scholarly journals Genetic variability of Corynespora cassiicola isolates from Amazonas, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes ◽  
Francy Mary Galúcio Sousa ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes ◽  
Mágno Sávio Ferreira Valente ◽  
Fabíola Viana Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

ABSTRACT: Corynespora cassiicola is a cosmopolitan ascomycete widely known as phytopathogen in several crops, and more recently as an emerging pathogen in humans. In this study the genetic variability of 60 isolates of Corynespora cassiicola from different hosts and cities of Amazonas was evaluated, using AFLP molecular markers. Seven genetic groups were identified according to a dendrogram obtained by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetical Averages, indicating significant variability among the isolates. Three isolates of different hosts (28, obtained from papaya; 55, obtained from cucumber; and 58, from tomato) remained as single individuals in distinct groups, suggesting marked genetic variation in comparison to the other isolates and possible specificity by the host.

Macrogeographic Genetic Variation in Populations of the Webbing Cone worm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Genetic variation among 14 populations of Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich adults was examined using starch gel electophoresis. The average number of alleles per locus exceeded 2.0 in all populations. The number of polymorphic loci exceeded 70% in 11 populations. Genetic structure data suggest moderate differentiation (average Fst, 0.111) among the populations. Most of the differentiation is attributable to three of the eight loci (MDH, ME, and IDH). Nei's genetic identity ranged from 0.77–1.00 between populations. A phenogram based on genetic identity and unweighted pair-group method of analysis (UPGMA) clustered five of six populations in North Carolina closely together. With a cophenetic correlation of 0.96 the phenogram constructed is acceptable.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Assay of Different Natural and Hatchery Populations of Rohu (Labeo rohita) in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Shikder Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Saifuddin Shah ◽  
Foyez Ibn Shams ◽  
Md. Rayhan Ali ◽  
Md. Lifat Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
High Level

The level of genetic variation determines the genetic status and provides the raw material for selective improvement of a stock. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to assess the genetic variability of 7 different natural (2) and hatchery (5) populations of Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Rohu) in Bangladsh. In total, 140 fish samples were collected (20 from each of the populations). Genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue, and 5 different oligonucleotide primers were used which revealed 80% polymorphic DNA bands. The polymorphic loci proportions were 0.71, 0.75, 0.75, 0.85, 0.84, 0.86 and 0.89 for Ma-Fatema hatchery, Chowdhuri hatchery, Niribili hatchery, Sonali hatchery, Kapotakha hatchery, the Halda river and the Baluhor Baor populations respectively. The pair-wise population differentiation (FST) values indicated a high level of genetic variation between different populations. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendogram based on Nei’s genetic distances also revealed high level of inter-population genetic variation among the populations. The populations were segregated into two groups: the Halda River and Baluhar Baor hatchery in one group and Kapotakha, Ma-Fatema, Chowdhuri, Niribili and Sonali hatcheries in another group. Overall, RAPD results clearly indicate the reduced genetic quality of the hatchery seeds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11923 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 30-36

PENETAPAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK NILAM (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS DENGAN TEKNIK RAPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
YANG NURYANI ◽  
OTIH ROSTIANA ◽  
CHEPPY SYUKUR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

