POTENSI HASIL GALUR-GALUR F1 MANDUL JANTAN KAPAS PADA PERSILANGAN ALAMI

ABSTRAK Produksi benih varietas kapas hibrida dapat ditempuh dengan dua cara, yaitu dengan persilangan manual dan dengan memanfaatkan galur mandul jantan (male-sterile line). Memproduksi benih kapas secara persilangan manual memerlukan tenaga dan biaya yang tinggi, dan biaya tersebut dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan galur male steril. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, di Karangploso, Malang, Jawa Timur, dari bulan April sampai Oktober 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi hasil galur-galur mandul jantan kapas untuk memproduksi benih hibrida. Tiga aksesi kapas yaitu KI 487, KI 489, dan KI 494 yang memiliki persentase tanaman mandul jantan masing-masing 60,8%, 57,5%, dan 65% telah digunakan sebagai donor sifat mandul jantan dan telah dilakukan introgresi sifat mandul jantan dari ketiga aksesi tersebut ke varietas komersial Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9 melalui persilangan pada tahun 2006 dan diperoleh 9 set kombinasi persilangan. Pada tahun 2007, evaluasi potensi galur dilakukan terhadap 8 galur F1 mandul jantan, 3 tetua jantan yaitu varietas Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9, serta satu varietas baru yaitu Kanesia 12 sebagai pembanding yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 3 kali. Plot percobaan berukuran 3 x 10 m 2 dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm; satu tanaman per lubang. Dosis pupuk yang digunakan adalah 100 kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 + 100kg KCL per ha. Tidak dilakukan pengendalian hama dengan insektisida kimia selama penelitian. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah kemandulan benangsari secara visual dan mikroskopis, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan secara visual dan mikroskopis terhadap struktur bunga menunjukkan bahwa semua individu tanaman dari 8 galur F1 yang diuji adalah mandul jantan. Jumlah buah galur mandul jantan 7 – 96% lebih banyak tetapi ukuran buahnya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Kanesia. Galur-galur mandul jantan KI 494 x Kanesia 7 dan KI 494 x Kanesia 8 memberikan hasil kapas berbiji paling tinggi masing-masing 2.609kg dan 2.153kg per hektar dibandingkan dengan galur-galur lain, atau sebesar 94 % dan 95% dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7 dan Kanesia 8. Persilangan alami galur-galur tersebut bervariasi sebesar 51 – 95%. Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum. L., mandul jantan, benih hibrida ABSTRACT Cotton yield potential of F1 male sterile lines under natural crossing Cotton hybrid seed production can be done by manual crossing and by using male steril line methods. The manual crossing technique is however labor dan cost intensive, and the cost can only be reduced by using male sterile lines. The experiment was conducted in Karangploso Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java, from April to Oktober 2007 aiming to evaluate the yield potential of cotton male sterile lines. Three cotton accessions e.i KI 487, KI 489, and KI 494 which have male sterility percentage of 60.8%, 57.5%, and 65%, respectively, were used as donor for male sterility and were then introgressed to three commercial cotton variety, Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9 through manual crossing, and that resulted in nine sets of crossing combinations. In 2007, yield potential were studied including 8 F1 male sterile lines, 3 male parent lines (Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9), and one new cotton variety, Kanesia 12, as control in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Plot size was 3 x 10 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing; one plant per hill. Fertilizer dosage was 100kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 + 100kg KCl per ha. Chemical insecticide was not used for insect protection during the research. Parameters observed were plants male sterility, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. The experimental result showed that both visual and microscopic observation of male sterility on individual plants confirmed that the eight F1 lines tested were male sterile. Number of bolls per plant of male sterile lines were 7 – 96% higher than that of Kanesia’s, but boll size was smaller. Lines KI 494 x Kanesia 7 and KI 494 x Kanesia 8 produced highest cotton seed yield of 2609 kg and 2153 kg per hectar, respectively, which were 94% and 95% of that of their male parents, Kanesia 7 and Kanesia 8, respectively. Natural crossing of those lines varied around 51 – 95%. Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L., male sterile, hybrid seed

