scholarly journals RATIO OPTIMUM GALUR MANDUL JANTAN (A line) DAN GALUR PEMULIH KESUBURAN (R line) PADA PRODUKSI BENIH HIBRIDA KAPAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
SIWI SUMARTINI ◽  
ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN ◽  
M. MACHFUD ◽  
E. SULISTYOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Natural Pollination

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Teknologi kapas hibrida merupakan salah satu upaya untuk<br />meningkatkan produksi kapas nasional. Sampai saat ini belum tersedia<br />varietas kapas hibrida nasional untuk program pengembangan kapas<br />nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ratio galur (A line) mandul<br />jantan dan galur pemulih kesuburan (R line) yang optimum untuk<br />menghasilkan benih hibrida kapas paling tinggi dengan cara persilangan<br />alami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian-Lumajang,<br />Jawa Timur mulai Januari sampai Desember 2011. Percobaan ini terdiri<br />dari satu pembanding T1 dengan penyerbukan manual dan 5 perbandingan<br />ratio (A line : R line) yang berbeda, yaitu T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2), T5<br />(6:2), dan T6 (7:2) dengan penyerbukan alami. Perlakuan disusun dalam<br />Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali dengan luas petak<br />masing-masing perlakuan 25 m x 5 m. Benih kapas ditanam dengan jarak<br />125 cm x 25 cm. Pupuk yang diberikan sebanyak 300 kg pupuk majemuk<br />(15 N:15 P 2 O 5 :15 K 2 O) dan 100 kg pupuk Urea/ha. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penyerbukan manual (T1) menghasilkan<br />kapas berbiji sebanyak 1023 kg/ha, nyata paling tinggi dibandingkan<br />perlakuan dengan penyerbukan alami. Terdapat korelasi positif yang<br />sangat nyata antara hasil kapas berbiji dengan jumlah populasi (r =<br />0.75967). Hasil kapas berbiji tidak berbeda pada perlakuan T2 sampai T6<br />yang bervariasi antara 377- 452 kg kapas berbiji/ha, dengan efisiensi<br />penyerbukan alami sebesar 37–45%. Untuk produksi benih hibrida dengan<br />persilangan alami dapat digunakan ratio 7 baris tetua betina dan 2 baris<br />tetua jantan (perlakuan T6). Harga benih hibrida kapas yang dihasilkan<br />dengan cara penyerbukan alami sebesar Rp. 98.571,-/kg sedangkan dengan<br />cara penyerbukan manual sebesar Rp. 101.826,-/kg.<br />Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, mandul jantan, pemulih kesuburan,<br />penyerbukan manual, penyerbukan alami</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Hybrid cotton technology is an attempt to increase the national<br />cotton production. Hybrid cotton varieties is not yet available for the<br />national cotton development program. This study was aimed at<br />determining optimum ratio of male sterile lines (A line) and restorers (R<br />line) lines for producing high hybrid cotton seed yield. The experiment<br />was conducted in the Experimental Garden Pasirian-Lumajang, East Java<br />from January to December 2011. This experiment consisted of T1 with<br />manual pollination (control), and 5 different ratios (A line : R line) with<br />natural pollination namely T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2 ), T5 (6:2) and T6<br />(7:2). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with<br />3 replications, plot size was 25 m x 5 m of each. Seeds were sown with<br />a distance of 125 cm x 25 cm. Fertilizers given were 300 kg of compound<br />fertilizer (15 N: 15 P 2 O 5 : 15 K 2 O) and 100 kg Urea /ha. From this research<br />it was found out that the T1 treatment by manual pollination produced as<br />much 1023 kg seed cotton yield / ha, was the highest compared to natural<br />pollination treatments. There was high correlation between seed cotton<br />yield and plant population (r = 0.75967). Seed cotton yield of T2 to T6<br />treatments was not significantly different, which varies between 377-452<br />kg/ha, with natural pollination efficiency of 37-45%. Therefore, for cotton<br />hybrid seed production based male sterility by natural crossing, 7 rows of<br />female lines and 2 rows of male lines ratio (treatment T6) can be used.<br />Price of cotton hybrid seed by natural pollination as much as Rp. 98,571, -<br />/kg while by manual pollination as much as Rp. 101, 826, - /kg.<br />Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, male sterile, restorer, manual pollination,<br />natural pollination</p>

scholarly journals POTENSI HASIL GALUR-GALUR F1 MANDUL JANTAN KAPAS PADA PERSILANGAN ALAMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
SIWI SUMARTINI ◽  
EMY SULISTYOWATI ◽  
SRI RUSTINI ◽  
ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Natural Crossing

