scholarly journals Analisis Sekuen Gen Tubulin-β Isotipe 1 Cacing Haemonchus contortus Isolat Resisten terhadap Benzimidazole pada Domba di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dyah Haryuningtyas ◽  
Wayan T. Artama
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
West Java ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Tubulin Isotype ◽  
Β Tubulin

<p>Benzimidazole (BZ)<br />resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants<br />(sheep and goat) has become a significant problem worldwide.<br />Evidences of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole in<br />Indonesia has been reported from some government owned<br />farms in West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta. Previous<br />study on the sheep parasite H. contortus had shown that the<br />BZ resistance was related to selection for individuals in a<br />population possesing a spesific β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. The<br />study is aimed to determine mutation on coding region of<br />central part of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus resistant<br />strain from Indonesia. Seven H. contortus worms were<br />isolated from four BZ resistant sheep from two government<br />farms (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java, and UPTD<br />Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta), and from<br />a BZ susceptible sheep from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java.<br />DNA was extracted individually from female H. contortus<br />worms. A fragment of 520 bp β-tubulin isotype 1 gene exon<br />3, 4, 5 was amplified using the PCR technique and then<br />sequenced. The results showed that a single mutation<br />occurred in codon 200 (from phenilalanine to tyrosine) had<br />caused benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus from SPTD<br />Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java. Mutation in β-tubulin isotype 1<br />gene of H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan<br />Hewan, Yogyakarta, occurred in codon 198 (from glutamate<br />to glycine), codon 201 (from cystein to stop codon), and<br />codon 202 (from isoleucyne to stop codon).</p>

Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzaid Muhamad ◽  
Syahirah Sazeli ◽  
Resni Mona ◽  
Jannathul Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

Multi-species Grazing for Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes – a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Joan M Burke ◽  
James E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Multi-species grazing, alternate grazing of cattle with sheep or goats, offers benefits to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) control as GIN species differ between hosts. In the Southeastern United States, common GIN species of cattle include Cooperia spp., Ostertagia ostertagi, Haemonchus spp., whereas species of sheep and goats are Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia curticei, and Oesophagostomum spp. Anthelmintic resistance is widely prevalent in small ruminants, and is an increasing problem in cattle, but remains less prevalent. Thus, it is recommended to farmers to use a multi-faceted approach of GIN control, including multi-species grazing. Because management differs between cattle and small ruminants in regard to copper tolerance in minerals, predator control and fencing, alternate grazing of species has most commonly been used. Other considerations include age or susceptibility to GIN, as young calves may be vulnerable to GIN, but mature cows often have negligible GIN infection. Similarly, weanling lambs and kids are susceptible, and depending on breed, adults range from highly resistant to susceptible. Research indicates that GIN burden of more resistant animals is less influenced by multi-species grazing, and highly susceptible animals will likely need additional measures of control. The more resistant species used in the multi-species grazing may lend more control to the more susceptible. Some research showed reductions in O. ostertagi, but not C. oncophora in cattle during extended grazing of cattle and sheep, and reductions of H. contortus and T. colubriformis in sheep. However, other research reported similar worm burdens. Weight gains were improved in lambs grazed alternately with cattle in some studies, and most studies showed little benefit to cattle. Little has been published on alternate grazing with cattle and goats. The complex interactions, larger plot sizes needed, and time required to complete experiments limits published studies of this important management scheme.

scholarly journals Status of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in organized sheep and goat farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Anita Rani Dey ◽  
Shirin Akter ◽  
Hiranmoy Biswas ◽  
Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Resistant Parasite ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status