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RATIO OPTIMUM GALUR MANDUL JANTAN (A line) DAN GALUR PEMULIH KESUBURAN (R line) PADA PRODUKSI BENIH HIBRIDA KAPAS

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v19n2.2013.51-57 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

SIWI SUMARTINI ◽

ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN ◽

M. MACHFUD ◽

E. SULISTYOWATI

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Block Design ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Cotton Yield ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Seed Cotton Yield ◽

Natural Pollination

ABSTRAK Teknologi kapas hibrida merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi kapas nasional. Sampai saat ini belum tersedia varietas kapas hibrida nasional untuk program pengembangan kapas nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ratio galur (A line) mandul jantan dan galur pemulih kesuburan (R line) yang optimum untuk menghasilkan benih hibrida kapas paling tinggi dengan cara persilangan alami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian-Lumajang, Jawa Timur mulai Januari sampai Desember 2011. Percobaan ini terdiri dari satu pembanding T1 dengan penyerbukan manual dan 5 perbandingan ratio (A line : R line) yang berbeda, yaitu T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2), T5 (6:2), dan T6 (7:2) dengan penyerbukan alami. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali dengan luas petak masing-masing perlakuan 25 m x 5 m. Benih kapas ditanam dengan jarak 125 cm x 25 cm. Pupuk yang diberikan sebanyak 300 kg pupuk majemuk (15 N:15 P 2 O 5 :15 K 2 O) dan 100 kg pupuk Urea/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penyerbukan manual (T1) menghasilkan kapas berbiji sebanyak 1023 kg/ha, nyata paling tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan dengan penyerbukan alami. Terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat nyata antara hasil kapas berbiji dengan jumlah populasi (r = 0.75967). Hasil kapas berbiji tidak berbeda pada perlakuan T2 sampai T6 yang bervariasi antara 377- 452 kg kapas berbiji/ha, dengan efisiensi penyerbukan alami sebesar 37–45%. Untuk produksi benih hibrida dengan persilangan alami dapat digunakan ratio 7 baris tetua betina dan 2 baris tetua jantan (perlakuan T6). Harga benih hibrida kapas yang dihasilkan dengan cara penyerbukan alami sebesar Rp. 98.571,-/kg sedangkan dengan cara penyerbukan manual sebesar Rp. 101.826,-/kg. Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, mandul jantan, pemulih kesuburan, penyerbukan manual, penyerbukan alamiABSTRACT Hybrid cotton technology is an attempt to increase the national cotton production. Hybrid cotton varieties is not yet available for the national cotton development program. This study was aimed at determining optimum ratio of male sterile lines (A line) and restorers (R line) lines for producing high hybrid cotton seed yield. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Garden Pasirian-Lumajang, East Java from January to December 2011. This experiment consisted of T1 with manual pollination (control), and 5 different ratios (A line : R line) with natural pollination namely T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2 ), T5 (6:2) and T6 (7:2). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications, plot size was 25 m x 5 m of each. Seeds were sown with a distance of 125 cm x 25 cm. Fertilizers given were 300 kg of compound fertilizer (15 N: 15 P 2 O 5 : 15 K 2 O) and 100 kg Urea /ha. From this research it was found out that the T1 treatment by manual pollination produced as much 1023 kg seed cotton yield / ha, was the highest compared to natural pollination treatments. There was high correlation between seed cotton yield and plant population (r = 0.75967). Seed cotton yield of T2 to T6 treatments was not significantly different, which varies between 377-452 kg/ha, with natural pollination efficiency of 37-45%. Therefore, for cotton hybrid seed production based male sterility by natural crossing, 7 rows of female lines and 2 rows of male lines ratio (treatment T6) can be used. Price of cotton hybrid seed by natural pollination as much as Rp. 98,571, - /kg while by manual pollination as much as Rp. 101, 826, - /kg. Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, male sterile, restorer, manual pollination, natural pollination

