PENENTUAN KEBUTUHAN NITROGEN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogeae L.) DI LAHAN KERING MALUKU TENGAH

Most people in Maluku Islands have long used non-rice food consumption, especially tuber crops and maize. The development of diversification of non-rice food consumption certainly needs to be supported by the availability of adaptive crop cultivation technology to climate change. Cropping pattern is one of the appropriate steps for smallholder farmer to increase land productivity. An experiment of maize/peanut intercropping pattern had been conducted to determine optimum Nitrogen (N) rate for maize at different planting spacings in intercropping pattern with peanut in dryland of Makariki Village, Central Maluku. The experiments were arranged in a Split Plot Design with 3 (three) replicates. The main plot was maize spacing, namely: (i) J1 = 80 x 25 cm, 6 rows of maize, 2 rows of peanut, (ii) J2 = 160 x 25 cm, 3 rows of maize, 4 rows of peanut, and (iii) J3 = 240 x 25 cm, 2 rows of maize, 6 rows of peanut. The sub-plot was N rate (kg/ha), namely: (i) N0 = 0-0-0, (ii) N1 = 45-50-60, (iii) N2 = 90-50-60, (iv) N3 = 135-50-60, and (v) N4 = 180-50-60. The results showed that plant height, cob circle and yield of maize grown at different planting spacings in intercropping patterns in Makariki, Central Maluku affected by N fertilizer application. The application of N fertilizer increased growth and yield of maize by following a quadratic pattern. The use of maize spacing of J1 (80 x 25 cm) in intercropping with peanut requires the addition of the optimum N rate of 302 kg urea/ha, which gave the highest maize yield (t/ha) compared with other planting spacings.

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PENENTUAN KEBUTUHAN NITROGEN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogeae L.) DI LAHAN KERING MALUKU TENGAH

Informatika Pertanian ◽

10.21082/ip.v23n2.2014.p107-126 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Takdir Mulyadi M

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Main Plot ◽

Optimum N Rate ◽

Intercropping Pattern

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Nitrogen and Chicken Manure Effect on Corn Growth and Yield in Double Row Cropping Patterns

International Journal of Current Science Research and Review ◽

10.47191/ijcsrr/v4-i11-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Eko Suprijono ◽

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Biological Properties ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Double Row ◽

Cropping Patterns

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a common food and feed product in the community since it is commonly used as rice substitution as food staple. Fertilizer application is required to attain crop high yields. Plants can receive nutrients from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (NF) during their growth cycle. However, excessive use of NF might harm the environment. Organic chicken manure (CM), on the other hand, can minimize the harmful impact of NF. Chicken manure benefits to improve the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. To boost maize plant growth and productivity, might employ CM and NF. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NF and CM on corn growth and yield. This research was conducted in Kembang Seri, Central Bengkulu, Indonesia from November 2019 to February 2020 using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was NF doses (100, 125, and 150 %), and the second-factor consisted of CM doses (0, 10, and 20 tons/ha). Data were analyzed using ANOVA F-5%. On shoot dry weight of corn cultivated in a double row cropping pattern, there was an interaction between the dose of N and chicken manure. At 0 tons/ha, the optimum N fertilizer dose for chicken manure is 135.96 %, or 407.86 kg urea/ha. At a dose of 20 tons/ha, the optimum N fertilizer dose for chicken manure is 141.22 %, or 423.65 kg urea/ha. In a double row cropping pattern, different nitrogen fertilizer doses had no effect on corn growth and yield. The optimal dose of chicken manure was 16.65 tons/ha for plant height, 17.35 tons/ha for stem diameter, 18.89 tons/ha for leaf greenness, 17.35 tons/ha for cob length, 15.01 tons/ha for cob weight, 18.87 tons/ha for dry seed weight/plant, and 19.74 tons/ha for dry seed weight/plot.

