scholarly journals Pengaruh Kinetin dan BAP terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Embrio Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Imron Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Expression Rate ◽  
The Media ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

<p>Effect of Kinetin and BAP to Growth and Development of<br />Somatic Embryos of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.).<br />Imron Riyadi. Somatic embryos induction in sago palm<br />(Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) have succesfully developed. Kinds<br />and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGR’s)<br />influence to growth and development of somatic embryos.<br />The research was conducted to determine the optimal concentration<br />of BAP and kinetin for proliferation, maturation<br />and germination of sago palm somatic embryos. Cotyledonstage<br />of somatic embryo derived from shoot tip cultures<br />cultured on Modified Murashige-Skoog (MMS) with halfstrength<br />macro-salts and added with 30 g/l sucrose, 2 g/l<br />gelrite, 1 g/l activated charcoal. pH of media was adjusted at<br />5.6 before sterilized. The media were supplemented with<br />0.1-2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1-2.0 mg/l kinetin in combination with<br />0.01 mg/l ABA each for supporting growth and development.<br />The cultures was incubated at 26+1oC under a 12-h<br />photoperiod with lighting providing an intensity 20 μmoles<br />photons/m2/second for 11 weeks with replication 10 times.<br />The results showed that the highest of somatic embryo<br />proliferation was achieved in a culture medium with BAP at<br />0.5 mg/l + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of 94%, the<br />best maturation at 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an<br />expression rate of 93.5% and the most germination at 2.0<br />mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of<br />100%. Transfer of these germinants to gelled media without<br />PGR’s led to the development of normal plantlets.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAGO PALM (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) CALLI

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Imron Riyadi ◽  
Sumaryono Sumaryono
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

<p>The application of gamma irradiation on plant materials may increase the genetic variation of the offspring with useful traits. The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of irradiation dosage of gamma ray on growth and development of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) calli. Friable calli of sago palm derived from suspension culture were used as a material source. The primary calli were initiated from apical meristematic tissues of sago palm suckers of Alitir variety from Merauke, Papua. The treatments used were dosage of gamma ray irradiation at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy. The treated calli were then subcultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MMS) solid medium containing 3% sucrose and 0.1% activated charcoal and added with 1 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l-1 kinetin. The results showed that at all irradiation dosages, calli biomass increased significantly. The highest proliferation of calli biomass of 5.33 folds from the initial culture after 4 weeks was achieved at gamma irradiation of 25 Gy, whereas the lowest proliferation of calli biomass of 3.4 folds was achieved at control. The best development of embryogenic calli was obtained at 10 Gy that produced 100% somatic embryos, whereas the lowest somatic embryo formation at 0% was obtained at 0 and 25 Gy after one subculture. High response of somatic embryo induction to gamma irradiation at 10 Gy may increase production of somatic embryos. These results can be used in in vitro breeding of sago palm via mutagenesis to create new elite varieties.</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh TDZ terhadap induksi embrio somatik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada tiga metode kultur berbeda (Effect of TDZ on the somatic embryo induction of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) in three different culture methods)

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron Riyadi ◽  
Darda EFENDI ◽  
Bambang S PURWOKO ◽  
Djoko SANTOSO
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Callus Differentiation ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

