THE TRANSGRESSIVE BARRIER-LAGOON COAST OF DELAWARE: MORPHOSTRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES AND RESPONSES TO RELATIVE RISE IN SEA LEVEL

1987 ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN C. KRAFT ◽  
MICHAEL J. CHRZASTOWSKI ◽  
DANIEL F. BELKNAP ◽  
MARGUERITE A. TOSCANO ◽  
CHARLES H. FLETCHER
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences

THE GEOLOGICAL EXPRESSION OF EUSTACY IN THE EARLY TERTIARY OF THE GIPPSLAND BASIN

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Basin Morphology ◽  
The Times ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Gippsland Basin

In the non-marine to marginal marine environments of the Latrobe Group, distinct sedimentary sequences are recognised on seismic records and these sequences are often expressed in wells by palynological zones, changes in E-log character and lithology.The succession of sequences represents variations in sea level, many of which are interpreted aseustatic. Eustatic falls are represented by unconformities and channel formation along the seaward margin and by hiatuses (frequently with dolomite cementation of underlying sands) landward in deltaic and non-marine sections. Eustatic rises are represented by dinoflagellate ingressions over truncated surfaces at sequence boundaries, followed by outbuilding of deltaic environments at the stillstand towards the end of each cycle.During the Paleocene and Eocene very little sediment was deposited beyond the limits of the marginal marine environments except within channels where the Flounder and Turrum Formations are found. In this time interval they was an overall landward encroachment of successive sequences reflecting an overall sea level rise. The interaction of rising sea level and limited deposition beyond the marginal marine edge meant that successive sequences became more restricted seaward such that within the marine environment the area of non-deposition increased. The surface thus defined, modified locally by channel erosion, constitutes the unconformity at the top of the Latrobe Group. This unconformity surface was preserved when deposition of fine-grained open marine sediments of the Lakes Entrance Formation commenced in the Oligocene.In the Tasman Sea a succession of terrigenous silts and clays present in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 283 can be correlated with periods when fine-grained sediments bypassed the Gippsland shelf. The stratigraphy of this site can be interpreted as a record of availability of sediment from the southeastern Australian continental shelf. The times of commencement and termination of stratigraphic units and disconformities at Site 283 correlate with timing of eustatic cycles. Thus the stratigraphy of Site 283 is a record, as is the Latrobe Group, of how eustacy interacts with basin morphology to modify distribution of sediments.

The sedimentary record of climatic variation in the southern North Sea

1988 ◽  
Vol 318 (1191) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Indirect Response ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Glaciofluvial Deposits

The sedimentary sequence on the shelf of the southern North Sea records Quaternary climatic changes in two ways. They are indicated directly by moraine and glaciofluvial deposits from the Elsterian, Saalian and Weichselian glacial periods when the British and the Scandinavian ice sheets covered parts of the area. An indirect response to the climate is indicated by sea-level changes. Phases of cooling are characterized by regressions and low sea-level stands; phases of warming are indicated by marine transgressions and high sea levels during the Holsteinian, Eemian and Holocene periods. The seismic characteristics of the different lithological units, the sedimentary sequences and their fossil content are described for the offshore area and the adjacent coastal zone. This provides a record of the interaction of sedimentary processes and the palaeogeographic development as a response to climatic changes.

scholarly journals The use of piezocone tests for high-resolution stratigraphy of Quaternary sediment sequences in the Brazilian coast

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano de Mio ◽  
Heraldo L. Giacheti
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good Agreement

Correlations between mapping units of costal sedimentary basin and interpretation of piezocone test results are presented and discussed based on examples from Caravelas strandplain, (State of Bahia), Paranaguá (State of Paraná) and Guarujá bays (State of São Paulo), Brazil. Recognizing that the sedimentary environment was mainly controlled by sea level fluctuations led to the interpretation of transgressive and regressive sedimentary sequences, which is in a good agreement with the sea level fluctuation curves currently accepted for these regions. The interpretation of piezocone test results shows that the sedimentary sequences of Caravelas and Guarujá sites are similar and they have a good correlation to the sea level fluctuation curve accepted for Salvador region, State of Bahia. On the other hand, the piezocone test results from Paranaguá site indicate a different sedimentary sequence from the previous ones, relating to the sea level fluctuation curve accepted for Paranaguá region. The results show the high applicability of piezocone testing for stratigraphical logging and suggest that it is possible to integrate it with other current techniques used for paleo-environmental studies in Brazil, in accordance with recent approaches used in international research on the subject.