ABSTRAK<br />Produksi benih varietas kapas hibrida dapat ditempuh dengan dua<br />cara, yaitu dengan persilangan manual dan dengan memanfaatkan galur<br />mandul jantan (male-sterile line). Memproduksi benih kapas secara<br />persilangan manual memerlukan tenaga dan biaya yang tinggi, dan biaya<br />tersebut dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan galur male steril. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau<br />dan Serat, di Karangploso, Malang, Jawa Timur, dari bulan April sampai<br />Oktober 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi hasil<br />galur-galur mandul jantan kapas untuk memproduksi benih hibrida. Tiga<br />aksesi kapas yaitu KI 487, KI 489, dan KI 494 yang memiliki persentase<br />tanaman mandul jantan masing-masing 60,8%, 57,5%, dan 65% telah<br />digunakan sebagai donor sifat mandul jantan dan telah dilakukan introgresi<br />sifat mandul jantan dari ketiga aksesi tersebut ke varietas komersial<br />Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9 melalui persilangan pada tahun 2006<br />dan diperoleh 9 set kombinasi persilangan. Pada tahun 2007, evaluasi<br />potensi galur dilakukan terhadap 8 galur F1 mandul jantan, 3 tetua jantan<br />yaitu varietas Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9, serta satu varietas baru<br />yaitu Kanesia 12 sebagai pembanding yang disusun dalam rancangan acak<br />kelompok yang diulang 3 kali. Plot percobaan berukuran 3 x 10 m 2<br />dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm; satu tanaman per lubang. Dosis<br />pupuk yang digunakan adalah 100 kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 +<br />100kg KCL per ha. Tidak dilakukan pengendalian hama dengan<br />insektisida kimia selama penelitian. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah<br />kemandulan benangsari secara visual dan mikroskopis, jumlah buah per<br />tanaman, bobot buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan secara visual dan mikroskopis terhadap<br />struktur bunga menunjukkan bahwa semua individu tanaman dari 8 galur<br />F1 yang diuji adalah mandul jantan. Jumlah buah galur mandul jantan 7 –<br />96% lebih banyak tetapi ukuran buahnya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan<br />Kanesia. Galur-galur mandul jantan KI 494 x Kanesia 7 dan KI 494 x<br />Kanesia 8 memberikan hasil kapas berbiji paling tinggi masing-masing<br />2.609kg dan 2.153kg per hektar dibandingkan dengan galur-galur lain,<br />atau sebesar 94 % dan 95% dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7 dan Kanesia<br />8. Persilangan alami galur-galur tersebut bervariasi sebesar 51 – 95%.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum. L., mandul jantan, benih hibrida<br />ABSTRACT<br />Cotton yield potential of F1 male sterile lines under<br />natural crossing<br />Cotton hybrid seed production can be done by manual crossing and<br />by using male steril line methods. The manual crossing technique is<br />however labor dan cost intensive, and the cost can only be reduced by<br />using male sterile lines. The experiment was conducted in Karangploso<br />Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java, from April to Oktober 2007<br />aiming to evaluate the yield potential of cotton male sterile lines. Three<br />cotton accessions e.i KI 487, KI 489, and KI 494 which have male sterility<br />percentage of 60.8%, 57.5%, and 65%, respectively, were used as donor<br />for male sterility and were then introgressed to three commercial cotton<br />variety, Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9 through manual crossing, and<br />that resulted in nine sets of crossing combinations. In 2007, yield potential<br />were studied including 8 F1 male sterile lines, 3 male parent lines (Kanesia<br />7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9), and one new cotton variety, Kanesia 12, as<br />control in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Plot size was 3 x<br />10 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing; one plant per hill. Fertilizer<br />dosage was 100kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 + 100kg KCl per ha.<br />Chemical insecticide was not used for insect protection during the<br />research. Parameters observed were plants male sterility, number of bolls<br />per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. The experimental result<br />showed that both visual and microscopic observation of male sterility on<br />individual plants confirmed that the eight F1 lines tested were male sterile.<br />Number of bolls per plant of male sterile lines were 7 – 96% higher than<br />that of Kanesia’s, but boll size was smaller. Lines KI 494 x Kanesia 7 and<br />KI 494 x Kanesia 8 produced highest cotton seed yield of 2609 kg and<br />2153 kg per hectar, respectively, which were 94% and 95% of that of their<br />male parents, Kanesia 7 and Kanesia 8, respectively. Natural crossing of<br />those lines varied around 51 – 95%.<br />Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L., male sterile, hybrid seed