AbstractA right combination of cytokinin is able to support the process of callus differentiation to somatic embryo formation in plant somatic embryogenesis. Liquid culture application could increase the efficiency of in vitro culture process on plants. This research aimed to determine the best concentration of TDZ combined with kinetin for callus differentiation to  somatic embryo of sago palm on three culture methods. Plant material used was embryogenic callus derived from tips meristem culture from sucker of Alitir sago palm. Callus was cultured on modified MS media added with: 0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L TDZ combined with 0.5 mg/L kinetin for 12 weeks with subcultures every 6 weeks. Three culture methods used were suspension, temporary immersion system (TIS), and solid media. There were 12 treatments with 4 replicates. The results showed that the highest number of somatic embryos was achieved on TIS culture with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L kinetin in 6 weeks (167.3 embryos/flask) and 12 weeks (389.2 embryos/flask) with its fresh weight of 18.4 g and 29.1 g, respectively. The highset survival rate in final culture (12 weeks) was achieved on TIS culture with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L kinetin (100%). The shortest time for somatic embryos expression was achieved on TIS culture with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L kinetin in two weeks after culture. Histological analysis of early-stage somatic embryos showed the presence of dense and compact cellular arrangements which formed growth spot axis for shoot or SAM (shoot apical meristem) and root or RAM (root apical meristem) that connected each other. [Key words: culture method, embryogenic callus, Metroxylon sagu Rottb., kinetin, sago palm, TDZ]   AbstrakAplikasi kombinasi sitokinin yang tepat dapat mendorong proses diferensiasi kalus membentuk embrio somatik pada proses embriogenesis somatik tanaman. Penggunaan metode kultur cair dapat meningkatkan efisiensi proses kultur in vitro tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi TDZ terbaik dikombinasikan dengan kinetin dalam proses diferensiasi kalus membentuk embrio somatik tanaman sagu pada tiga metode kultur. Bahan tanam penelitian  berupa kalus embriogenik tanaman sagu asal kultur meristem pucuk dari anakan sagu jenis Alitir. Kalus dikulturkan pada media modifikasi dengan penambahan  TDZ dengan konsentrasi 0,1; 0,5; dan 1,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,5 mg/L selama 12 minggu yang disubkultur pada umur 6 minggu. Metode kultur yang digunakan terdiri atas tiga macam yaitu: kultur suspensi, sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) dan media padat. Perlakuan terdiri atas 12 kombinasi perlakuan dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah embrio somatik tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan metode kultur SPS dengan TDZ 1,0 mg/L baik pada umur kultur 6 minggu (167,3 buah) maupun umur 12 minggu (389,2 buah). Rerata bobot segar tertinggi juga diperoleh pada perlakuan metode kultur SPS dengan TDZ 1,0 mg/L  pada umur kultur 6 minggu (18,4 g) dan  12 minggu (29,1 g). Rerata daya hidup kultur akhir (12 minggu) tertinggi  sebesar 100% diperoleh pada perlakuan SPS. Induksi embrio somatik  tercepat yakni setelah  dua minggu diperoleh pada  metode kultur SPS dengan TDZ 1,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,5 mg/L. Analisis histologi embrio somatik stadium awal  menunjukkan adanya susunan sel yang rapat dan kompak yang menyusun semacam poros atau berkas titik tumbuh tunas atau SAM (shoot apical meristem) maupun akar atau RAM (root apical mersitem) yang saling terhubung.[Kata kunci: kalus embriogenik, metode kultur, kinetin, TDZ, sagu, Metroxylon sagu]

scholarly journals Pengaruh interval dan lama perendaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan pendewasaan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Effect of immersion interval and duration on the growth and maturation of somatic embryos of sago palm ( Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. SUMARYON
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

AbstractLiquid culture via temporary immersionsystem (TIS) has a potency for enhancingmaturity and uniformity of plant somatic embryos(SE). An experiment was conducted to determinethe effect of medium immersion interval andduration on the growth and maturation of sagoSE in TIS. A clump of SE at globular stagederived from sucker’s tip meristem culture wasused as material source. The SE were cultured ona modified Murashige and Skoog medium addedwith 0.01 mg/L ABA, 1.0 mg/L kinetin and0.1 mg/L GA 3 . The treatments used were TISwith immersion interval of 3, 6 and 12 hourswith duration of 1 and 3 minutes. Solid mediumwas used as a control. The results show that TISwith immersion interval 12 hours for threeminutes produced the highest SE biomass(14.6 g/flask) which had increased by 9.8-foldwithin six weeks. The longer of immersioninterval (less frequent) and the longer ofimmersion duration (three minutes) increasedsignificantly biomass fresh weight of of sago SE.SE biomass of sago on solid medium wassignificantly lower than those of in liquid mediaof TIS. The highest number of advanced stageembryos (torpedo, cotyledonary and earlygerminant) of 643 or 48.2% from the totalnumber of SE was achieved in TIS with 12 hoursinterval for three minutes. During the maturationof sago SE, the color of embryos has changedfrom mostly yellowish to greenish and reddish.AbstrakKultur cair dengan sistem perendaman sesaat(SPS) berpotensi untuk meningkatkanpendewasaan dan keseragaman embrio somatik(ES) tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan pengaruh interval dan lamaperendaman terhadap proses pendewasaan ESsagu dalam SPS. Bahan yang digunakan berupaES fase globuler asal kultur pucuk tunas anakansagu. ES sagu dikulturkan dalam mediumMurashige dan Skoog yang dimodifikasiditambah ABA 0,01 mg/L; kinetin 1 mg/L danGA 3 0,1 mg/L. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalahkultur SPS dengan interval perendaman 3, 6 dan12 jam dengan lama perendaman 1 dan 3 menitserta kultur padat sebagai pembanding. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan SPSdengan interval perendaman 12 jam selama tigamenit menghasilkan bobot biomassa ES tertinggiyaitu 14,6 g/bejana yang meningkat 9,8 kalidalam waktu enam minggu. Interval peren-daman lebih lama (lebih jarang) dan lama peren-daman lebih panjang (tiga menit) meningkatkansecara nyata bobot segar biomassa ES sagu.Biomassa ES sagu pada medium padat secaranyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kulturkotiledon dan kecambah dini) tertinggi yaitu 643atau 48,2% dari jumlah total ES diperoleh pada perlakuan SPS interval 12 jam dengan lama tigamenit. Seiring dengan pendewasaan ES sagu, terjadi perubahan warna dari sebagian besar kuning menjadi hijau dan merah.

