scholarly journals Keragaman Karakter Morfologi Plasma Nutfah Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) ; Diversity of Morphological Characters of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Germplasm

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rully Dyah Purwati ◽  
Tantri Dyah Ayu Anggraini ◽  
Hadi Sudarmo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Color Clustering

<p>Usaha pengembangan wijen saat ini banyak diminati petani terutama untuk lahan-lahan sawah sesudah padi. Untuk itu diperlukan varietas wijen yang berumur genjah sehingga sesuai dengan pola tanam di lahan tersebut. Untuk merakit varietas diperlukan keragaman genetik yang dicerminkan oleh keragaman karakter morfologi, sehingga perlu dilakukan karakterisasi plasma nutfah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi karakter morfologi plasma nutfah wijen. Karakterisasi dilaksanakan di KP Karangploso, Malang yang terletak di ketinggian 515 m dpl. dengan curah hujan 1.500 mm/tahun, dan jenis tanah Gleymosol Gleik/Inceptisol, mulai bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2012. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 35 aksesi. Penanaman wijen dilakukan pada 12 Maret 2012, masing-masing aksesi ditanam dalam satu baris pada petak berukuran 1 m x 5 m dengan jarak tanam 25 cm, satu tanaman per lubang. Hasil karakterisasi morfologi menunjukkan bahwa keragaman morfologi yang tinggi ditunjukkan oleh karakter kuantitatif yaitu panjang<br />petiol, lebar daun, rasio panjang : lebar daun, dan jumlah cabang dengan nilai masing-masing KK 27,49%;39,43%; 40,79%; dan 49,59%. Semua karakter kualitatif menunjukkan adanya keragaman morfologi kecuali tipe pertumbuhan, tanda ‘v’ pada korola bagian dalam, dan warna kapsul. Pengelompokan plasma nutfah menghasilkan keragaman yang tinggi; pada tingkat kemiripan 36,06% koleksi plasma nutfah wijen terbagi menjadi dua kelompok besar dan pada tingkat kemiripan 57,37% terbagi menjadi sembilan kelompok.</p><p> </p><p>Development of sesame is directed to rice field after rice has been harvested, and thus requires early ma-turing varieties which are suitable for cropping system in these areas. The genetic diversity of sesame germ-plasm is reflected by the diversity of agromorpho-logical characters, therefore collection of sesame germ-plasm have to be characterised. The objective of this research was to collect information of morphological characters of sesame germplasm. Characterization activities was held in Karangploso Experimental Station, <br />Malang which is laid on 515 above sea level, rainfall 1,500 mm/year, and soil type Gley-mocol Gleik/Incepticol, from March to August 2012. Sesame accessions were planted on 12 March 2012, each accession was planted in a row in 1 m x 5 m plot size, with 25 cm plant spacing, and one plant per hole. Fertilizer used was 45 kg N + 36 kg P 2O5 + 30 kg K2O. Characterization of quantitative morphological characters resulted in high diversity of pe-tiole length, leaf width, leaf length : width ratio, and number of branches characters, each character had CV value 27.49%; 39.43%; 40.79%; and 49.59%. Diversity was observed for all quali-tative morphological characters, except plant growth type, ‘v’ mark of inner side of corolla, and seed coat color. Clustering showed that sesame germplasm had high genetic diversity ; sesame germplasm is divided into two large groups on 36.06% similarity level, whereas based on 57.37% similarity, sesame germplasm is divided into nine groups.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Upland Rice Germplasm in Malaysia Based on Quantitative Traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sohrabi ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
M. M. Hanafi ◽  
A. Siti Nor Akmar ◽  
M. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Genetic diversity is prerequisite for any crop improvement program as it helps in the development of superior recombinants. Fifty Malaysian upland rice accessions were evaluated for 12 growth traits, yield and yield components. All of the traits were significant and highly significant among the accessions. The higher magnitudes of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for flag leaf length-to-width ratio, spikelet fertility, and days to flowering. High heritability along with high genetic advance was registered for yield of plant, days to flowering, and flag leaf length-to-width ratio suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the gene expression of these characters. Plant height showed highly significant positive correlation with most of the traits. According to UPGMA cluster analysis all accessions were clustered into six groups. Twelve morphological traits provided around 77% of total variation among the accessions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Indian and Exotic Genotypes of Brassica juncea using Phenotypic Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Singh ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Mahavir . ◽  
Nisha Kumari ◽  
Manjeet . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dissimilarity Coefficients