Anthelmintic resistance has become a global problem that threatens livestock production worldwide. The present study was investigated the status of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes of small ruminants in two organized sheep and goat farms in two different areas of Bangladesh by fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) for albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin. In each farms, naturally infected animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals. Fecal samples from each group were collected on day 0 and day 14 of post treatment to measure the eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The fecal samples of each group before and after treatment were also considered for culture to identify resistant parasite. In case of organized sheep farm, the result of FECRT of albendazole was 90.17, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 97.82 and 55.68, respectively. The result of FECRT of levamisole and ivermectin was 98.25 and 96.77, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 99.79, 85.12 and 99.11, 88.31, respectively. In case of organized goat farm, the result of FECRT of albendazole was 100, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 0 and 0, respectively. The result of FECRT of levamisole and ivermectin was 97.99 and 100, 95% confidence with upper and lower limit was 99.59, 90.28 and 0, 0 respectively. The results revealed that gastrointestinal nematodes were found to be resistant to albendazole in organized sheep farm and suspected to be resistant to levamisole and ivermectin. In organized goat farms, the GI nematodes found to be susceptible to all anthelmintics used for this study. Coproculture revealed that Haemonchus spp. were resistant parasite in sheep farm. This seems to be the first documentation of anthelmintic resistance against GI nematodes in organized sheep and goat farms in Bangladesh. Appropriate measures need to be taken to overcome the situation. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 378-382

scholarly journals PSII-37 Determining the possible anthelmintic properties of allicin and pumpkin seed oil for mitigation of anthelmintic resistance found in gastrointestinal nematodes infecting ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
Collin Hayes ◽  
Elizabeth Benavides ◽  
Malorie Diamond ◽  
Trixie L Wetmore ◽  
Ken Mix
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Pumpkin Seed Oil

Abstract Anthelmintics are a widely utilized treatment option for gastrointestinal nematodes infecting ruminants. Recently, these parasites have exhibited increasing resistance towards these drugs. Haemonchus controtus, a gastrointestinal nematode commonly found in small ruminants, has developed resistance towards multiple classes of anthelmintics, leading to huge economic losses worldwide. There are few novel drugs currently being developed, but certain plant-derived products have demonstrated anthelmintic properties when administered in various forms to ruminants. By utilizing these plant products, producers have the opportunity to decrease the rate of development of anthelmintic resistance, and prevent eggs from hatching when excreted by infected livestock. Therefore, it is hypothesized that specific plant-derived products will act as ovicidal agents in H. contortus eggs. The objective of this study was to determine the ovicidal activity of allicin (from Allium sativum) and pumpkin seed oil (PSO). H. contortus eggs were extracted from a pooled fecal sample of Boer and Spanish goats naturally infected with H. contortus. The eggs were then exposed to allicin or PSO at different concentrations. Experiments were replicated four times per concentration. To determine ovicidal activity, samples were observed for unhatched eggs and hatched worms for 24 hours. The 1:100 allicin dilution treatment tended (P = 0.053) to inhibit hatching more than the control. Furthermore, any worms that hatched in allicin treatments exhibited limited signs of motility. Pumpkin seed oil does not appear to possess the same ovicidal potency as allicin, but may still have potential as a larvicidal agent. Based on the current results, allicin is a potential ovicidal agent that may be used independently or incorporated with current treatment methods for H. contortus control.

Haemonchus contortus β-tubulin isotype 1 gene F200Y and F167Y SNPs are both selected by ivermectin and oxfendazole treatments with differing impacts on anthelmintic resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
Janaelia Ferreira Vasconcelos ◽  
Gracielle Araújo Frota ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Weibson Paz Pinheiro André ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Tubulin Isotype ◽  
Β Tubulin

scholarly journals Overview of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Andrioli Salgado ◽  
Clóvis de Paula Santos
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs

Abstract Frequent and inappropriate use of all classes of antiparasitic drugs in small ruminants has led to failures in their effectiveness, culminating in a global problem of anthelmintic resistance. Brazil stands out as one of the world’s leaders in publications about anthelmintic resistance, and for having the most numerous reports of this resistance in small ruminants in the Americas. These studies have involved mainly the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and its correlation with field management practices. In vivoeffectiveness testing is conducted in areas where livestock is of greater economic significance, e.g., in the South (sheep) and Northeast (goats), or is important for research and economic centers, such as the Southeast (sheep). The most widely studied species is sheep, for which the widest range of drugs is also evaluated. Despite significant advances achieved in molecular research, laboratory analyses should include knowledge about the reality in the field so that they can become feasible for the producer. Moreover, molecular studies can be underpinned by the analysis of field studies, such as the maintenance of antiparasitic effectiveness over time and the mechanisms involved in this process.