scholarly journals Pengaruh interval dan lama perendaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan pendewasaan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Effect of immersion interval and duration on the growth and maturation of somatic embryos of sago palm ( Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. SUMARYON
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

AbstractLiquid culture via temporary immersionsystem (TIS) has a potency for enhancingmaturity and uniformity of plant somatic embryos(SE). An experiment was conducted to determinethe effect of medium immersion interval andduration on the growth and maturation of sagoSE in TIS. A clump of SE at globular stagederived from sucker’s tip meristem culture wasused as material source. The SE were cultured ona modified Murashige and Skoog medium addedwith 0.01 mg/L ABA, 1.0 mg/L kinetin and0.1 mg/L GA 3 . The treatments used were TISwith immersion interval of 3, 6 and 12 hourswith duration of 1 and 3 minutes. Solid mediumwas used as a control. The results show that TISwith immersion interval 12 hours for threeminutes produced the highest SE biomass(14.6 g/flask) which had increased by 9.8-foldwithin six weeks. The longer of immersioninterval (less frequent) and the longer ofimmersion duration (three minutes) increasedsignificantly biomass fresh weight of of sago SE.SE biomass of sago on solid medium wassignificantly lower than those of in liquid mediaof TIS. The highest number of advanced stageembryos (torpedo, cotyledonary and earlygerminant) of 643 or 48.2% from the totalnumber of SE was achieved in TIS with 12 hoursinterval for three minutes. During the maturationof sago SE, the color of embryos has changedfrom mostly yellowish to greenish and reddish.AbstrakKultur cair dengan sistem perendaman sesaat(SPS) berpotensi untuk meningkatkanpendewasaan dan keseragaman embrio somatik(ES) tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan pengaruh interval dan lamaperendaman terhadap proses pendewasaan ESsagu dalam SPS. Bahan yang digunakan berupaES fase globuler asal kultur pucuk tunas anakansagu. ES sagu dikulturkan dalam mediumMurashige dan Skoog yang dimodifikasiditambah ABA 0,01 mg/L; kinetin 1 mg/L danGA 3 0,1 mg/L. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalahkultur SPS dengan interval perendaman 3, 6 dan12 jam dengan lama perendaman 1 dan 3 menitserta kultur padat sebagai pembanding. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan SPSdengan interval perendaman 12 jam selama tigamenit menghasilkan bobot biomassa ES tertinggiyaitu 14,6 g/bejana yang meningkat 9,8 kalidalam waktu enam minggu. Interval peren-daman lebih lama (lebih jarang) dan lama peren-daman lebih panjang (tiga menit) meningkatkansecara nyata bobot segar biomassa ES sagu.Biomassa ES sagu pada medium padat secaranyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kulturkotiledon dan kecambah dini) tertinggi yaitu 643atau 48,2% dari jumlah total ES diperoleh pada perlakuan SPS interval 12 jam dengan lama tigamenit. Seiring dengan pendewasaan ES sagu, terjadi perubahan warna dari sebagian besar kuning menjadi hijau dan merah.

scholarly journals Determination of Optimum Nitrogen Ratios and Concentrations for Embryo Cultures of Alstroemeria

