EXCEPTIONAL PRESERVATION OF SOFT TISSUES BY MICROBIAL ENTOMBMENT: INSIGHTS INTO THE TAPHONOMY OF THE CRATO KONSERVAT-LAGERSTÄTTE

Palaios ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILIPE G. VAREJÃO ◽  
LUCAS V. WARREN ◽  
MARCELLO G. SIMÕES ◽  
FRANZ T. FÜRSICH ◽  
SUZANA A. MATOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Exceptional Preservation ◽  
Fossil Preservation ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Organic Remains

ABSTRACTThe Aptian Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte is renowned for its exceptionally preserved fossils in lacustrine laminated limestones. Although previous works on this site include numerous taxonomic studies, its taphonomy remains a subject of debate. Herein, we present new data on the taphonomy of decapod crustaceans preserved in wrinkle laminites, highlighting the role of microbial mats in enhancing fossil preservation. Our results suggest that benthic microorganisms may have promoted protection and organic mineralization of some of the allochthonous to parautochthonous organic remains within the microbial laminites of the Crato lake. Overall, this work provides the first empirical evidence that the preservational pathways of the fossils in the Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte involved microbial mats.

scholarly journals On the edge of exceptional preservation: insights into the role of redox state in Burgess Shale-type taphonomic windows from the Mural Formation, Alberta, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Sperling ◽  
Uwe Balthasar ◽  
Christian B. Skovsted
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Exceptional Preservation

Animals originated in the Neoproterozoic and ‘exploded’ into the fossil record in the Cambrian. The Cambrian also represents a high point in the animal fossil record for the preservation of soft tissues that are normally degraded. Specifically, fossils from Burgess Shale-type (BST) preservational windows give paleontologists an unparalleled view into early animal evolution. Why this time interval hosts such exceptional preservation, and why this preservational window declines in the early Paleozoic, have been long-standing questions. Anoxic conditions have been hypothesized to play a role in BST preservation, but recent geochemical investigations of these deposits have reached contradictory results with respect to the redox state of overlying bottom waters. Here, we report a multi-proxy geochemical study of the Lower Cambrian Mural Formation, Alberta, Canada. At the type section, the Mural Formation preserves rare recalcitrant organic tissues in shales that were deposited near storm wave base (a Tier 3 deposit; the worst level of soft-tissue preservation). The geochemical signature of this section shows little to no evidence of anoxic conditions, in contrast with published multi-proxy studies of more celebrated Tier 1 and 2 deposits. These data help confirm that ‘decay-limited’ BST biotas were deposited in more oxygenated conditions, and support a role for anoxic conditions in BST preservation. Finally, we discuss the role of iron reduction in BST preservation, including the formation of iron-rich clays and inducement of sealing seafloor carbonate cements. As oceans and sediment columns became more oxygenated and more sulfidic through the early Paleozoic, these geochemical changes may have helped close the BST taphonomic window.

Role of microbial mats in the fossilization of soft tissues

Geology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Wilby ◽  
Derek E. G. Briggs ◽  
Paul Bernier ◽  
Christian Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Soft Tissues

Membangun Fondasi Keilmuan Ekonomi Islam: Telaah Metodologi Muhammad Akram Khan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-170
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Science Methodology ◽  
Islamic Society

Throughout my experience in tracking down and reading books on faith-based economics, in this case Islam, there are no books that specifically list the title of "Islamic economics". If there is, it is only initiated or introduced. Most books coming down to us still use the titles starting with the word, for example, system, concept, principle, or the doctrine of Islamic economics. Why do the authors of the book Islamic economics seem not dared to give his book title with label "science"? I presume that Islamic economics has not been considered as a science. In building a science, methodology is required. Islamic Economics also requires a well-established methodology to build the foundation of science. The study answers questions; how is methodology which is offered by Muhammad Akram Khan to build Islamic economics. The method used in this research is the study of literature with qualitative approach.The result of study concludes that Khan offers methodology of Islamic economics, if summarized, written as follows: First, Islamic economics uses a framework derived from the texts of divinity (revelation). Second, Islamic economics uses the inductive method, which gives witness to the truth or falsity assumptions and predictions about the two criteria of rationality and empirical evidence. Third, Islamic economy is built on ethical values ​​such as justice, virtue, moderation, sacrifice, caring for others, in the analysis, as behavioral parameters. Fourth, Islamic economics is a normative discipline. Islamic Economics investigates ways and means to change the existing economy with Islamic economy. Fifth, Islamic economics ask different questions with conventional economics. Its attention is on welfare (falah) human and creating social and institutional conditions that maximize falah in society. Clearly, Islamic economics strongly supports research programs that help maximize falah. Furthermore, Khan elaborates several issues related to the methodology that often appears in the forum of Islamic economists. There are some problems that Khan proposes, they are the interaction with modern economics, the role of revelation, assuming ideal Islamic society, and the general theory of Islamic economics.