<p>Keragaman genetik dan kckerabatan tanaman nilam hasil fusi protoplas antara Nilam Jawa (Girilaya) dan Nilam Aceh (Sidikalang dan TT 75) dianalisis dengan menggunakan penanda RAPD. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 genotipa yang tcrdiri dari 3 tetua dan 6 tanaman hibrida somatik (9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 dan 9 II 10). Primer yang digunakan dalam analisis tcrdiri atas 5 primer acak yaitu OPD 03, OPD 20, OPH 09, OPH 19 dan Abi 117.17. DNA dickstraksi dengan metode OROZCO-CASTJLLO et al. (1994) yang sudah dimodifikasi. Konsentrasi DNA ditetapkan dengan metode sambrook el al. (1989) dengan pcrbandingan kuantifikasi spektrofotometrik. Koefisien kemiripan dan kckerabatan antar genotipa dianalisis dengan menggunakan program NTsys ver. 1.80 dan UPGMA untuk menentukan sidik gerombol dan dendogram. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien kemiipan dari amplifikasi DNA dengan 5 primer acak dari ke- 9 genotipa berkisar antara 0.48-1.0. Berdasarkan niatrik jarak genetik, kescmbilan genotipa tanaman yang diuji membentuk 2 kelompok besar yaitu kelompok I, tetua Girilaya (Nilam Jawa) dan kelompok II tcrdiri dari tetua Sidikalang dan TT 75 (Nilam Aceh) serta hibrida somatik. Kelompok II, tcrbagi menjadi dua sub kelompok yaitu sub kelompok I (9 II 33 dan 9 II 7) dan sub kelompok II yang tcrdii dari sub-sub kelompok II-I (9 II 21, S, TT 75) dan sub-sub kelompok II-II (2 IV 8, 9 IV 14, 9 II 10).</p><p>Kata kunci: Pogostemon sp., fusi protoplas, keragaman genetik, RAPD</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACTS </strong></p><p><strong>Assessment of genetic variability of patchoulli (Pogostemon sp.,) derived from protoplast fussion using RAPD </strong></p><p>Somatic hybrids of Pogostemon heyneaneus (cv. Girilaya) X P. cablin (cv. Sidikalang and TT 75) were tested for their genetic variability and relationship. The somatic hybrids tested were 9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 and 9 II 10. DNA of the plant materials used were extracted by using the modified method of orozcocastulo et al. (1994) and quantified spectrophotometrically according to SAMBROOK el al. (1989). Five random primers, OPD 03. OPD 20, OPH 09. OPH 19 and Abi 117.17, were applied to amplify the extracted DNA. The genetic relationship among the somatic hybrids were estimated by using the index of similarity to perform genctical matrix and dendogram. Index of similarity among genotypes were calculated by using NTsys ver. 1.80 program. Then, cluster analyses to perform dendogram were achieved based on similarity estimates by using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). Results showed that index of similarities of the amplified DNA from 5 random primers ranged from 0.48 to 1.0. The somatic hybrids and their parental plants subjected to RAPD analyses were classified into 2 major groups, first, the parental group of Java patchouli and second, others parental plants, Aceh patchouli (Sidikalang and TT 75), and the somatic hybrids. The second group was then classified into 2 minor groups. First group consisted of somatic hybrids nos. 9 II 33 and 9 II 7, while the second were classified into 2 groups which consisted nos. 9 II 21, S, TT 75 and nos. 2 IV 8, 9 IV 14 and 9 II 10.</p><p>Key words : Pogostemon sp., protoplast fusion, genetic variability, RAPD</p>

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Tropical Strawberry Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
MA Sweety ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
NA Ivy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Genetic variability of tropical strawberry genotypes was determined through Ramdom Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Out of 14 RAPD primers six showed reproducible and polymorphic bands. The results revealed that the maximum polymorphic bands were produced by the primer OPB 12. Ten genotypes were differentiated into two clusters on the basis of Unweighted Pair Group Method With Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). Genotypic variation based on molecular characterization indicated that genotypes belonging to two different clusters depend on their genetic component. So, selection of parents from different clusters will provide the maximum heterosis in yield.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 33-39, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity and Genetic Relatedness of Candida albicans Isolates from Birds in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
M. Domán ◽  
L. Makrai ◽  
Gy. Lengyel ◽  
R. Kovács ◽  
L. Majoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

AbstractThe molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans infections in animals has been rarely studied. In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to characterise the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 avian origin C. albicans isolates collected from different birds with candidiasis and compared to human isolates. Fourteen diploid sequence types (DSTs) including six new DSTs were determined. Cluster analysis revealed that isolates grouped into 8 clades. Bird isolates mainly belonged to minor clades and Clade 15 with DST 172 was the most common (11 isolates; 45.8%). The remaining isolates were clustered into Clade 7 (5 isolates; 20.8%), Clade 10 (4 isolates; 16.6%), Clade 8 (2 isolates; 8.3%), Clade 4 (1 isolate; 4.2%) and Clade 16 (1 isolate; 4.2%). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and eBURST analyses showed that the genetic construction of avian origin C. albicans population is fairly diverse. Although species-specific lineages were not found, some degree of separation in the evolution of bird and human strains could be observed.

