scholarly journals Morphological, Pomological, and Specific Molecular Marker Resources for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fig (Ficus carica L.)

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader R. Abdelsalam ◽  
Rehab M. Awad ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Mohamed Z.M. Salem ◽  
Kamal F. Abdellatif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Young Leaves

Fig (Ficus carica L.) considers the original cultivated fruit trees and currently has become extinct. Such genetic resources should be identified, documented, and conserved. Morphology, pomology, and molecular markers are successful tools in assessing genetic diversity and classifying fig accessions. Twenty-one cultivated fig (F. carica L.) accessions were collected from Egypt and Libya. In Egypt, fig accessions are dispersed from Sinai in the east to El-Saloom in the west and from Alexandria in the north to Aswan in the south, whereas Libyan accessions were collected from Tubryq, Bengazi, and AlKufrah. Seventeen morphological, pomological, and fruit traits were used to characterize the fig accessions. Moreover, frozen young leaves were used to extract genomic DNA; 13 expressed sequence tag (EST) common fig primer pairs with 12 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR)-anchored primers were used to detect the genetic diversity. Analysis of variance for fig accessions showed highly significant differences concerning morphological traits, i.e., the leaf length (centimeters) and width (centimeters) ranged from 5.4 and 6 cm to 23 and 23.5 cm, for Komesrey-El-Hammam, Abodey-Giza, and Black_Mission accessions, respectively. Also, fig accessions showed different shapes of leaf edge and fruits; they were categorized into four groups: straight, waved, zigzag, and serrated. The number of leaf lobes data ranged from one lobe for the ‘Green-yellow’, ‘Sultani Red Siwa’, and ‘Sultany Red Amria’ accessions to 10 lobes in the Aswany accession. The two-way hierarchical morphological cluster analysis distributed fig accessions into two main groups. The results detected high genetic diversity for the fig accessions that could be useful in the future breeding programs. Concerning molecular data, the EST markers showed highly polymorphism and informative (r = 0.61; 90.0%), with a total number of identified alleles of 78. We proved that a relatively greater number of alleles per locus characterizes the targeted loci among fig accessions, for which only one and two alleles per locus have been revealed, respectively, although ISSR showed a clear pattern and bands of the primers UBC807, UBC811, UBC812, UBC814, UBC815, UBC817, UBC818, and UBC823. In conclusion, a great range of variability was detected within the fig accessions. This diversification could enrich the genetic base of this genus, and more experiments are needed to reach its full potential.

Phenotypic and genotypic signature of saponin chemical composition in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja): revealing genetic diversity, geographical variation and dispersal history of the species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Yuya Takahashi ◽  
Xiang-Hua Li ◽  
Chigen Tsukamoto ◽  
Ke-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Or Genes

Saponin chemical composition was phenotyped and genotyped, and saponin composition-based geographical genetic diversity and differentiation were evaluated in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). Thirty-two phenotypes and 34 genotypes were confirmed from 3805 wild soybean accessions. Eleven phenotypes (AaαK, AaαIK, AaαIJK, AaBcEαJ, AaBcαK, AbEαIJ, AbαK, AbαIK, AbαIJK, AbβHAb and Aβ0) were newly detected. Four genes had frequencies: Sg-1a 78.8% and Sg-1b 21.0% at the Sg-1 locus; Sg-4 30.7% and Sg-6e 13.7% at their respective loci. The north-eastern and southern populations showed high genetic diversity; the Northeast region contained more novel variants (AuAe, A0, A0Bc, αH, αI αJ, αK, and AbβHAb), and the southern populations contained high frequencies of the Sg-4 gene. Gene differentiation (Fst) analysis suggested that Sg-4 and four group-α saponin alleles or genes (Sg-6e, Sg-6h, Sg-6i, Sg-6j) were important factors influencing the genetic structure and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans. Geographical differentiation was characterised mainly by latitudinal differences, with two primary groups (north and south) based on saponin genes. Chinese wild soybean accessions differed from Japanese and South Korean ones in genetic structure based on saponin composition, the latter two being likely to have spread from southern China in the glacial stages during the last Ice Age.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Arcobacter in Food Products in the North of Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1447-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA NIEVA-ECHEVARRIA ◽  
IRATI MARTINEZ-MALAXETXEBARRIA ◽  
CECILIA GIRBAU ◽  
RODRIGO ALONSO ◽  
AURORA FERNÁNDEZ-ASTORGA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Food Products ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
North Of Spain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The bacterial contamination of food products can cause serious public health problems. Interest in Arcobacter contamination has increased due to the relationship between these bacteria and human enteritis. We studied the prevalence and genetic diversity of Arcobacter species at the retail level in the province of Alava in Basque Country, Spain. The results showed a high genetic diversity and indicated the regular presence of the main Arcobacter spp. associated with human enteric illness in food products. Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii were detected with an overall prevalence close to 40% and were isolated from 15 (42.8%) fresh cow's milk samples, 12 (73.3%) shellfish samples, 11 (55%) chicken samples, 2 (10%) pork samples, and 1 (5%) beef sample. The results indicate the need to investigate the impact of Arcobacter spp. on public health.