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 630e-630
Author(s):  
Paula C. Moreck ◽  
Mark Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryo Cultures ◽  
The Media

The rates of in ovulo germination of embryos of three genotypes of Alstroemeria were observed. Ovules were harvested ten days after pollination and cultured on sixteen different treatments containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with no plant growth regulators. The media contained four different concentrations of total nitrogen: 20, 40, 60, 80 mm. Within these concentrations were either 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, or 2:1 ratios of nitrate to ammonium. Standard MS medium, with a concentration of 60 mm total nitrogen and a ratio of 2:1 nitrate to ammonium, was used as the control. The overall rates of germination for all three genotypes were low in all treatments. The percentage of zygotic germination was low while the percentage of somatic embryos produced was high. In some situations, callus or deformed embryos were produced. Effects of the treatments on embryo development and germination will be discussed.

scholarly journals Metode Hidroponik secara DFT ( Deep Flow Technique ) dan NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) pada beberapa Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Chalim Asnawi ◽  
Saimul Laili ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Deep Flow Technique ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hydroponic Systems

Hydroponics is agricultural cultivation without using soil media, where the media can be replaced with husk charcoal or cocopeat media. However, hydroponics is actually the use of nutrients in a solution so that the nutritional needs of the plant are as desired. Accordingly, plant growth can be maximized. The use of media other than soil does not inhibit plant growth because both charcoal husk and cocopeat can store nutrients so that plant growth is not disturbed. This study aims to determine the response of red spinach (Alternanthera amoena Voss.) to Cocopeat and husk charcoal, and also to determine the use of DFT (Deep Flow Technique) and NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic systems on the growth and development of red spinach. The method used was RBD where Rockwool media as a control, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. From the research results, the cocopeat media and husk charcoal media gave different results where the cocopeat growing medium was greater than the husk charcoal growing medium and the DFT and NFT systems gave significantly different results where the NFT yield was greater than DFT.Keywords: Hydroponics, Red Spinach, Cocopeat, Husk Charcoal, DFT, NFTABSTRAKHidroponik adalah lahan budidaya pertanian tanpa menggunakan media tanah, dimana media dapat digantikan dengan media arang sekam ataupun cocopeat. namun hidroponik sesungguhnya yakni penggunaan nutrisi dalam larutan sehingga kebutuhan nutrisi pada tanaman sesuai keinginan. Maka pertumbuhan tanaman bisa lebih maksimal. penggunaan media selain tanah tidak menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman karena baik media arang sekam maupun cocopeat dapat menyimpan unsur hara sehingga pertumbuhan tanaman tidak terganggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pada tanaman bayam merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss.) terhadap media tanam Cocopeat, dan Arang sekam, dan juga untuk mengetahui penggunaan sistem hidroponik DFT (Deep Flow Technique) dan NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayam merah. Metode yang digunakan adalah RAK dimana media rockwool sebagai kontrol, dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Dari hasil penelitian Media tanam cocopeat dan media arang sekam memberikan hasil yang berbeda dimana media tanam cocopeat lebih besar dari pada media tanam arang sekam dan pada sistem DFT dan NFT memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata dimana hasil NFT lebih besar dari pada DFT.Kata kunci : Hidroponik, Bayam Merah, Cocopeat, Arang sekam, DFT, NFT

scholarly journals STRAIN ENTEROBACTER SP. UOM-3 IS ABLE TO SYNCHRONOUS DESTRUCTION OF HALOGEN-CONTAINING HERBICIDES AND SYNTHESIS OF INDOL-3-ACETIC ACID

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721
Author(s):  
S.N. Starikov ◽  
◽  
S.P. Chetverikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

We studied the Enterobacter sp. UOM-3 oil destructor strain that was isolated and identified earlier. During the study, it was shown that these bacteria are able to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) when growing in culture medium with the halogen-containing herbicides Octapon and Florax: the destruction of 2,4-D on the 4th day of cultivation reached 79% and 68%, respectively, the maximum concentration of IAA during the experiment was 485 ng / ml and 270 ng / ml. The strain can be applied as part of a biological product to remediate the environment and to stimulate plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Pengaruh 2,4-D terhadap Induksi Embrio Somatik Kopi Arabika

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron Riyadi ◽  
NFN Tirtoboma
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Direct Induction

