass in the area of the southern coast of Crimea and lower — in the stations in the western part of the Black Sea. Aurelia was presented with large dome diameter of 21–220 mm (average diameter — 93 mm). The bulk of the population was accounted for last year’s individuals generation. Biomass of the ctenophore M. leidyi varied from 86 to 4788 mg·m-3 (average of 1595 mg·m-3). The structure of its population was represented by wide size range of animals — 10–65 mm, while the share of larger animals of 60–100 % was observed in the western and south-eastern parts of the Black Sea. On the southern coast of Crimea 45 % of population of ctenophore were animals of 15–25 mm. Biomass of the ctenophore B. ovata was within 34.8–1316.6 mg·m-3 (average of 371.4 mg·m-3). Its abundance varied within a small range, except the area of Feodosia stations, where the maximum value was observed (it was more than 1 g·m-3). B. ovata population consisted of individuals of 20–40 mm long, while it formed the basis of immature specimens of 20–30 mm (50–70 % of the total). In Kerch area their share has reached 100 %. There were hibernating animals of last year’s generation. The coldwater ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus was present almost everywhere, with biomass from 0.1 to 6.0 mg·m-3. Maximum values of abundance were observed in Alushta region. The stations of Crimean southern coast were characterized by intermediate, relatively flat values. South-eastern and western parts of the Black Sea were marked by similar values of abundance and biomass. In all studied regions, the prevailing size group in the structure of P. pileus populations were individuals with a  diameter of 10 mm. In the deep-sea area of the southern part of Crimea population was represented in the larger size range, and the proportion of animals ranging in size from 11 to 20 mm was low (5 %). In general, “winter” composition, size structure and abundance of jellyfish off the coast of the Crimea are the same of indicators in the coastal waters of Sevastopol. But the results show the existence of certain differences in the structure and quantitative development of jellyfish macroplankton in southern and  western coasts of Crimea.

Hotel Amenities and Hidden Costs Associated With eSports Tourism in the Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-396
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Anatolievna Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Sports Tourism ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Viable Business

eSports as viewed through sports tourism is a viable business within the hospitality industry. Understandings around the creation of hotels that cater to eSports gamers and eSports competitions offer the opportunity towards enhanced venue operation and attractiveness at the global scale. This discussion is focused upon the Ukraine, specifically focusing upon the Black Sea and Azov Sea costs, in particular the Kherson region. A discussion around the understanding of eSports as viewed through the hospitality industry interest, as well as the potentials towards embracing hotels that cater to eSports gamers and events within the Kherson region, is offered through the view of knowledgeable hospitality professionals. Included in the discussion are the eSports-focused desirable amenities and potentials associated with hidden costs within eSports hotels.

scholarly journals The Influence of Parasitic Infection on the Black Sea Whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Gadidae), Morphophysiological and Biochemical Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Skuratovskaya ◽  
V. M. Yurakhno ◽  
A. V. Zavyalov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus

Abstract Complex influence of infection by myxosporeans Myxidium gadi Georgevitsch, 1916; Ceratomyxa merlangi Zaika, 1966 and nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) on the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of the Black sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) were studied. Significant decrease of spleenosomatic index and increase of hepatosomatic index in fish with average and high intensity of infection were found. The dependence of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities on intensity of infection was observed. Increase of superoxidismutase, catalase, glutation-S-transferase activities in fish with average and high intensity of infection and decrease of peroxidase activity in specimens with average intensity of infection were shown.

scholarly journals Conchological Variability of Anadara Inaequivalvis (Bivalvia, Arcidae) In the Black–Azov Sea Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Anistratenko ◽  
O. Yu. Anistratenko ◽  
I. A. Khaliman
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hinge Plate ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Continuous Character ◽  
Southeast India

Abstract Conchological Variability of Anadara inaequivalvis (Bivalvia, Arcidae) in the Black-Azov Sea Basin. Anistratenko, V. V., Anistratenko, O. Yu., Khaliman, I. A. - An alien species in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov - Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguiere, 1789) - was recently discovered to have a wide range of shell variability. From the investigated samples (over 900 valves) six basic types of the shell commissural opening were defined; they are not, however, discrete conditions. Th e presence of intermediate variants reveals a gradual (continuous) character of the shell variability and indicates that all the samples investigated belong to the same species. Th e variation of some other Anadara characteristics is also discussed, including: quantity and ornamentation of the ribs on the surface of the valves, quantity of chevrons on the ligament area, shape of the hinge plate and quantity of hinge teeth. A comparison of conchological characteristics of Anadara from the Black-Azov Sea Basin with A. inaequivalvis from southeast India shows that ranges and patterns of shell variability of Azov-Black Sea Anadara correspond to variability of A. inaequivalvis from this species type locality - Coromandel Coast of India.

Noble gas anomalies related to high-intensity methane gas seeps in the Black Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 265 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 396-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Holzner ◽  
D.F. McGinnis ◽  
C.J. Schubert ◽  
R. Kipfer ◽  
D.M. Imboden
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Gas Seeps

scholarly journals Estimation of the Azov Sea state based on the Black Sea hydrography

2020 ◽  
Vol 1675 ◽  
pp. 012120
Author(s):  
A I Mizyuk ◽  
P N Lishaev ◽  
O S Puzina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Azov Sea

scholarly journals Projects waterways seas in the Soviet Union at the Dnipro as an extension of the concept Intermarium after World War II

2016 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Pavlo Satskyi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydroelectric Station ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
The Baltic

The author of the article has been analysing the problems, which had important significance for the new and modern history and for the system of international relations in the Central Europe, i.e. the realisation of the project of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas as a single political project. It was the well-known idea of the Intermarium, which was popular in the political history for a number of decades and was used by the Polish foreign policy. However, a similar idea was also born in Russia during the Seven Years’ War in the years of 1756-1763. The idea of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas in terms of the single political 111 project was also relevant in the 20th century before the beginning of the World War II.However, after the end of the war it has gained new technocratic meaning in theUSSR. In USSR the project of the uniting the Baltic and Black Seas was being implemented, into which this country had a relatively easy exit after the integration of the Baltic states by means of the creation of water transport route from the Dnieper. The beginning of the realisation of this idea was building of The Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station and the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels. In terms of the realisation of this project there were also plans to create the connection of the Dnieper channel with the Azov Sea. In the process of the discussions related to the question of the expediency of building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels, which took place in 1952, the building of the channel uniting Dnieper with the Azov Sea remained among the top questions for discussions. But there was one controversial question related to the orientation of the before mentioned channel, i.e. according to the Meridian or parallelly, that is parallelly to the Sivash, which separated the Crimea from the mainland. In 1954 the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR suggested the project of the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea in terms of the creating of the Waterways System in the European part of the USSR. All technical projects related to the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea with the help of highways remained to be the ideas only. However, one can notice the strategical importance of the development of these ideas and the geopolitical role of the Dnieper river and Sivash, which are strategically interrelated projects.

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