PENETAPAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK NILAM (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS DENGAN TEKNIK RAPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
YANG NURYANI ◽  
OTIH ROSTIANA ◽  
CHEPPY SYUKUR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

<p>Keragaman genetik dan kckerabatan tanaman nilam hasil fusi protoplas antara Nilam Jawa (Girilaya) dan Nilam Aceh (Sidikalang dan TT 75) dianalisis dengan menggunakan penanda RAPD. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 genotipa yang tcrdiri dari 3 tetua dan 6 tanaman hibrida somatik (9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 dan 9 II 10). Primer yang digunakan dalam analisis tcrdiri atas 5 primer acak yaitu OPD 03, OPD 20, OPH 09, OPH 19 dan Abi 117.17. DNA dickstraksi dengan metode OROZCO-CASTJLLO et al. (1994) yang sudah dimodifikasi. Konsentrasi DNA ditetapkan dengan metode sambrook el al. (1989) dengan pcrbandingan kuantifikasi spektrofotometrik. Koefisien kemiripan dan kckerabatan antar genotipa dianalisis dengan menggunakan program NTsys ver. 1.80 dan UPGMA untuk menentukan sidik gerombol dan dendogram. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien kemiipan dari amplifikasi DNA dengan 5 primer acak dari ke- 9 genotipa berkisar antara 0.48-1.0. Berdasarkan niatrik jarak genetik, kescmbilan genotipa tanaman yang diuji membentuk 2 kelompok besar yaitu kelompok I, tetua Girilaya (Nilam Jawa) dan kelompok II tcrdiri dari tetua Sidikalang dan TT 75 (Nilam Aceh) serta hibrida somatik. Kelompok II, tcrbagi menjadi dua sub kelompok yaitu sub kelompok I (9 II 33 dan 9 II 7) dan sub kelompok II yang tcrdii dari sub-sub kelompok II-I (9 II 21, S, TT 75) dan sub-sub kelompok II-II (2 IV 8, 9 IV 14, 9 II 10).</p><p>Kata kunci: Pogostemon sp., fusi protoplas, keragaman genetik, RAPD</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACTS </strong></p><p><strong>Assessment of genetic variability of patchoulli (Pogostemon sp.,) derived from protoplast fussion using RAPD </strong></p><p>Somatic hybrids of Pogostemon heyneaneus (cv. Girilaya) X P. cablin (cv. Sidikalang and TT 75) were tested for their genetic variability and relationship. The somatic hybrids tested were 9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 and 9 II 10. DNA of the plant materials used were extracted by using the modified method of orozcocastulo et al. (1994) and quantified spectrophotometrically according to SAMBROOK el al. (1989). Five random primers, OPD 03. OPD 20, OPH 09. OPH 19 and Abi 117.17, were applied to amplify the extracted DNA. The genetic relationship among the somatic hybrids were estimated by using the index of similarity to perform genctical matrix and dendogram. Index of similarity among genotypes were calculated by using NTsys ver. 1.80 program. Then, cluster analyses to perform dendogram were achieved based on similarity estimates by using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). Results showed that index of similarities of the amplified DNA from 5 random primers ranged from 0.48 to 1.0. The somatic hybrids and their parental plants subjected to RAPD analyses were classified into 2 major groups, first, the parental group of Java patchouli and second, others parental plants, Aceh patchouli (Sidikalang and TT 75), and the somatic hybrids. The second group was then classified into 2 minor groups. First group consisted of somatic hybrids nos. 9 II 33 and 9 II 7, while the second were classified into 2 groups which consisted nos. 9 II 21, S, TT 75 and nos. 2 IV 8, 9 IV 14 and 9 II 10.</p><p>Key words : Pogostemon sp., protoplast fusion, genetic variability, RAPD</p>

RAPD analysis of cultivated and wild yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Abad ◽  
Bernardo Pascual ◽  
José V. Maroto ◽  
Salvador López-Galarza ◽  
María J. Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Cultivated and weedy clones of yellow nutsedge were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to assess the polymorphism within the species and determine if this approach was suitable for identification of cultivar and wild populations. The RAPD markers unambiguously identified all studied clones. Nei-Li similarities were computed and used in an unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analyses. Cultivated and weedy clones were clustered in two groups, but two cultivated clones were more closely related to weedy clones than to cultivated clones. The results showed a high level of genetic variability among the clones tested, particularly among the cultivated ones. Identification of yellow nutsedge cultivars and analysis of genetic diversity within and among weedy populations is possible by using only a small number of primers. In this study, seven selected primers discriminated among the 10 tested clones.

scholarly journals Caracterização de acessos de pimentas do Amazonas

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucifrancy V Costa ◽  
Jânia LS Bentes ◽  
Maria TG Lopes ◽  
Silfran RM Alves ◽  
Januário M Viana Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
International Plant ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