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CHARACTERIZATION OF A MALE-STERILE SYSTEM WITH A CLOSELY LINKED SEEDLING MARKER TO FACILITATE F1 HYBRID TOMATO SEED PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1168e ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1168e-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward C. Tigchelaar

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Seed Production ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

F1 Hybrid

The coupling phase linkages have been synthesized between the gene aw (without anthocyanin) and the male sterile gene ms15 (and its alleles ms26, ms47, and an Israeli source of male sterility). Less than 2 map units separate aw and ms15 on chromosome 2, providing a convenient seedling marker gene to rapidly identify male sterility for both inbred development and hybrid seed production. The seedling marker also provides a convenient marker to rapidly assess hybrid seed purity. Unique features of each of the alleles involved in male sterility and their use in inbred and hybrid development will be described.

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Identification and Confirmation of RAPD and SCAR Markers Linked to the ms-3 Gene Controlling Male Sterility in Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.6.0819 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 819-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Soon O. Park ◽

Kevin M. Crosby ◽

Rongfeng Huang ◽

T. Erik Mirkov

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Seed Production ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Scar Marker ◽

Rapd Marker ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Scar Markers ◽

Male Sterile ◽

The Cross

Male sterility is an important trait of melon in F1 hybrid seed production. Molecular markers linked to a male-sterile gene would be useful in transferring male sterility into fertile melon cultivars and breeding lines. However, markers linked to the ms-3 gene for male sterility present in melon have not been reported. Our objectives were to identify randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the ms-3 gene controlling male sterility using bulked segregant analysis in an F2 population from the melon cross of line ms-3 (male-sterile) × `TAM Dulce' (male-fertile), convert the most tightly linked RAPD marker to the ms-3 gene into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker based on a specific forward and reverse 20-mer primer pair, and confirm the linkage of the RAPD and SCAR markers with the ms-3 gene in an F2 population from the cross of line ms-3 × `Mission' (male-fertile). A single recessive gene controlling male sterility was found in F2 individuals and confirmed in F3 families. Two RAPD markers that displayed an amplified DNA fragment in the male-sterile bulk were detected to be linked to the ms-3 gene in the F2 population from the cross of line ms-3 × `TAM Dulce'. RAPD marker OAM08.650 was closely linked to the ms-3 gene at 2.1 cM. SCAR marker SOAM08.644 was developed on the basis of the specific primer pair designed from the sequence of the RAPD marker OAM08.650. The linked RAPD and SCAR markers were confirmed in the F2 population from the cross of line ms-3 × `Mission' to be consistently linked to the ms-3 gene at 5.2 cM. These markers were also present in 22 heterozygous fertile F1 plants having the ms-3 gene. The RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the ms-3 gene identified, and confirmed here could be utilized for backcrossing of male sterility into elite melon cultivars and lines for use as parents for F1 hybrid seed production.

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Identification of molecular markers associated with genic male sterility in tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through bulk segregant analysis using a cotton SNP 63K array

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/25/2017-cjgpb ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 154-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dharmalingam Raja ◽

Marappan Saravana Kumar ◽

Ponnuswamy Renuka Devi ◽

Sankaran Loganathan ◽

Kamalasekharan Ramya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Seed Production ◽

Bulk Segregant Analysis ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Cotton Hybrid ◽