Genetic diversity of the relict moss Rhytidium rugosum (Hypnales) in Europe inferred from the ITS region (nrDNA)

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Sabovljević ◽  
Jan-Peter Frahm
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Survival Potential

AbstractPost-glacial survival, potential migration routes, genetic diversity and phylogeography of the boreal moss species Rhytidium rugosum have been studied. This species is considered to be one of glacial relics of the wide but scattered Holarctic range. According to molecular data sampling from the selected European, American and Asian populations high genetic diversity of this species is present, even if this species is mostly sterile and produced sex organs extremely rarely and spread mostly asexually. Analysing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, it can be concluded that the populations of this species survived glaciations in various places in Europe and settled and re-settled present range space in various times from various refuges.

scholarly journals De novo developed microsatellite markers in gill parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus (Monogenea): revealing the phylogeographic pattern of population structure in the generalist parasite Dactylogyrus vistulae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Benovics ◽  
Lenka Gettová ◽  
Andrea Simková
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
De Novo ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The North ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
Modern Population

Approaches using microsatellite markers are considered the gold standard for modern population-genetic studies. However, though they have found application in research into various platyhelminth taxa, they remained substantially underutilized in the study of monogeneans. In the present study, a newly-developed set of 24 microsatellite markers was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the generalist monogenean species D. vistulae. The analyzed parasite specimens were collected from 13 cyprinoid species from 11 sites in the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas. A total of 159 specimens were genotyped at each of the loci and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 16, with a mean number of 6.958 alleles per locus. Exceptionally high genetic diversity was observed among D. vistulae individuals in the southern Balkans, suggesting that this region might represent the center of diversification of the genus in Europe, from where Dactylogyrus parasites expanded into the north. The initial clustering analysis divided all investigated specimens into three major clusters; however, the results of the subsequent analyses revealed the existence of various subpopulations, suggesting that the population structure of D. vistulae is associated with the diversification of their cyprinoid hosts. In addition, partition of the parasite population was observed in regions of the sympatric occurrence of two host species, indicating that these hosts may represent a barrier to gene flow, even for generalist parasite species.

scholarly journals Long live the alien: is high genetic diversity a pivotal aspect of crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) long-lasting and successful invasion?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Trucchi ◽  
Benoit Facon ◽  
Paolo Gratton ◽  
Emiliano Mori ◽  
Nils Chr. Stenseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hystrix Cristata ◽  
The North ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Crested Porcupine ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractStudying the evolutionary dynamics of an alien species surviving and continuing to expand after several generations can provide fundamental information on the relevant features of clearly successful invasions. Here, we tackle this task by investigating the dynamics of the genetic diversity in invasive crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) populations, introduced to Italy about 1500 years ago, which are still growing in size, distribution range and ecological niche. Using genome-wide RAD markers, we describe the structure of the genetic diversity and the demographic dynamics of the H. cristata invasive populations and compare their genetic diversity with that of native African populations of both H. cristata and its sister species, H. africaeaustralis. First, we demonstrate that genetic diversity is lower in both the invasive Italian and the North Africa source range relative to other native populations from Sub-Saharan and South Africa. Second, we find evidence of multiple introduction events in the invasive range followed by very limited gene flow. Through coalescence-based demographic reconstructions, we also show that the bottleneck at introduction was mild and did not affect the introduced genetic diversity. Finally, we reveal that the current spatial expansion at the northern boundary of the range is following a leading-edge model characterized by a general reduction of genetic diversity towards the edge of the expanding range. We conclude that the level of genome-wide diversity of H. cristata invasive populations is less important in explaining its successful invasion than species-specific life-history traits or the phylogeographic history in the native source range.