No Brasil é encontrada ampla variabilidade de pimentas do gênero Capsicum sendo a Amazônia um importante centro de diversidade. Informações a respeito da diversidade em coleção de germoplasma servem, entre outros objetivos, para dar suporte aos programas de melhoramento de espécies cultivadas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar morfologicamente e estimar a diversidade genética entre 40 acessos de pimentas coletadas no Amazonas, pertencentes à coleção da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Foram utilizados descritores morfológicos recomendados pelo IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) para o gênero Capsicum e análise sensorial para pungência e aroma. Utilizando 17 descritores, identificados como essenciais, foi calculada a similaridade genética entre os acessos por meio do coeficiente de similaridade geral de Gower. Para o agrupamento dos acessos foi utilizado o método hierárquico das médias das distâncias UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using an Arithmetic Average) e a representação gráfica da similaridade entre eles feita pelo método de Análise de Coordenadas Principais (PCO). Três espécies foram identificadas, sendo 35 de C. chinense um de C. baccatum e quatro acessos de C. frutescens. Houve variabilidade fenotípica principalmente nas características de frutos que mostraram diferenças quanto ao tamanho, formato, coloração e pungência. Foram identificadas duas pimenteiras do morfotipo murupi, duas dedo de moça, quatro malagueta, sete olho de peixe, 13 pimentas de cheiro e 12 pimentas curabiá. As análises de agrupamento e dispersão gráfica foram concordantes em agrupar os acessos com pequena distância genética. Os acessos estudados apresentaram ampla variabilidade entre e dentro das espécies identificadas.

scholarly journals Diversidade genética entre três linhagens de codorna selecionadas para produção de ovos

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Prioli ◽  
E. Gasparino ◽  
M.A.M. Soares ◽  
D.S. Marques ◽  
D.V. Blanck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

A diversidade genética entre três linhagens de codorna (Coturnix japônica) foi avaliada utilizando-se a técnica de random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). As linhagens selecionadas para produção de ovos foram identificadas como amarela, azul e vermelha por meio de anilhas no pé esquerdo. Seis primers de RAPD amplificaram 55 loci, os quais geraram padrão de bandas intensa e reproduzível em gel de agarose. Os resultados indicaram polimorfismos dentro e entre as linhagens. A similaridade de Jaccard média e o índice de diversidade Shannon revelaram alta diversidade dentro das linhagens de codornas. O teste de Mantel por meio do algoritmo unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) e a dispersão de coordenadas principais indicaram diferenciação genética significativa, embora em baixo nível. Os resultados sugerem que a diversidade genética dentro e entre as linhagens de codornas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá são promissoras para uso em programas de melhoramento.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Fenotip dan Kekerabatan Varietas Jagung Lokal Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Polikarpia Wilhelmina Bani
Keyword(s):  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Informasi mengenai karakter fenotip tanaman sangat penting dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi fenotip dan kekerabatan varietas jagung lokal Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Varietas jagung lokal Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ‘pena molo’, ‘pena fatu’, ‘pena kikis’, dan ‘pena boto’. Sebanyak 14 karakter fenotip diamati untuk menilai variasi genetik berdasarkan karakter fenotip. Pengukuran karakter fenotip didasarkan pada sifat-sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data fenotip selanjutnya diolah dengan program Multi Variate Statistical Package (MVSP) dengan metode UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average) dan Gower General Macthing Coefficient untuk mengkonstruksi dendogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koefisien kemiripan berdasarkan karakter fenotip adalah 0,43% – 1%.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Corynespora cassiicola isolates from Amazonas, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes ◽  
Francy Mary Galúcio Sousa ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes ◽  
Mágno Sávio Ferreira Valente ◽  
Fabíola Viana Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

ABSTRACT: Corynespora cassiicola is a cosmopolitan ascomycete widely known as phytopathogen in several crops, and more recently as an emerging pathogen in humans. In this study the genetic variability of 60 isolates of Corynespora cassiicola from different hosts and cities of Amazonas was evaluated, using AFLP molecular markers. Seven genetic groups were identified according to a dendrogram obtained by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetical Averages, indicating significant variability among the isolates. Three isolates of different hosts (28, obtained from papaya; 55, obtained from cucumber; and 58, from tomato) remained as single individuals in distinct groups, suggesting marked genetic variation in comparison to the other isolates and possible specificity by the host.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Tropical Strawberry Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
MA Sweety ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
NA Ivy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Genetic variability of tropical strawberry genotypes was determined through Ramdom Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Out of 14 RAPD primers six showed reproducible and polymorphic bands. The results revealed that the maximum polymorphic bands were produced by the primer OPB 12. Ten genotypes were differentiated into two clusters on the basis of Unweighted Pair Group Method With Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). Genotypic variation based on molecular characterization indicated that genotypes belonging to two different clusters depend on their genetic component. So, selection of parents from different clusters will provide the maximum heterosis in yield.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 33-39, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6830
Author(s):  
Murat Guney ◽  
Salih Kafkas ◽  
Hakan Keles ◽  
Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi ◽  
Muhammet Ali Gundesli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Principal Coordinates