scholarly journals Padrões de infestação de comunidades de plantas daninhas no agroecossistema de cana-crua

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kuva ◽  
A.S. Ferraudo ◽  
R.A. Pitelli ◽  
P.L.C.A. Alves ◽  
T.P. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Objetivou-se neste trabalho a obtenção de padrões de infestação de plantas daninhas na cultura de cana-de-açúcar com histórico de colheita mecanizada sem queima prévia da palha. Foram realizadas amostragens em 28 talhões na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP; em cada talhão foram demarcadas unidades de avaliação e coleta, na proporção de duas por hectare, que consistiram de áreas (quatro linhas de 4 metros de comprimento) mantidas sem controle de plantas daninhas e onde foram realizadas as amostragens de plantas emergidas. As amostragens foram realizadas aos 120 dias após o corte, com quadrados vazados (0,5 x 0,5 m) lançados aleatoriamente duas vezes em cada uma das unidades de avaliação e coleta. Com os dados obtidos, calculou-se a importância relativa e o índice de agregação das espécies ou grupo de espécies. Esses índices foram usados no processamento da análise de agrupamento hierárquica, utilizando como medida de semelhança a distância euclidiana e como estratégia de agrupamento o método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using arithmetic Averages). Foi possível distinguir quatro grupos em função da importância relativa e cinco grupos de talhões em função do índice de agregação; dentro de alguns grupos houve formação de subgrupos.

scholarly journals Detection of DNA and Ploidy Variation within Vegetatively Propagated Zoysiagrass Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Harris-Shultz ◽  
Susana Milla-Lewis ◽  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Kevin Kenworthy ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Two Samples

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) is used as a warm-season turfgrass for lawns, parks, and golf courses in the warm, humid and transitional climatic regions of the United States. Zoysiagrass is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 40) and some cultivars are known to easily self- and cross-pollinate. Previous studies showed that genetic variability in the clonal cultivars Emerald and Diamond was likely the result of contamination (seed production or mechanical transfer) or mislabeling. To determine the extent of genetic variability of vegetatively propagated zoysiagrass cultivars, samples were collected from six commercially available zoysiagrass cultivars (Diamond, Emerald, Empire, JaMur, Meyer, Zeon) from five states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas). Two of the newest cultivar releases (Geo and Atlantic) were to serve as outgroups. Where available, one sample from university research plots and two samples from sod farms were collected for each cultivar per state. Forty zoysiagrass simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and flow cytometry were used to compare genetic and ploidy variation of each collected sample to a reference sample. Seventy-five samples were genotyped and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering revealed four groups. Group I (Z. japonica) included samples of ‘Meyer’ and Empire11 (‘Empire’ sample at location #11), Group II (Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) included samples of ‘Emerald’ and ‘Geo’, Group III (Z. matrella) included samples of ‘Diamond’ and ‘Zeon’, and Group IV (Z. japonica) consisted of samples from ‘Empire’, ‘JaMur’, ‘Atlantic’, and Meyer3 (‘Meyer’ at sample location #3). Samples of ‘Empire’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘JaMur’ were indistinguishable with the markers used. Four samples were found to have alleles different from the respective reference cultivar, including two samples of ‘Meyer’, one sample of ‘Empire’, and one sample of ‘Emerald’. Three of these samples were from Texas and one of these samples was from Florida. Three of the four samples that were different from the reference cultivar were university samples. In addition, one sample, Empire11, was found to be an octoploid (2n = 8x = 80). For those samples that had a fingerprint different from the reference cultivar, contamination, selfing, and/or hybridization with other zoysiagrasses may have occurred.