scholarly journals Holocene sea-level change and estuary infill in North West Nelson, central New Zealand

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110604
Author(s):  
David M Kennedy ◽  
Beth V Risdon ◽  
Josephine LD Woods
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
North West ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Holocene Sea Level

The sedimentary sequences found within estuaries in the north west Nelson region of central New Zealand are investigated in order to quantify the timing of the end of the Post Glacial Marine Transgression. This region has been identified as being relatively stable in terms of vertical tectonic movement during the Holocene, but is yet to yield any reconstructions of eustatic sea level. In this study, we investigate the Holocene infill of a barrier estuary (Parapara Inlet) through sedimentological analysis and radiocarbon dating of 18 vibracores up to 4.2 m in length. It is found that the estuary infilled through a combination of lateral flood tide and fluvial delta progradation as well as vertical central basin infill. The central basin infilled at a consistent rate of 0.4 mm/year in both the mid (7.0–6.0 ka) and late-Holocene (2.5–1.5 ka). By the time of early human (Maori) settlement (c. 1 ka), the estuary surface was at low intertidal elevations with sediment being transported from the fluvial to tidal delta. A discernible change in sedimentation rates could not be associated with Maori settlement; however, infill rates increased to at least 12.5 mm/year in the past 150 years due hydraulic sluicing associated with mining. The sedimentary history of Parapara Inlet is compared to nearby Whanganui Inlet, d’Urville Island and Nelson to establish the character of regional Holocene sea level movement. It is found that relative sea level reached modern elevations between 8 and 7 ka in the region. The similarity between sea level curves for the end of the post glacial marine transgression (PMT) to other tectonically stable sites in northern New Zealand suggests that this curve can now be considered a true eustatic signal for the New Zealand archipelago.

scholarly journals Phanerozoic Climate and Vertical Tectonic Cycles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
james croll
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Spatial Domains ◽  
Uplift And Erosion ◽  
Exact Timing

Evidence of kilometre scale uplift and subsidence at locations remote from any recognised plate boundaries, the existence of mega-sequences of post-rift marine sediments over widespread intra-cratonic areas, and the consideration that pulses of deposition display a clear periodicity and synchronicity over widely dispersed spatial domains, remain largely unresolved issues within current geological theory. While the exact timing of uplift and erosion associated with major unconformities are difficult to assess, the age of sediments immediately above provide vital temporal markers for the onset of subsidence and associated sea level rise. By reconsidering the much studied sedimentary sequences of the Grand and Bryce Canyon areas the following will show that the at least over the Phanerozoic eon the initiation of new pulses of deposition occur at times when earth climate is emerging from ice-house to hot-house conditions. Furthermore, the recorded periods in which global occurrences of epeirogeny have occurred will be shown to correlate closely with the end of hot-house periods and the onset of ice-house global climate conditions. Finally, some tentative thermo-geodynamic explanations for this apparent causal link between global climate and vertical tectonics will be suggested.

PROTEROZOIC, PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS AND PLEISTOCENE GLACIAL CYCLES AND CYCLIC SEDIMENTATION IN RELATION TO OIL SEARCH

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
R. C. Sprigg
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Hydrocarbon Source Rock ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Continental Ice Sheets

The Australian Upper Proterozoic, Permo-Carboniferous and Pleistocene glacial epochs were each notable for well -developed examples of glacially-induced, cyclical sedimentation. The Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) of North America was similarly characterized by cyclothems of probably related origin. Both the foregoing Pennsylvanian and the Australian Permain contain much of the world's coal. Both are significant sources also of hydrocarbons and constitute some of the more prolific hydrocarbon resources on both continents.Around the world, Quaternary sea-floor and terrestrial sedimentary sequences reveal increasing evidence of comparable climatic fluctuations and related sea-level influenced sedimentary deposition. Such fluctuations relate primarily to alternate waxing and waning of contemporary continental ice sheets. Astronomic cycles influenced principally by the varying obliquity of the ecliptic (earth's axial tilt), and the precession of the equinoxes, appear to offer primary climatic controls. Milankovitch -type astronomic radiation cycles almost certainly apply.Prominent sedimentary cycles characterising parts of the Australian Quaternary succession relate directly to repetitive climatic and sea-level changes. In turn, these are related back to Permo-Carboniferous sedimentary deposition as it influenced coal formation, the development of hydrocarbon source rock and a range of sand reservoirs as they bear on oil exploration.

