The Effects of Labor Migration and OFW Remittances on the Level of Poverty in the Philippines

Global labor mobility and Overseas Filipino workers have been a topic of interest due to its rapid growth and its apparent links with development goals. Among the 197 countries in the world, the Philippines has one of the highest rates of migration. In this paper, the researchers have examined the statistical relationship between migration and poverty through a study, using panel data from the years 2006, 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2018 in the Philippines. Specifically, the paper examined the degree of impact of migration on poverty using the GINI coefficient and GRDP as determinants for poverty, whilst Remittances is the constant variable used. The study aimed to determine whether remittances reduce poverty as Overseas Filipino Workers continue to increase yearly. The end results showed that there is a relationship amongst poverty, international labor migration, and remittances via the fixed panel data done but show a low significance level among the said variables. Thus, there is a relationship within the variables but a low significance level to the poverty in the Philippines.

Family Biopsychosocial Characteristics on Stunting Events in Children in Stunting Locus Areas Tapalang Barat District

Background: Nutrition in the first five years of life is very important because at this time physical and brain development is most rapid. Nutrition at this time will affect future developments (Data, Information and Health, 2016). Anthropometric monitoring is also needed, as an initial screening of nutritional problems, including stunting and wasting, to facilitate interventions to be carried out to prevent long-term effects and the next stage in the toddler development cycle (Ramos, Dumith and César, 2015). The research method used in this study was case control, while the research was conducted from April to September 2020. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between biopsychosocial and stunting in children under five years in the stunting locus area, West Tapalang District. Method: This study uses a case control research design with the number of respondents each as many as 57 people. The sampling method used is total sampling Results: There is a statistical relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting. The p value is 0.01 with an OR value of 0.38. Meanwhile, maternal height has a p value of 0.84 (OR 1.08), family support has a p value of 0.49 (OR 0.49), exposure to cigarette smoke has a p value of 0.09 (OR 0.31) and socioeconomic has no statistical relationship. Conclusion: There is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting. Meanwhile, maternal height, family support, and exposure to cigarette smoke did not show a statistical relationship with the incidence of stunting Key words: Stunting, Toddler, psychosocial.

Do Trade and Poverty Cause Each Other? Evidence from BRICS

Any two variables that are observable have one or the other form of relationship. This is particularly a statistical relationship. But for a statistical relationship to be cause and effect, a theoretical relationship is important. The theoretical relationship can be quantified to search for the evidence of causality. The possible outcomes can be no causality, unidirectional causality, or bidirectional causality. The present study aims at searching for evidence from BRICS countries regarding trade causing poverty or vice versa. Applied econometrics approach is used in the study. Panel econometric techniques have been employed to identify presence/absence of causality between the variables. Apart from this, the study also uses equality of means to identify whether trade and poverty proxies are symmetrical or asymmetrical. The study finds no causal relationship between trade and poverty for BRICS countries except that poverty headcount at $3.2 per day causes trade balance. With respect to the impact on the GINI index, lowest 10 percent income share and poverty headcount ratios are integral to reduce the inequality in the BRICS countries.

Estimation Of Water Quality Using Geomatics Techniques for The Garraf River Basin

This study was conducted for the purpose of estimating the soil and water quality of the Gharraf River Basin in the north of Dhi Qar Governorate using geomatics techniques represented by geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and positioning systems (GNSS). Which is about (90 km) from the city center. The chemical analyzes of the water samples showed that the degree of interaction was between (7.84-7.7) and the electrical conductivity (dS.m¯1.1-1.05), and the total dissolved substances were between (1106-1051ppm), and the mathematical statistical relationships were weakly correlated with the ratios of the visible space bands. pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved materials. Calcium ratios in the study area ranged between (ppm 47.4-107) and there was a significant correlation with the range (B/R + B) with a value of (R2 = 0.51), and the results showed the ratios of magnesium in the study area between (ppm 9.67 - 26.61.) Between it and the band ratio (B/R + B)), a correlation relationship with a value of (R2=0.525), potassium recorded an average between (3.1-ppm 5.5), and there was a significant correlation between it and the band ratio (B/R +R) and it reached (R2=0.665). ), found a statistical relationship between sodium and the ratio of the band (B/R + R)) and a significant correlation was recorded with a value of (R2 = 0.527). - 102.52) And there was a correlation between the presence of chloride and the ratio of the range (B/NIR + G) as it was recorded (R2 = 0.593), the bicarbonate recorded ratios between (ppm 1.8-2.7), and there was a statistical relationship between the bicarbonate and the ratio of the range (C / R). ) amounted to (R2 = 0.573), nitrate values were recorded in the study area between (4 - 3.45 ppm) and there was a significant correlation between them and the range (B5) as it reached (R2 = 0.581), sulfate values were recorded between (207.25 - 277.5 ppm) and through Statistical analysis found that there is a correlation between The presence of sulfate with the ratio (C + B + G + R + NIR) which amounted to (R2 = 0.596), the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was calculated, as its values ranged between (3.192 - 0.147) and most of the statistical relationships were weakly related to the spatial ratios and were gradually The hardness values in the study area are between (99.7 - 198.1)(

Inclinations of greenhouse farmers in Turkey toward agricultural insurance

ABSTRACT: This study is explored the reasons why greenhouse farmers take out and do not take out agricultural insurance as well as the farmers’ inclinations toward agricultural insurance and the factors that affect them so that agricultural insurance can be improved. In this context, three districts of Antalya where greenhouse farming is intensively carried out, namely Aksu, Serik and Kumluca, were selected as the research location, and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 200 farmers, 100 of which had agricultural insurance and 100 of which did not. The farms were divided into two groups, namely, those with and without insurance, according to the data obtained. The potential statistical relationship between some selected features of the farms under study and the farmers with and without insurance was identified by chi-square test. Furthermore, the inclinations, views and opinions of farmers with and without agricultural insurance concerning agricultural insurance were evaluated using a Likert scale. Among the reasons why farmers take out agricultural insurance are insuring their crop, avoiding any potential loss, securing their income and presence of disaster risk. The main reasons why farmers do not take out agricultural insurance is the registration and share problems of their lands.