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Growth and Yield Responses of Cowpea and Groundnut to Five Rhizobial Inoculant Strains in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2020/8848823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

F. Mintah ◽

Y. Z. Mohammed ◽

S. Lamptey ◽

B. D. K. Ahiabor

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Mineral N ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Rhizobial Inoculation ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Savanna Zone

Inoculating groundnut and cowpea with highly effective and competitive rhizobial strain improves nodulation. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, to evaluate the growth and yield responses of cowpea and groundnut to five rhizobial inoculant strains in the Guinea Savanna zone. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight (8) treatments replicated four (4) times. The treatments included five rhizobial inoculant strains (NC 92, KNUST 1002, KNUST 1003, KNUST 1006, and BR 3267), two N fertilizer levels (20 kg·N/ha and 40 kg·N/ha), and a control. The results showed that rhizobial inoculation and N fertilizer application increased nodulation, biomass yield, pod number, pod weight, hundred seed weight, nodule dry weight, and pod yield of groundnut compared with the control. Rhizobial inoculation averagely increased the nodulation and yield by 63 and 67%, respectively, compared with the control. Mineral N fertilizer (20 kg N/ha) on average increased the nodulation and yield by 24 and 25%, respectively, compared with the control plots. It can be recommended from this study that, in the absence of highly competitive rhizobial strains such as KNUST 1006 and NC 92 as biofertilizers for increasing the nodulation and yield of cowpea and groundnut, 20 kg·N/ha can be used for the purpose. Further research is recommended using these rhizobial strains in combination with lower rates of N fertilizers (<20 kg·ha−1).

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Effect of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer at pre flowering stage on yield of pulses

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v35i4.6858 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. K. Das ◽

K. Jana

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Main Plot ◽

Soluble Fertilizer

Field experiments were conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal during <italic>pre kharif, kharif and rabi</italic> seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of water soluble fertilizer spray on growth and yield of greengram, blackgram, lathyrus, lentil and chickpea. Pulses are mostly grown by the farmers without any fertilizer application, as positive effect of supplying legume plants with supplementary nitrogen was found to have beneficial effect on enhancing growth and increasing seed yield. Five sets of experiments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications <italic>viz.</italic> two levels of basal fertilizer application (F0 -No basal dose of fertilizer, F1 -Basal dose of fertilizer application @ 20, 40, 40 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha−1.) as factor A in main plot and seven levels of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizers at pre flowering stage (no spray, 0.5% NPK(19-19-19), 1% NPK(19-19-19), 2% NPK(19-19-19), 3% NPK(19-19-19), 2% DAP, 2% Urea) as factor B in sub plot. Significantly higher seed yield of pulses were recorded with application of 2% urea spray over basal dose of fertilizer application The lowest seed yield was recorded with no basal fertilizer and spray. Without basal dose of fertilizer application, 3% NPK (19-19-19) spray recorded highest seed yield. Under basal dose of fertilizer application, the results showed a gradual increase in yield with the increase in concentration of NPK (19-19-19) fertilizer spray up to 2%, Among the fertilizer spray treatments irrespective of basal dose of fertilizer application, urea spray was significantly better than all other treatments.

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Increasing the Growth and Production of Irrigated Rice Through the Integrated Application of Rice–Duck–Azolla

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Etty Safriyani ◽

Mery Hasmeda ◽

Munandar Munandar ◽

Firdauas Sulaiman ◽

Holidi Holidi

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Integrated Agriculture

The application of integrated agriculture is an effort to reduce dependence up on agrochemicals and increase the absorption of nutrients, especially nitrogen, to increase plant growth and production. Azolla is an algae that can provide nitrogen for rice, while ducks can increase the availability of N, P, and K, as well as the efficiency of nitrogen use. This research aimed to evaluate the role of ducks and Azolla in increasing the growth and production of rice plants. This research was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019 using an experimental method with a nonfactorial randomized block design. The combinations of nitrogen fertilizers, Azolla, and ducks (K) were as follows: K1 = 115 kg N ha−1, without ducks, without Azolla; K2 = 86 kg N ha−1, without ducks, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; K3 = 86 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; K4 = 58 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; K5 = 29 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1; and K6 = without N fertilizer, 3,000 ducks ha−1, 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1. The results showed that the application of 58 kg N ha−1, 3,000 ducks ha−1, and 1,000 kg Azolla ha−1 (K4) was able to decrease the N fertilizer application by 50% and increase the rice growth and yield by 12.17% and 20.32%, respectively. Therefore, the integrated application of rice–duck–Azolla would support sustainable agriculture.