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Direct induction of somatic embryos in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) using plant groth regulators (PGR's) has been successful. The concentration and combination of different kinds of PGR's can influence the response and success in embryo induction. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of 2.4-D in combination with kinetin for direct induction and proliferation of somatic embryos. The plant material used was Arabica coffee var. Kartika-l originating from The Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute, Jember. Explants were taken from young leaves of reddish-green in color. Somatic embryos were induced directly on a Murashige-Skoog (MS) standard medium containing 30 g/l sucrose and supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/l 2.4-D in combination with 0.1 mg/l kinetin each. The cultures were incubated in the dark at temperature 26oC and RH +60% for 6 weeks with 10 replications. The results showed that somatic embryogenesis in Arabica coffee was best induced in a culture medium wiyh 2.4-D at 4 mg/l, combination with 0.1 mg/l kinetin. Induction of somatic embryos was achieved at 100% 4 weeks after culture. Three morphological stages of embryo development were identified: globular, early heart, and middle heart. The embryos were of three distinct colors such as, yellowish, yellowish-white, and white. The highest rate of proliferation of somatic embryos was achieved at 2 mg/l, 2.4-D in combination with 0.1 mg/l kinetin averaging 68.53 embryos per explant 6 weeks after subculture.</p>

scholarly journals The development of somatic embryos of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on solid media *) Perkembangan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada medium padat

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
J.S. TAHARDI TAHARDI ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

SummarySago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) isusually propagated vegetatively by suckers.However, the limited availability of uniformsuckers is a major obstacle in the establishmentof cultivated sago plantations. Tissue culture hasthe potential for large-scale mass clonalpropagation of superior genotypes of sago palm.In vitro culture of sago palm has been establishedthrough somatic embryogenesis. Embryogeniccallus derived from shoot apical tissue of youngsuckers was cultured on a modified Murashigeand Skoog (MMS) medium containing 30 g/Lsucrose, 2 g/L Gelrite, 1 g/L activated charcoal,5.0 mg/L 2,4-D, and 0.1 mg/L kinetin to inducesomatic embryos. Callus clumps formed somaticembryos within four weeks. In the subsequentculture, approximately 0.3 g initial globularcallus grown on MMS medium containing 1.0mg/L kinetin, 0.01 mg/L ABA and 0.1 mg/L GA 3produced 140 to 200 somatic embryos at differentdevelopmental stages four weeks later. All stagesof developing embryos with different sizesand colors were present at any one time ofculture. Secondary (repetitive) somatic embryo-genesis was also found in the culture.Transferring of the mature stage of somaticembryos to solid media with half-strength macro salts and with sucrose at concentration of 20 or 30 g/L without growth regulators led to the development of normal plantlets.RingkasanTanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)biasanya diperbanyak secara vegetatif dengantunas anakan. Namun, terbatasnya ketersediaantunas anakan yang seragam merupakanhambatan utama dalam pembukaan perkebunansagu. Teknologi kultur jaringan mempunyaipotensi untuk perbanyakan klonal tanaman saguunggul dalam skala besar. Kultur in vitrotanaman sagu telah dikembangkan melaluiembriogenesis somatik. Kalus embriogenik yangberasal dari eksplan pucuk tunas anakandikulturkan pada medium modifikasi Murashigedan Skoog (MMS) dengan sukrosa 30 g/L,Gelrite 2 g/L, arang aktif 1 g/L, 2,4-D 5 mg/Ldan kinetin 0,1 mg/L untuk menginduksi embriosomatik. Kalus membentuk embrio somatikdalam waktu empat minggu. Dalam kulturberikutnya, dari kurang-lebih 0,3 g embrio faseglobuler yang dikulturkan pada medium MMSdengan kinetin 1,0 mg/L, ABA 0,01 mg/L danGA 3 0,1 mg/L menghasilkan 140 sampai 200embrio somatik dengan fase perkembangan yangberbeda-beda. Embrio somatik dalam semuafase perkembangan dengan ukuran dan warnayang berbeda-beda ditemukan setiap saat dalamkultur. Di samping itu, embriogenesis somatiksekunder (berulang) juga terjadi dalam kultursagu. Embrio somatik fase dewasa biladipindah ke medium padat dengan garam makrosetengah konsentrasi dan sukrosa padakonsentrasi 20 atau 30 g/L tanpa zat pengaturtumbuh akan menjadi planlet normal.

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