Comparative study of construction of divergence of wind field based on OLR data obtained from – polar orbiting and geostationary satellites

An assessment of Outgoing longwave radiation data obtained from polar orbiting and geostationary satellites is made to see which one, is more convenient and useful for the construction of divergence of the wind field for regional models. The availability of OLR data from TIROS-N (polar orbiting) and GOES-IO (geostationary) satellites during 1979 made it possible to assess and explore a statistical relationship among the OLR data and divergence of the wind field at 850 and 2°9 hPa. constructed from the analysls of the Global Experiment data sets. This study reveals a very strong relationship between these fields in the region of deep convective activity and this relationship has also been found to be stronger for geostationary satellite than polar orbiting satellite. The use or this relationship especially over data-sparse tropical oceanic regions for NWP models is suggested.

IDH Wild-type Glioblastoma Presenting with Seizure: Clinical Specificity, and Oncologic and Surgical Outcomes.

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain neoplasia in adults. Seizure is a common manifestation in GBM. Up to 25 to 60% of patients with GBM have seizures. We aim to summarize all the relevant clinical, surgical, radiologic, and molecular features of a cohort of patients suffering from GBM-related epilepsy and measure the outcome, to understand the possible existence of a clinical/phenotypical specificity of this subgroup of patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 177 patients affected by isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (IDH-WT) GBM; 49 patients presented seizure at onset (SaO) and 128 were seizure free (SF). We investigated the relationship between seizures and other prognostic factors of GBMs. Results A statistically significant association between the location of the lesions in the parietal lobe and seizures was observed. The left side was more commonly affected. Interestingly, there was a statistical relationship between tumors involving the subventricular zone (SVZ) and SaO patients. The tumors were also smaller on average at diagnosis, and generalized SaOs were associated with longer overall survival. Conclusions The typical patient with IDH-WT GBM with SaO is a young (<55 year) male without a history of headache. The lesion is typically small to medium in size and located in the temporoparietal dominant lobe, with a high tendency to involve the SVZ.

Statistical Relationship Between the Decrease of Major Seismicity and Drought in Southern California Since 1900

The seismicity in Southern California significantly decreased over the last decades. The decrease went in parallel with the reduction of meteoric groundwater recharge, which is a well-known factor capable of affecting seismicity. In this work the existence of a systematic statistical relationship was investigated by comparing the time density of Mw ≥ 5.7 earthquakes since 1900 with the time series of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), an indicator of soil moisture roughly correlated with groundwater recharge. Given the non-stationarity of the two signals, the formal comparison was performed using both binomial logistic regression and cointegration testing. The analysis showed a significant statistical relationship, with peaks of seismicity 8 years behind those of PDSI. This finding suggests the hypothesis that groundwater recharge might affect earthquakes at a multi-year time scale. Proving this theory requires accurate measures and hydrogeological modeling, which is behind the scope of this work. Nonetheless, according to previous studies, the observed time lag might be explained by the slow propagation of pore pressure from the surface to the seismogenic volume. The ongoing trend towards an arid climate, made more evident by the recent severe droughts, might have contributed to the earthquake reduction of the last decades. The connection is particularly evident in the Salton Trough, with possible implications for the interpretation of its paleoseismicity.

Using precipitation sensitivity to temperature to adjust projected global runoff

Climate change affects the water cycle. Despite the improved accuracy of simulations of historical temperature, precipitation and runoff in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the uncertainty of the future sensitivity of global runoff to temperature remains large. Here, we identify a statistical relationship at the global scale between the sensitivity of precipitation to temperature change (1979 – 2014) and the sensitivity of runoff to temperature change (2015 – 2100). We use this relation to constrain future runoff sensitivity estimates. Our statistical relationship only slightly reduces the uncertainty range of future runoff sensitivities (order 10% reduction). However, more importantly, it raises the expected global runoff sensitivity to background global warming by 36-104% compared to estimates taken directly from the CMIP6 model ensemble. The constrained sensitivities also indicate a shift towards globally more wet conditions and less dry conditions.

The parallel convergence of income and educational achievements: joint distribution dynamics

Human capital is an important factor of economic growth. Previous studies show that convergence patterns of income and education differ on a regional level. The purpose of this article is to verify whether there is statistical relationship between the patterns of educational achievements convergence and income convergence processes in Poland on the regional and local level. The paper describes and applies an innovative way for the formal verification of similarities in convergence patterns on the basis of transition matrices and kernel density estimation. The analysis is performed on Polish data for educational achievements (lagged exam results of 15-year old pupils) and income per capita worker on the regional and local level for the period 2003–2015. Despite the occurrence of (weak) convergence for both phenomena, each has a different course. Therefore, the processes of the income convergence and educational achievements convergence in Poland were not parallel.