Short Time

Genic male sterility (GMS) is one of the most important economic traits for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrid seed production. The GMS trait conferred by two recessive alleles ms5 and ms6 in homozygous constitution is widely used for cotton hybrid seed production in India. Identification of molecular markers closely linked to the ms5 and ms6 alleles would be useful in effective transferring in a short time male-sterility genes into cultivars or elite lines using marker-assisted backcrossing. Here, we describe a quick method to identify markers for GMS genes using bulk segregant analysis (BSA) in the interspecific (G. hirsutum × G. hirsutum) biparental population. The parents and bulks were genotyped with a cotton single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 63K array that contains 63 058 SNP markers including 45 104 intraspecific and 17 954 interspecific SNP markers. Four SNP markers were found to be linked with the Ms5 and Ms6 genes. The markers i23493Gh and i46470Gh linked with the Ms5 gene, and other two markers i08605Gh and i08573Gh linked with the Ms6 gene are located on chromosome 12 and 26, respectively. A simple and cost effective tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (tetra-primer ARMS-PCR) assay was optimized for screening a large number of breeding samples with the identified SNP markers in a short time. The molecular markers developed in this study will facilitate the marker-assisted selection (MAS) and accelerate the development of new GMS lines to use in cotton hybrid seed production.

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Characterization of the Mitochondrial Genome of a Wheat AL-Type Male Sterility Line and the Candidate CMS Gene

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6388

Author(s):

Miaomiao Hao ◽

Wenlong Yang ◽

Weiwen Lu ◽

Linhe Sun ◽

Muhammad Shoaib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Seed Production ◽

Structure Prediction ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Cms Line ◽

Generation Sequencing

Heterosis utilization is very important in hybrid seed production. An AL-type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line has been used in wheat-hybrid seed production, but its sterility mechanism has not been explored. In the present study, we sequenced and verified the candidate CMS gene in the AL-type sterile line (AL18A) and its maintainer line (AL18B). In the late uni-nucleate stage, the tapetum cells of AL18A showed delayed programmed cell death (PCD) and termination of microspore at the bi-nucleate stage. As compared to AL18B, the AL18A line produced 100% aborted pollens. The mitochondrial genomes of AL18A and AL18B were sequenced using the next generation sequencing such as Hiseq and PacBio. It was found that the mitochondrial genome of AL18A had 99% similarity with that of Triticum timopheevii, AL18B was identical to that of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Yumai. Based on transmembrane structure prediction, 12 orfs were selected as candidate CMS genes, including a previously suggested orf256. Only the lines harboring orf279 showed sterility in the transgenic Arabidopsis system, indicating that orf279 is the CMS gene in the AL-type wheat CMS lines. These results provide a theoretical basis and data support to further analyze the mechanism of AL-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat.

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Male Sterility and its Commercial Exploitation in Hybrid Seed Production of Vegetable Crops: A Review

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-1880 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Pramod Sharma ◽

Sunil A Nair ◽

Payal Sharma

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Seed Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Scale Production ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Large Scale Production

Male sterility is described as absence of functional pollen grains in hermaphrodite flowers facilitating large scale production of hybrid seeds in vegetable crops. It eases hybrid seed production at commercial level in crops like tomato, chilli, capsicum, carrot, onion, cabbage, cauliflower and cucurbits. Male sterility would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production by limiting the labour making it efficient and economical. Incorporation of biotechnological tools in conventional plant breeding techniques would aid the breeders in limiting the drawbacks surrounding exploitation of male sterility for development of new hybrids. The present review is an attempt to summarize and to know the commercial utilization of male sterile line in hybrid seed production of vegetables.

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Evaluation of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests of F7 Cotton Lines with Brown Fiber

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.189-198 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

EMY SULISTYOWATI ◽

SIWI SUMARTINI ◽

SUJAK SUJAK ◽

M. MACHFUD ◽

SUHADI SUHADI

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Cotton Yield ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Seed Cotton Yield ◽