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EFFECTS OF N FERTILITY, PLANT DENSITY AND CULTIVAR ON YIELD OF DILL

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1165f ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1165f-1165

Author(s):

Owusu Bandele ◽

Xenia Wolff ◽

Byron Belvitt ◽

Justin Egbe

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Long Island ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Planting Density ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Main Plot ◽

N Fertility ◽

N Fertilizer Rate

Two experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1990 to determine the effects of planting density, N fertilizer rate, and cultivar on fresh yield of dill. A split plot design was used in the first experiment in which planting density (one versus two rows per bed) was the main plot treatment and N rate (0, 56, 112 kg/ha) was the subplot treatment. A European cultivar, `Crown,' was used in the first experiment in 1988 while `Long Island Mammoth' was planted in 1990, N was applied in split applications while both K2 O and P2 O5 were preplant incorporated at the rate of 134 kg/ha. Planting was done on bedded rows approximately 66 cm wide and 15 cm high. N fertilizer application did not affect yield in 1988. Leaf, stem, flower, and total yields were greater for the high density planting. The second experiment evaluated yield of four cultivars (`Tetra,' `Bouquet.' `Long Island Mammoth,' and `Crown') using a randomized complete block design. `Long Island Mammoth' and `Tetra' produced greater leaf and total fresh weight while `Long Island Mammoth' and `Bouquet' produced greater flower fresh weight.

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Nitrogen-Fertilized Systems of Maize Intercropped With Tropical Grasses for Enhanced Yields and Estimated Land Use and Meat Production

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2020.544853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos A. C. Crusciol ◽

Gustavo P. Mateus ◽

Letusa Momesso ◽

Cristiano M. Pariz ◽

André M. Castilhos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Management Approach ◽

Meat Production ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Maize Production ◽

Tropical Regions

Intercropping grain with forage crops bridges the gap between agriculture and sustainability. In tropical regions, forage grasses are increasingly being adopted as winter pasture intercropped and in rotation with maize to maximize food production. However, current recommendations for nitrogen (N) fertilizer application are based on monocropped maize (Zea mays), and the best N management approach for intercropping systems remains unclear. A field experiment was carried out in three growing seasons with three intercropping systems [monoculture maize, intercropped with palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha), and intercropped with guineagrass (Megathyrus maximus)] combined with six different split applications of N to maize (0–0, 100–0, 70–30, 50–50, 30–70, and 0–100 kg N ha−1 at seeding-sidedressing) with four replicates. We measured dry matter (DM) and accumulated N in maize and forage grasses, as well as maize production components and yields. Additionally, land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity of maize with forage grasses, forage crude protein (CP) concentration, estimated animal stocking rate, and estimated meat production and economic outcomes. Greatest maize yield was 8.7 Mg ha−1 for monocropped maize. However, favorable maize yield was also obtained in intercropping systems. Although no difference was observed between intercropping systems, applying all N at sidedressing of maize negatively affected maize and forage yields and, consequently, land use and economic evaluation. For both intercropping systems, estimated meat and land use were 114 and 10% higher when N fertilizer was applied than the control (0–0 kg N ha−1), on average. Maize-forage grass intercropping is a viable alternative production system for improving yields and land use. In addition, estimated meat production and revenue can be enhanced with palisadegrass or guineagrass. At least half of the N fertilizer must be applied early in the growing season of maize to maximize production of the entire system.

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Strategy of nitrogen fertilizer application to increase growth and yield of rice in ratoon system at tidal swampland

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2524 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1004-1010

Author(s):

Gribaldi Gribaldi ◽

Nurlaili Nurlaili ◽

Firnawati Sakalena ◽

Nurmala Dewi ◽

Ardi Asroh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Good Effect ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Main Crop ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