Background: Rapeseed-mustard is one of the most important oilseed crops in India, however, its genetic diversity is barely known. A better understanding on this topic is essential for the proper utilization of genotypes in crop improvement. Methods: Present study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 95 diverse genotypes of Brassica juncea (L.) in paired rows of 4 m length with a spacing of 30 x 10-15 cm (row × plant). Data were recorded on 11 different agro-morphological characters. Result: All the 95 genotypes were grouped into five distinct clusters based on Manhattan dissimilarity coefficients. Amongst the five clusters, cluster V and IV had the maximum number of genotypes (35 and 23 genotypes respectively) and cluster II with least number of genotypes (three). The Manhattan dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.741 to 8.299. Based on the genetic dissimilarity matrix, the maximum dissimilarity (8.299) was observed between the genotypes, DRMRIJ-15-133 and M 62. Cluster III recorded for medium plant height with medium early maturity and cluster I, had maximum mean values for most of the agro-morphological traits. The present work indicated the presence of high genetic diversity among genotypes, which can be used in future breeding programmes for developing mustard cultivars and germplasm management purposes.

scholarly journals Molecular techniques in the assessment of genetic relationships between populations of Consolida (Ranunculaceae)

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Wenyan Fan ◽  
Shujun Jiang ◽  
Xiling Yang ◽  
Wenshuai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity studies are essential to understand the conservation and management of plant resources in any environment. The genus Consolida (DC.) Gray (Ranuculaceae) belongs to tribe Delphinieae. It comprises approximately 52 species, including the members of the genus Aconitella Spach. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Consolida genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 19 species from 12 provinces of regions. Overall, one hundred and twenty-seven plant specimens were collected. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis (PCA) divided Consolida species into two groups. All primers produced polymorphic amplicons though the extent of polymorphism varied with each primer. The primer OPA-06 was found to be most powerful and efficient as it generated a total of 24 bands of which 24 were polymorphic. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.34, p=0.0002) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Consolida species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Consolida species. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Consolida species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa.

scholarly journals Morphological, Pomological, and Specific Molecular Marker Resources for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fig (Ficus carica L.)

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader R. Abdelsalam ◽  
Rehab M. Awad ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Mohamed Z.M. Salem ◽  
Kamal F. Abdellatif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Young Leaves

Fig (Ficus carica L.) considers the original cultivated fruit trees and currently has become extinct. Such genetic resources should be identified, documented, and conserved. Morphology, pomology, and molecular markers are successful tools in assessing genetic diversity and classifying fig accessions. Twenty-one cultivated fig (F. carica L.) accessions were collected from Egypt and Libya. In Egypt, fig accessions are dispersed from Sinai in the east to El-Saloom in the west and from Alexandria in the north to Aswan in the south, whereas Libyan accessions were collected from Tubryq, Bengazi, and AlKufrah. Seventeen morphological, pomological, and fruit traits were used to characterize the fig accessions. Moreover, frozen young leaves were used to extract genomic DNA; 13 expressed sequence tag (EST) common fig primer pairs with 12 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR)-anchored primers were used to detect the genetic diversity. Analysis of variance for fig accessions showed highly significant differences concerning morphological traits, i.e., the leaf length (centimeters) and width (centimeters) ranged from 5.4 and 6 cm to 23 and 23.5 cm, for Komesrey-El-Hammam, Abodey-Giza, and Black_Mission accessions, respectively. Also, fig accessions showed different shapes of leaf edge and fruits; they were categorized into four groups: straight, waved, zigzag, and serrated. The number of leaf lobes data ranged from one lobe for the ‘Green-yellow’, ‘Sultani Red Siwa’, and ‘Sultany Red Amria’ accessions to 10 lobes in the Aswany accession. The two-way hierarchical morphological cluster analysis distributed fig accessions into two main groups. The results detected high genetic diversity for the fig accessions that could be useful in the future breeding programs. Concerning molecular data, the EST markers showed highly polymorphism and informative (r = 0.61; 90.0%), with a total number of identified alleles of 78. We proved that a relatively greater number of alleles per locus characterizes the targeted loci among fig accessions, for which only one and two alleles per locus have been revealed, respectively, although ISSR showed a clear pattern and bands of the primers UBC807, UBC811, UBC812, UBC814, UBC815, UBC817, UBC818, and UBC823. In conclusion, a great range of variability was detected within the fig accessions. This diversification could enrich the genetic base of this genus, and more experiments are needed to reach its full potential.

scholarly journals Characterization of Indian Mustard Germplasm on the Basis of Morphological Traits and SSR Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Narendra Singh Rajpoot ◽  
M. K. Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
R. S. Tomar ◽  
V. S. Kandalkar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
High Degree

The genus Brassica is one of the most important oil seed crops in India with high degree of genetic diversity. In present study, genetic diversity was studied in forty germplasm lines and eight cultivars of Indian mustard using morphological traits and SSR markers. Morphological characters were taken for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Total 50 SSR markers were used for characterization of these lines, out of which 7 SSR markers were highly polymorphic between all the germplasms of mustard. An UPGMA phonogram was constructed for all 48 Germplasms and the similarity coefficient ranged from 0.00 to 0.91. Number of alleles ranged from 3 to 4, genetic diversity ranged from 71% to 65% with average value of 67%, heterozygosity raged from 20 to 10% with average of 12% and PIC value for markers ranged from 0.65 to 0.59 with mean PIC value 0.61. All seven SSR primers showed PIC value above 0.5 (50%) indicating high genetic diversity in the studied plant material.