Hostility to Hospitality: Authors’ Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Michael J. Balboni
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Holistic Care ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Constructive Criticism

AbstractThis article offers a brief response to constructive criticism of the book featured in this edition of Spiritual Care. Hostility to Hospitality argues that the role of spirituality within the care of sick patients, despite clear empirical evidence demonstrating its importance, remains deeply contested because of bias against religious communities. Deeply flawed conceptualizations of the nature of religion and the secular camouflage how a society's commitment to immanence functions like a spirituality. A secular framework weakens how spiritual communities can positively influence medical institutions or socialize professional guilds in caring for the whole patient. The diminishment of communities that champion compassion as a chief end, pave a way for hostile economic, technological, and bureaucratic forces to suppress our ability to fully care for patients in body and soul. Rather than being neutral as purported, the secular structures of medicine manipulate and use pastoral care for its own immanent ends. Hostility to Hospitality argues that unless pluralism is embraced, allowing for a diversity of religious communities to influence the structures of medicine, compassionate and holistic care will increasingly become unlikely as impersonal social forces increase.

scholarly journals Astral hydrogels mimic tissue mechanics by aster-aster interpenetration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqiao Xie ◽  
Yuandi Zhuang ◽  
Gaojun Ye ◽  
Tiankuo Wang ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Single Master Curve ◽  
Unique Mechanism ◽  
Gel Network

AbstractMany soft tissues are compression-stiffening and extension-softening in response to axial strains, but common hydrogels are either inert (for ideal chains) or tissue-opposite (for semiflexible polymers). Herein, we report a class of astral hydrogels that are structurally distinct from tissues but mechanically tissue-like. Specifically, hierarchical self-assembly of amphiphilic gemini molecules produces radial asters with a common core and divergently growing, semiflexible ribbons; adjacent asters moderately interpenetrate each other via interlacement of their peripheral ribbons to form a gel network. Resembling tissues, the astral gels stiffen in compression and soften in extension with all the experimental data across different gel compositions collapsing onto a single master curve. We put forward a minimal model to reproduce the master curve quantitatively, underlying the determinant role of aster-aster interpenetration. Compression significantly expands the interpenetration region, during which the number of effective crosslinks is increased and the network strengthened, while extension does the opposite. Looking forward, we expect this unique mechanism of interpenetration to provide a fresh perspective for designing and constructing mechanically tissue-like materials.

Leisure Functioning and Offender Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Link ◽  
D J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Leisure Education ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategy

This study examined the statistical relationship between offender rehabilitation and leisure functioning of Oregon prisoners ( N = 281) soon to reenter society. The strong positive correlation between leisure functioning and rehabilitation is an important finding of the study. Perception of freedom and intrinsic motivation in leisure, as independent variables, were significantly related to rehabilitation even when controlling for the influence of demographic and important forensic variables. This study provides initial empirical evidence for the importance of leisure in offender rehabilitation and successful offender reentry. The role of leisure education programming as a supportive offender rehabilitation strategy is also discussed.

scholarly journals News-Driven Business Cycles: Insights and Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Beaudry ◽  
Franck Portier
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Economic Fluctuations ◽  
Aggregate Fluctuations ◽  
Business Cycle Fluctuations ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Many

There is a widespread belief that changes in expectations may be an important independent driver of economic fluctuations. The news view of business cycles offers a formalization of this perspective. In this paper we discuss mechanisms by which changes in agents' information, due to the arrival of news, can cause business cycle fluctuations driven by expectational change, and we review the empirical evidence aimed at evaluating their relevance. In particular, we highlight how the literature on news and business cycles offers a coherent way of thinking about aggregate fluctuations, while at the same time we emphasize the many challenges that must be addressed before a proper assessment of the role of news in business cycles can be established. (JEL D83, D84, E13, E32, O33)

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