Cover Crops Suppression of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus G. Palhano ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Tom Barber
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Weed Emergence

AbstractWith the recent confirmation of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-resistant Palmer amaranth in the US South, concern is increasing about the sustainability of weed management in cotton production systems. Cover crops can help to alleviate this problem, as they can suppress weed emergence via allelochemicals and/or a physical residue barrier. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 at the Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center to evaluate various cover crops for suppressing weed emergence and protecting cotton yield. In both years, cereal rye and wheat had the highest biomass production, whereas the amount of biomass present in spring did not differ among the remaining cover crops. All cover crops initially diminished Palmer amaranth emergence. However, cereal rye provided the greatest suppression, with 83% less emergence than in no cover crop plots. Physical suppression of Palmer amaranth and other weeds with cereal residues is probably the greatest contributor to reducing weed emergence. Seed cotton yield in the legume and rapeseed cover crop plots were similar when compared with the no cover crop treatment. The seed cotton yield collected from cereal cover crop plots was lower than from other treatments due to decreased cotton stand.

scholarly journals Gene Action Studies in the Inheritance of Yield and Quality Attributing Traits in Diallel Cross of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
V. J. Zapadiya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Genetic Components

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the 45 F1 hybrids derived from 10×10 half diallel fashion along with ten parents and one standard check GN.Cot.Hy-14 were sown in randomized block design with three replications during kharif -2017 at Cotton Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The genetic components of variation were determined for 12 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 50% boll opening, plant height (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g), ginning percentage (%), seed index (g), lint index (g) and oil percentage (%).The estimate of the components of variation revealed significant results for both additive (D) as well as dominance effects (H1 and H2) for all the characters except plant height non-significant H2 component, but in majority of traits (except plant height, lint index) H1 was higher than D indicating dominance components were important in the inheritance of seed cotton yield and its components. The average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 was found to be more than unity for all the traits (except plant height, number of monopodia per plant and lint index indicating partial dominance) indicating over dominance. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents was observed for all the traits. High estimates of heritability in narrow sense was observed for days to 50% flowering, days to 50 % boll bursting, number of monopodia per plant, ginning percentage (%), lint index (g) and oil content (%) suggesting that selection based on these attribute would lead to rapid improvement. Due to preponderance of non-additive gene effects of seed cotton yield per plant and most of its component traits, heterosis breeding would also be practically feasible in cotton.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF COTTON TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SPACING BETWEEN HOLES

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alubaidi & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

This experiment was conducted at the farm of field crop department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during two summer seasons (2010 and 2011) in order to know the response of cotton var. Lashata to nitrogen levels and spacing between holes. A randomized complete block design under arrangement of split plot with four replications was used. The plant spacing; 10, 20 and 30 cm between holes and 75 cm between rows considered as main plots, while three nitrogen levels (150, 200 and 250 Kg N.ha-1) are considered as sub plots. The results showed that using 10 cm between hills were significantly superior in boll weight (3.69 and 4.26) gm.boll-1, seed cotton yield (3.03 and 3.6) t.ha-1 and lint yield (1.13 and 1.30) t.ha-1 in both seasons 2010 and 2011 respectively. While, 30 cm spacing significantly superior in number of open bolls (12.10 and 13.6) bolls.plant-1 and ginning percentage (39.05 and 37.44)% in both seasons respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer 250 kg N ha-1 was significantly superior in dehiscence bolls number, seed cotton yield, lint yield and ginning percentage in both seasons 2010 and 2011 respectively. It can be concluded that 'using 10 cm spacing between holes with 250 kg N ha-1 to achieve highest seed cotton yield.  

Effect of cycocel on the growth, abscission and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-491
Author(s):  
G. S. Dhillon ◽  
D. S. Kler ◽  
Des Raj
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield

A large number of flower buds, flowers and premature bolls of cotton are shed without contributing to seed-cotton yield. Abscission may be affected by environmental factors. It may, therefore, be possible to reduce it by modifying the micro-environment within the crop canopy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document