This study aims to determine the effect of regulating the provision of nitrogen fertilizer on several rice varieties on the growth and yield of rice in ratoon system at the Tidal swampland. A split plot design was employed in this experiment. The main plot was nitrogen fertilizer application (N) consisting of N1, N2, N3, and N4. The subplot is rice varieties (V) consisting of Inpari 30 (V1), Inpara 3 (V2), Inpari 33 (V3), Inpari 43 (V4) and Hipa 5 Ceva (V5). The results showed that ½ dose nitrogen fertilization given at planting + ½ dose at primordia had a good effect on the growth and yield of the main crop, whereas 1/3 dose nitrogen fertilization given at planting + 1/3 dose at primordia + 1/3 dose at harvest tends to have a good effect on ratoon yield. Variety Hipa 5 Ceva produced highest yield of unhusked rice (i.e. 4.9 tons ha-1 for the main crop and 2.71 tons ha-1 for ratoon) at (N3): 135 kg N ha-1 fertilizer, when ½ dose was given at planting + ½ dose at primordia. The variety Hipa 5 Ceva with various nitrogen fertilization strategies provided the highest total grain yield in the ratoon system at tidal swampland.

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Effect of Cropping Pattern and Fertilizer Dose Applied in Raised-Bed on The Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Sunken-Bed of The Surjan Rice Field

Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ◽

10.22146/ipas.31420 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Damar Suryaningndari ◽

Didik Indradewa ◽

Budiastuti Kurniasih ◽

Endang Sulistyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Rice Field ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Rainfed Rice ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Main Plot ◽

Raised Bed ◽

Plot Design

Surjan system (alternating bed system) is an agricultural system that combines dry and wet bedding system. It integrates food crop culture in the sunken-bed and annual crops in the raised-bed of the rainfed rice field. In Bantul, farmers commonly apply Surjan system in rice field by growing shallot (Allium cepa L. aggregatum group) and chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in the raised-bed, whereas no crop is grown in the sunken-bed. This present experiment evaluated the utilization of the sunken-bed for rice cultivation by utilizing fertilizer runoff from the raised-bed. Rice plants in the sunken-bed were not fertilized due to the expectation that it could utilize the fertilizer runoff from the raised-bed. The cropping pattern and the fertilizer dose in the raised-bed are suspected to affect the growth and yield of rice in the sunken-bed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cropping pattern and fertilizer dose applied in raised-bed on the growth and yield of rice in sunken-bed of the Surjan rice field. This study were laid out in a split plot design with three replication. The main plot consists of two cropping pattern, namely shallot monoculture and intercropping shallot with chili. The fertilizer dose applied in raised-bed, namely 100% farmer's habit; 50% farmer’s habit; and 25% farmers' habit, occupying the sub plot. Dose of fertilizer applied in riased- bed according to the farmer's habit in research locatin is 622 kg NPK/ha (16-16-16) ; 228 kg ZA/ha and 76 kg KCl/ha. The results showed that there was no interaction between the cropping pattern and the fertilizer dose applied in the raised-bed on the growth and yield of rice in the sunken-bed. Compared with shallot monoculture, intercropping shallot with chili in raised-bed decreased the growth of rice in the sunken-bed. Compared with the 100% fertilizer dosage of farmer's habits, the fertilizer dose of 50% of the farmer's habits in the raised-bed increased the growth of rice in the sunken-bed. Cropping pattern and fertilizer dose in the raised-bed did not significantly affect the rice yield grown in the sunken-bed of the Surjan rice field.

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Review on the Effect of Irrigation Interval on Different Crop Production

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i1430362 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Dessie Gieta Amare ◽

Zigijit Kassa Abebe

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Forage Production ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Irrigation Level ◽

Irrigation Interval ◽

Crop Growth Stage

In this review, the effect of irrigation intervals on growth and yield of onion, maize yield, growth characteristics for Chile pepper, vegetative growth and yield, growth analysis of soybean, forage production, growth and development of tomato, the effect of irrigation level and irrigation frequency on the growth of mini Chinese cabbage and Influence of irrigation interval, nitrogen level and crop geometry on production lettuce have been reviewed. The best performance irrigation interval for onion, maize, pepper, okra, soybean, forage, tomato, cabbage and lettuce are 5, 6, 1, 12, 8, 20, 1, 4 and 2 day respectively. Crop type, crop growth stage soil type, climate condition (temperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine hour and wend speed) duration of the environment should be properly addressed and potential evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration should be estimated for determining of irrigating interval. In these cases, some of the studies are properly addressed these important parameters but some of the study not indicates. On the other hand chemical composition of water and soil, fertilizer application, method of research design and plant geometry are should be identified to eradicate the misjudgment of your best productivity of irrigation interval.

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