Genetic Relationship in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Landraces Cultivated East Anatolia by using RAPD and ISSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Macit Ertuş
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Issr Primers

Background: Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a forage crop that yields high in arid and calcareous soils and is cultivated in large areas. There aren’t many genetic diversity studies on the varieties of cultured sainfoin. This study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity and the degree of relationship between 23 cultivated landraces and one registered variety. Methods: To take samples from the populations, seeds were sown in the field in 2014. Samples were taken from the young leaves of the plants and preserved at -80oC in same year. RAPD and ISSR primers were used in the study. The bands obtained as a result of PCR were recorded and the data of both methods were also evaluated by combining them. Result: In the study, 5 RAPD and 4 ISSR primers were used and a total of 49 bands were obtained. Of 29 bands obtained using RAPD primers, 20 were found to be polymorphic and of 20 bands obtained using ISSR primers, 15 were found to be polymorphic. It was found that there was a very low correlation between the two methods. Using RAPD and ISSR markers and RAPD + ISSR combination, the similarity index among populations was found to be between 0.25-0.95, 0.5-1.00 and 0.45-0.91, respectively. The Nei’s genetic diversity index was found to be between 0.3365, 0.2656 and 0.3018 with RAPD, ISSR primers and RAPD + ISSR combination, respectively. Based on the dendrograms obtained using RAPD, ISSR primers and RAPD + ISSR combination, the populations under analysis were classified into 3, 3 and 5 groups, respectively. With this study, the closest populations were identified and a significantly high genetic diversity was detected.

Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of variation of Hordeum murinum as revealed by retroelement insertional polymorphisms in Iran

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Sharifi-Rigi ◽  
Hojjatollah Saeidi ◽  
Mohammad Rahiminejad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Hordeum Murinum ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Northwest Region

AbstractHordem murinum is a widespread weedy/wild species, growing in different ecological conditions in Iran. Populations of H. murinum subsp. glaucum (2n = 2x = 14) and subsp. leporinum (2n = 4x, 6x = 28, 42) are found in this region. Inter-retroelement amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity of 57 accessions of H. murinum from different regions of Iran, and to examine patterns of diversity related to the taxonomy and geography. Eight IRAP primer combinations amplified a total of 241 distinct DNA fragments sized 150-1400 bp, from which 236 (97.9%) were polymorphic. On average, each primer combination amplified about 30.12 fragments (ranged from 23 to 34) in PCR. The patterns of genetic diversity were closely correlated with taxonomic groups, ploidy levels and geographic origin. Along with the high genetic diversity, three geographic sub-genepools were evident, 1: in the North-Northeast region along the Alborz Mountains, 2: in the West-Northwest region along the Zagros Mountains, and 3: in the Central — Southern region. The genetic diversity in diploids was higher than polyploids. Also genetic diversity in W-NW region along the Zagros Mountains was considerably higher than that of the other regions.

Genetic diversity in local barley accessions collected from different geographical regions of Tunisia

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ould Med Mahmoud ◽  
S. Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Simple Sequence

To assess the genetic diversity among Tunisian local barley, a set of 120 barley accessions representing five distinct geographical regions (North-West, Littoral, South, Jerba and Kerkennah Islands) was characterized with 20 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 8 expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers. The 28 loci revealed a total of 98 alleles, with an average of 3.76 alleles per locus (range 2–10). Gene diversity averaged 0.50 (range 0.09–0.84). Partitioning analysis of genetic diversity showed that about 95% of the total variation was within regions and no geographical differentiation could be found except for the North-West population. Similarly, neighbour joining clustering of the genotypes did not indicate any clear pattern of division among the barley accessions based on geographical origin. These results may reflect the impact of seed exchange between farmers which is likely to limit highlighting favourable alleles due to local adaptation.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Core Collection of Olive Germplasm from Albania Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Aida Dervishi ◽  
Jernej Jakše ◽  
Hairi Ismaili ◽  
Branka Javornik ◽  
Nataša Štajner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Olive is considered one of the oldest and the most important cultivated fruit trees in Albania. In the present study, the genetic diversity and structure of Albanian olive germplasm is represented by a set of 194 olive genotypes collected in-situ in their natural ecosystems and in the ex-situ collection. The study was conducted using 26 microsatellite markers (14 genomic SSR and 12 Expressed Sequence Tag microsatellites). The identity analysis revealed 183 unique genotypes. Genetic distance-based and model-based Bayesian analyses were used to investigate the genetic diversity, relatedness, and the partitioning of the genetic variability among the Albanian olive germplasm. The genetic distance-based analysis grouped olives into 12 clusters, with an average similarity of 50.9%. Albanian native olives clustered in one main group separated from introduced foreign cultivars, which was also supported by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and model-based methods. A core collection of 57 genotypes representing all allelic richness found in Albanian germplasm was developed for the first time. Herein, we report the first extended genetic characterization and structure of olive germplasm in Albania. The findings suggest that Albanian olive germplasm is a unique gene pool and provides an interesting genetic basis for breeding programs.

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