Multiple anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 102105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rani Dey ◽  
Nurjahan Begum ◽  
Anisuzzaman ◽  
Md. Abdul Alim ◽  
Mohammad Zahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes

scholarly journals Development of high throughput method for the analysis of anthelmintic resistance allele frequencies in field populations of gastrointestinal nematodes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Sargison ◽  
Madison MacLeay ◽  
Alison A. Morrison ◽  
David J. Bartley ◽  
Mike Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractDrug resistant helminths have become a major cause of poor health and production in sheep and goats, and there is a need for diagnostic markers and tools to determine the frequency of resistance alleles in field parasite populations. Gastrointestinal nematode resistance to benzimidazole drugs is caused by a mutation in one of three positions on the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus, and in the absence of markers for resistance to other broad spectrum anthelmintic classes, these provide a relevant study example. Determination of the prevalence of these single nucleotide polymorphisms in field gastrointestinal nematode populations can be impractical using conventional molecular methods, which may be error prone or lack sensitivity at low levels of resistance. Here, we report the development of a novel method based on an Illumina Mi-seq deep amplicon sequencing platform; to sequence the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus of the small ruminant gastrointestinal nematode,Teladorsagia circumcincta, and determine the frequency of the benzimidazole resistance mutations. We validated the method by assessing sequence representation bias in the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus, comparing the results of Illumina Mi-seq and pyrosequencing, and applying the method to populations containing known proportions of resistant and susceptible L3. Finally, we applied the method to field samples collected from ewes and lambs on over a period of one year on three farms, each highlighting different aspects of sheep management and approaches to parasite control. The results show opportunities to build hypotheses with reference to selection pressures leading to differences in resistance allele frequencies between sampling dates, farms and ewes or lambs, and to consider the impact of their genetic fixation or otherwise. This study provides proof of concept of a practical, accurate, sensitive and scalable method to determine frequency of anthelmintic drug resistance mutations in gastrointestinal nematodes in field studies and as a management tool for livestock farmers.

scholarly journals Detection of Gastrointestinal Nematode Populations Resistant to Albendazole and Ivermectin in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Mondragón-Ancelmo ◽  
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
David Emanuel Reyes-Guerrero ◽  
Gabriel Ramírez-Vargas ◽  
Amairany Emithziry Ariza-Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Group A

Gastrointestinal parasite infections represent a major welfare problem in small ruminants reared in extensive systems, which may be exacerbated by anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, we aimed to study the efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin in sheep. Eighty-six animals were selected from commercial farms in the temperate area of the State of Mexico at the age of seven months. These animals were randomly distributed into three groups: Group A, treated with albendazole, Group I, treated with ivermectin and Group C, left untreated. Faecal samples were collected before the anthelmintic was administered and 15 days post-treatment. Both Group A and Group I displayed a significant decrease of faecal egg counts when pre- and post-treatment values were compared (p = 0.003 and p = 0.049, respectively), and a significantly lower faecal egg count when compared with Group C after the treatment (p < 0.05). However, the faecal egg count reduction test showed that gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) developed anthelmintic resistance to both albendazole and ivermectin. The results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allowed the identification of Cooperia spp., and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The allele-specific PCR results confirmed that T. colubriformis was resistant to albendazole. In conclusion, this study showed the presence of resistant GIN to albendazole and ivermectin in sheep reared in Mexican temperate zones. Therefore, nematode infections should be systematically monitored in order to implement integrated management strategies to prevent the spread of anthelmintic resistance.

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