The food needs for increasing population, climatic changes, urbanization and industrialization, along with the destruction of forests, are the main challenges of modern life. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate plant genetic resources in order to cope with these problems. Therefore, in this study, a set of ninety-one walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions from Central Anatolia region, composed of seventy-four accessions and eight commercial cultivars from Turkey, and nine international reference cultivars, was analyzed using 45 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers to reveal the genetic diversity. SSR analysis identified 390 alleles for 91 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 19 alleles with a mean value of 9 alleles per locus. Genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.03 to 0.68. The highest number of alleles was obtained from CUJRA212 locus (Na = 19). The values of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.42 (JRHR222528) to 0.86 (CUJRA212) with a mean PIC value of 0.68. Genetic distances were estimated according to the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average), Principal Coordinates (PCoA), and the Structure-based clustering. The UPGMA and Structure clustering of the accessions depicted five major clusters supporting the PCoA results. The dendrogram revealed the similarities and dissimilarities among the accessions by identifying five major clusters. Based on this study, SSR analyses indicate that Yozgat province has an important genetic diversity pool and rich genetic variance of walnuts.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity and Genetic Relatedness of Candida albicans Isolates from Birds in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
M. Domán ◽  
L. Makrai ◽  
Gy. Lengyel ◽  
R. Kovács ◽  
L. Majoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

AbstractThe molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans infections in animals has been rarely studied. In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to characterise the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 avian origin C. albicans isolates collected from different birds with candidiasis and compared to human isolates. Fourteen diploid sequence types (DSTs) including six new DSTs were determined. Cluster analysis revealed that isolates grouped into 8 clades. Bird isolates mainly belonged to minor clades and Clade 15 with DST 172 was the most common (11 isolates; 45.8%). The remaining isolates were clustered into Clade 7 (5 isolates; 20.8%), Clade 10 (4 isolates; 16.6%), Clade 8 (2 isolates; 8.3%), Clade 4 (1 isolate; 4.2%) and Clade 16 (1 isolate; 4.2%). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and eBURST analyses showed that the genetic construction of avian origin C. albicans population is fairly diverse. Although species-specific lineages were not found, some degree of separation in the evolution of bird and human strains could be observed.

scholarly journals Optimal use of SSR markers for varietal identification of upland cotton

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme da Silva Pereira ◽  
Ana Luíza Ramos Cazé ◽  
Michelle Garcia da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Cavalcante Almeida ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira da Cunha Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for varietal identification of cotton and evaluation of the genetic distance among the varieties. Initially, 92 SSR markers were genotyped in 20 Brazilian cotton cultivars. Of this total, 38 loci were polymorphic, two of which were amplified by one primer pair; the mean number of alleles per locus was 2.2. The values of polymorphic information content (PIC) and discrimination power (DP) were, on average, 0.374 and 0.433, respectively. The mean genetic distance was 0.397 (minimum of 0.092 and maximum of 0.641). A panel of 96 varieties originating from different regions of the world was assessed by 21 polymorphic loci derived from 17 selected primer pairs. Among these varieties, the mean genetic distance was 0.387 (minimum of 0 and maximum of 0.786). The dendrograms generated by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) did not reflect the regions of Brazil (20 genotypes) or around the world (96 genotypes), where the varieties or lines were selected. Bootstrap resampling shows that genotype identification is viable with 19 loci. The polymorphic markers evaluated are useful to perform varietal identification in a large panel of cotton varieties and may be applied in studies of the species diversity.

scholarly journals Padrões de infestação de comunidades de plantas daninhas no agroecossistema de cana-crua

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kuva ◽  
A.S. Ferraudo ◽  
R.A. Pitelli ◽  
P.L.C.A. Alves ◽  
T.P. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Objetivou-se neste trabalho a obtenção de padrões de infestação de plantas daninhas na cultura de cana-de-açúcar com histórico de colheita mecanizada sem queima prévia da palha. Foram realizadas amostragens em 28 talhões na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP; em cada talhão foram demarcadas unidades de avaliação e coleta, na proporção de duas por hectare, que consistiram de áreas (quatro linhas de 4 metros de comprimento) mantidas sem controle de plantas daninhas e onde foram realizadas as amostragens de plantas emergidas. As amostragens foram realizadas aos 120 dias após o corte, com quadrados vazados (0,5 x 0,5 m) lançados aleatoriamente duas vezes em cada uma das unidades de avaliação e coleta. Com os dados obtidos, calculou-se a importância relativa e o índice de agregação das espécies ou grupo de espécies. Esses índices foram usados no processamento da análise de agrupamento hierárquica, utilizando como medida de semelhança a distância euclidiana e como estratégia de agrupamento o método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using arithmetic Averages). Foi possível distinguir quatro grupos em função da importância relativa e cinco grupos de talhões em função do índice de agregação; dentro de alguns grupos houve formação de subgrupos.

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