scholarly journals Caracterização Biométrica dos Caprinos da República de Cabo Verde

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (263) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
L.C. Pires ◽  
T.M. Machado ◽  
J. de D. Fonseca ◽  
J.F. Fonseca ◽  
E. Pile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Objetivou-se discernir populações caprinas de cinco ilhas da República de Cabo Verde (n=533) por meio de dados biométricos e análises estatísticas. Foram avaliadas 16 características de fêmeas adultas, através da estatística descritiva simples, análise de variância, teste de multicolinearidade, distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D²) e algoritmo UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Mean). Após o teste de multicolinearidade foi identificada e descartada a variável profundidade torácica. As D² foram calculadas com base nas 15 medidas biométricas. O maior valor da D² foi entre as populações das ilhas do Fogo e São Nicolau (22,73), e a menor D² foi entre Santo Antão e São Vicente (3,71). O dendrograma a partir de 15 variáveis em cinco populações colocou as cabras da ilha de Fogo em ramo a parte das demais. Agruparam-se num ramo as cabras das ilhas de Santo Antão e São Vicente. Este resultado está de acordo com a distância geográfica entre as ilhas de Cabo Verde e o histórico recente de intercâmbio de animais entre elas.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in natural populations of Zeyheria montana mart. from the Brazilian Cerrado

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Waléria Bertoni ◽  
Spartaco Astolfi Filho ◽  
Ernani Ronie Martins ◽  
Carlos Ferreira Damião Filho ◽  
Suzelei de Castro França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Optimized Protocol ◽  
Geographical Distances

Zeyheria montana, an endemic species of the Bignoniaceae family from the Brazilian Cerrado's known for its anti-cancer properties, is widely used as imuno stimulant in the popular medicine and its therapeutic activity must be validated by scientific data. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of eight plant populations collected within the state of São Paulo, Brazil, via Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) used as molecular markers. After an optimized protocol for the amplification reaction, nine selected primers generated 105 reproducible bands, indicating up to 60% polymorphism. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher genetic variation within populations (84.03%) than among populations (15.97%). The variation values estimated by phiST (0.160) indicated moderate to high inter population structuration. Levels of similarity inter plants with genetic and geographical distances, estimated by the unweighted pair-group method analysis (UPGMA) clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination methods and by the Mantel test (-0.2345 p = 0.118) denoted that the structure found follows the island model, which assumes that a single population of infinite size may have initiated the existing populations of Zeyheria montana, with no spatial position correlation. Based on the obtained data, a germplasm bank from individuals representing the species variability was established. Furthermore the information here reported can be of importance to develop strategies for the conservation of Z. montana.

scholarly journals Application of ITAP-PCR Techniques to Assess the Genetic Variability of Selected Cultivars of Winter Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-953
Author(s):  
Izabela SZUĆKO ◽  
Anna MĄDRACH
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Cereal Plant ◽  
Seed Market ◽  
Polymorphism Rate ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

The increasing use of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) indicates that its position on the seed market is constantly strengthening; therefore, the research on its genetic variability is necessary to improve breeding process of new cultivars. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using the ITAP-PCR technique to analyse the genetic similarity of nine cultivars of winter triticale cultivated in Poland. Primers designed on the basis of 6 DNA transposon sequences commonly found in cereal plant genomes were used for the study. The average polymorphism rate in the genotypes used in the study was determined as 95.24%; in total, 75 bands were obtained, of which 73 were polymorphic. The PIC value ranged between 0.27 and 0.44, and was highest for the Hamlet primer. The lowest PIC value was observed for the Mutator primer. The average DI value was 0.34, MI - 4.08, AEI - 12.17 and IPI - 4.40. SI ranged from 36.7% to 1.7%. A dendrogram was created according to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), which in terms of genetic similarity divided the analysed winter triticale cultivars into two main similarity groups.We confirmed that ITAP technique of transposon-based marker is efficient and fast method to detect genetic variability between different winter triticale cultivars. In addition, the presence of analyzed transposon families in hexaploid triticale has not been studied earlier.

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