scholarly journals Detecting DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity in a wide pistachio germplasm by RAPD markers

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-798
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Qian ◽  
Shahram Mehri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Species Adaptability

Assessing the genetic diversity in the population is the prerequisite to start and develop plant breeding projects. Pistacia vera is considered as a commercial species of Pistacia genus. In Iran, Pistachio export is in the second place in terms of non-oil exports and in the first place among horticultural crops. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 11 pistachio genotype (Pistacia vera), from two provinces of Iran regions. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Akbari cultivars depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.028. Shannon information was high (0.49) in Seifadini cultivars. Akbari cultivars howed the lowest value, 0.029. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.261 to 2.700 in Shahpasand cultivars and Kalehghoochi cultivars. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.021-1.800 for Akbari cultivars and Moosaabadi cultivars .Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.38) in pistachio cultivars. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.33, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in pistachio cultivars.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and genetic diversity in Hypericum L.: A high value medicinal plant using RAPD markers markers

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-405
Author(s):  
Dezhong Bi ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Zohreh Hashjin ◽  
Zifa Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Species Adaptability ◽  
Hypericum Species

Genus Hypericum (Guttiferae, Hypericoideae) is perennial, belonging to the Hypericaceae family, having 484 species in forms of trees, shrubs, and herbs, distributed in 36 taxonomic sections. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Hypericum genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed six species from five provinces of Iran regions. Overall, seventy plant specimens were collected. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Hypericum species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. H. dogonbadanicum depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.10. Shannon information was high (0.32) in H. perforaturm. H. dogonbadanicum showed the lowest value, 0.17. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.22 to 0.53 in H. dogonbadanicum and H. elongaturn. Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.87) in Hypericum. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.45, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Hypericum species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Hypericum species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic diversity in geranium (Geraniaceae) using RAPD marker

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Juan Yin ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Abdul Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations

Genetic diversity studies are essential to understand the conservation and management of plant resources in any environment. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Geranium genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed thirteen species from nine provinces. Overall, one hundred and twenty-five plant specimens were collected. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and multidimensional scaling divided Geranium species into two groups. G. sylvaticum depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.11. Shannon information was high (0.38) in G. columbinum. G. sylvaticum showed the lowest value, 0.14. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.25 to 0.55 in G. persicum and G. tuberosum. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.020-1.430 for G. tuberosum and G. collinum. Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.33) in Geranium. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.27, p=0.0002) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Geranium species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Geranium species.

scholarly journals Comparison of morphological characters of different poplar species (Populus, Salicaceae) using the example of Russian and Central Asian Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky subgenus representatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Nasimovich ◽  
Natalia Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Central Asian

Statistical analysis of 10 quantitative and 9 qualitative diagnostic characters of leaves and shoots of three Russian (Populus laurifolia Ledeb., P. nigra L., P. suaveolens Fisch.) and two Central Asian (P. usbekistanica Komarov, P. macrocarpa (Schrenk.) N. Pavl. et Lipsch.) poplar species of the Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky subgenus was performed. It was shown that according to studied quantitative characters P. nigra (Aegirus section) and P. suaveolens (Tacamahaca section) belong to opposite “poles”. This could be possibly due to the fact that the first species is the most common for lowlands poplar in said group, and the second species is the most mountainous and confined to the most severe climatic conditions. The natural areas of these two species are also geographically extremely far from one another. The other three species occupy an intermediate position both in their characters, in terms of growth, and geographically. In addition, they all hybridize in nature with Populus nigra, and Populus laurifolia also with P. suaveolens, which can also explain the intermediate nature of their characters. It was shown that the leaf characters, such as leaf length and width, leaf length and width ratio etc., reflect the specificity of the studied species somewhat worse than a number of specific characters (leaf maximum width position, leaf teeth height and lateral edge radius of curvature, leaf top length and width).

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) estimated by molecular markers and morphological characters

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-662
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Huailiang Tian ◽  
Haiou Xia ◽  
Z Zeenat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Species Adaptability

Members of Lonicera are characterized by opposite, narrowly elliptic to obovate leaves, white, yellow, reddish, or purple-red corolla with capitate stigma and undulate calyx margin. In Flora Iranica, Wendelbo (1965) classified 19 species of the Lonicera into two subgenera (Chamaecerasus and Lonicera) and three sections, namely Isoxylosteum, Isika and Coeloxylosteum. The four studied species belong to subgenus Chamaecerasus and sections Isika and Coeloxylosteum. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Lonicera genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed three species from 2 provinces regions. Overall, 45 plant specimens were collected. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Lonicera species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. The Mantel test showed correlation (r=0.66, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Lonicera species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Lonicera species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document