Fiber Fineness ◽

Brown Fiber

ABSTRACT Coloured cotton has been used since 3400-2300 BC. Historically, it has been used prior to allotetraploid cotton which are now planted (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) of which some have brown and green fiber. The use of coloured cotton is environmentally friendly, and the demand for it will be increasing in relation with the increased demand of organic cotton. The research was aiming to evaluate of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests ofF7 promising cotton lineswith brown fiber for the development of national cotton new varieties with brown fiber. The experiment was carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang on Januari-December 2013. 14 F7 lines resulted from 2006 crosses and two control varieties were tested in Randomised Blocked Design. There were two unit tests, the spray and unspray test, each was replicated three times. Plot size was 3 x 10m2 with plant spacing was made of 100 x 25 cm in which one single plant per hole was maintained. observation was done on growth and generative components, seed cotton yield, and field tolerance component. Experimental result showed that line 06063/5 was consistently shown high seed cotton yield under spray (2348,3 kg/ha) and unspray conditions (2372,8 kg/ha). Under unspray condition, there were four promising lines which were yielded higher that the best control varieties (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha), i.e. 06063/5 (2372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), and 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). In addition, the best line showingthe highest field tolerance index was 06066/2 (110,5%). There were only two lines which had fiber length of ≥ 1 inch (25,4 mm), i.e. 06067/4 and 06062/1. It terms of fiber strength, genetic improvement achieved was ranging from 0,81 to 11,54% better than Kanesia 10, but 8,11 – 17,64% worse than Kanesia 8. Nine lines which had their fiber fineness 3,0 – 3,8 mic which are met the industry’s demand. Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L., coloured cotton, productivity, field tolerance index EVALUASI PRODUKTIVITAS, MUTU SERAT, DAN KETAHANAN TERHADAP HAMA GALUR-GALUR F7 KAPAS BE RSERAT COKLATABSTRAK Kapas dengan serat berwarna non-putih telah digunakan sejak tahun 3400-2300 sebelum Masehi. Sejarah perkembangannya diperkirakan lebih awal dibandingkan kapas allotetraploid yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) yang beberapa memiliki warna serat coklat dan hijau. Penggunaan serat kapas berwarna sangat ramah lingkungan dan pemanfaatannya akan meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya permintaan kapas organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi produktivitas, mutu serat dan ketahanan terhadap hama galur-galur harapan F7 kapas dengan serat berwarna coklat dalam rangka mengembangkan varietas kapas nasional berserat coklat.Penelitian menguji 14 galur F7 hasil persilangan tahun 2006 dan dua varietas pembanding dilaksanakan di KP Pasirian, Lumajang pada bulan Januari- Desember 2013; disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Terdapat dua unit pengujian yaitu pengujian dengan pengendalian hama optimal (SPRAY atau S) dan pengujian tanpa pengendalian hama (TANPA SPRAY atau TS) masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Ukuran plot adalah 3 x 10m2; jarak tanam adalah 100 x 25 cm dan pada masing-masing lubang tanam dipelihara satu tanaman. Pengamatan komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil, hasil kapas berbiji, dan komponen ketahanan dilakukan untuk menilai penampilan galur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur 06063/5 secara konsisten menunjukkan produksi kapas berbiji yang cukup tinggi baik dalam kondisi dengan pengendalian hama (2 348,3 kg/ha) maupun tanpa pengendalian hama (2372,8 kg/ha). Pada kondisi tanpa pengendalian hama, terdapat empat galur yang lebih unggul dibandingkan varietas pembanding terbaik (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha) yaitu 06063/5 (2 372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2 235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), dan 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). Selain itu, galur yang menunjukkan indeks ketahanan lapang terbaik adalah 06066/2 (110,5%). Hanya terdapat dua galur yang panjang seratnya ≥ 1 inchi (25,4 mm), yaitu 06067/4 dan 06062/1. Apabila dibandingkan Kanesia 10, diperoleh kemajuan dalam hal kekuatan serat sebesar 0,81-11,54%. Tetapi apabila dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 8, maka kekuatan serat dari galur-galur yang diuji lebih rendah 8,11 – 17,64%. Terdapat sembilan galur yang kehalusan seratnya dikelompokkan pada kategori diterima oleh industri (3,0 – 3,8 mic). Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., kapas dengan serat berwarna, produktivitas, indeks ketahanan lapang.

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