Submerged landscapes of the eastern Adriatic – from the river across the lake all the way to the sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Miko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Submarine Channels ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
Geophysical Surveys

<p>Submerged paleolandscapes constitute records of long-term paleoenvironmental change, climate, and sea level. To date, there is a very limited knowledge concerning the submerged karst paleolandscapes of the eastern Adriatic coast and the Late Quaternary sedimentary sequences along the eastern part of the Mid Adriatic Deep (MAD). We aim to improve this through the project “Sediments between source and sink during a Late Quaternary eustatic cycle: The Krka and the Mid Adriatic Deep System” (QMAD). The QMAD project supports multidisciplinary research by application of the high-resolution geophysical surveys (multibeam, side-scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler), in combination with sedimentological, petrophysical, geochemical (trace elements and isotopes), micropaleontological (ostracod and foraminifera), mineralogical and aDNA techniques. This suite of analyses will enable tracking of the paleoenvironmental evolution from fluvial/lake to deeper marine environments, on a short transect less than 100 km in length (Lake Prokljan in the Krka River estuary to the eastern part of MAD). The submerged Late Pleistocene and Holocene environments that occur include isolation basins, lagoons, deltas, estuaries, submarine channels and shelf. The continuous marine sedimentation during the Late Quaternary is investigated in the MAD. In the case of the central part of the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea (Krka catchment - MAD) these different environments compose an integrated system; thus, they can’t be analysed separately. The main goals of this project fill the existing gaps in understanding of the climatic and environmental changes, including sea-level related landscape changes and their interplay during the Late Quaternary eustatic cycle. More data on the Pleistocene environments, especially from the region of Krka estuary that was land during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), will complete the picture of the evolution and environmental adaptation of Paleolithic humans and their relationship with vegetation changes. Attention is also paid to potential anthropogenic environments, recent sedimentation rates, landscape features and artefacts. All results of the multi-proxy approach applied in this project will eventually be merged into a comprehensive Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction of the eastern Adriatic landscapes that contribute to the understanding of these changes in the Mediterranean region.</p>

Pleistocene sea-level record in low latitude settings: the Cape Verde Islands.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Bardají ◽  
José Luis Goy ◽  
Caridad Zazo ◽  
Claude Hillaire-Marcel ◽  
Cristino J. Dabrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Marine Terraces ◽  
Mis 5E

<p><span><span>The volcanic Cape Verde archipelago constitutes one of the few sites in low latitude eastern Atlantic Ocean, where a long record of Pleistocene sea-level indicators develops, particularly beach deposits and marine terraces. The extreme aridity of the easternmost islands (Sal, Boa Vista and Maio) allows the exposure of long sedimentary sequences, the altitudinal and spatial distribution of which must be related both to sea level behaviour in low latitude settings and also to the volcanic nature of the archipelago.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The particular case of Maio Island reveals the occurrence of a flight of at least 18 marine terraces, between +85 and 0m. The chronology has been approached by a paleomagnetic sequence (Early - Middle Pleistocene transition), U-series measurements (Last Interglacial deposits) and 14C (Holocene units). </span></span></p><p><span><span>The results have revealed a differential behaviour in the vertical motion of the island along the Pleistocene, with unequal uplift rates during Early and Middle Pleistocene. An anomalously low-lying MIS5 unit in this island fits well with the predictions done by GIA models of Crevelling et al., (2017) although the proper evolution of volcanic islands cannot be discarded.</span></span></p><p><span><span>A comparison with Sal (Zazo et al., 2007, 2010) and Boa Vista islands is done, especially in what the MIS5 sea level record is concerned. MIS 5e deposits are scarce along the coasts of Maio and Boa Vista, and always at very low heights above mean sea level (0-0,5 m). On the island of Sal the deposits corresponding to the MIS 5e are located at a maximum height of +2.5m asml, in its most southern sector, being also very frequent to find them at 0m (Zazo et al., 2010). </span></span></p><p><span><span>The geomorphological distribution of the Pleistocene sedimentary sequences along these three islands reveals a complex history of uplift and subsidence that must be conciliated with the far-field sea level behavior, especially for the MIS5 units.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Creveling et al., 2017. QSR 163.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Zazo et al., 2007. QSR 26.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Zazo et al., 2010. GPCh 72.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Acknowledgements: This work has been supported by FEDER-MINECO Spanish project CGL15-69919-R.</span></span></p>

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