Predictors of Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting Among Daughters of Women in Guinea, West Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Female Genital

Background and Objective: In some African countries like Guinea, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has been considered as an essential social norm in ensuring girls’ and women’s virginity by reducing their sexual desires. This study aimed at examining the factors associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. Methods: Using the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed data on 10,721 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had at least one daughter. A two-level multi-level logistic regression analysis was fitted and the random and fixed effects together with their corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) were presented. Results: Women of all age categories had higher odds of having circumcised daughters with the substantially highest odds among those aged 35-39 (aOR=26.10, CrI=11.22-53.94) compared to those aged 15-19. “FGM/C was higher among daughters of circumcised mothers (aOR=5.50, CrI=3.11-9.72), compared to those who were not circumcise. Compared to Muslims, women who were either animists or had no religion were more likely to circumcise their daughters (aOR=2.13, CrI=1.12-4.05). Conversely, women with secondary/higher education, whose partners had secondary/higher education, Christians, women of richest wealth index and those who lived in the Faranah and N’zerekore regions were less likely to circumcise their daughters. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The current study revealed that individual and contextual factors are associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. The findings imply that eliminating FGM/C in Guinea requires multifaceted interventions such as advocacy and educational strategies like focus group discussions, peer teaching, mentor-mentee programs in regions noted with the FGM/C practice. This will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 which focuses on eliminating all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation by 2030.   Copyright © 2021 Ahinkorah. et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Bayesian Binary Logistic Generalized Linear Mixed Models of Female Genital Mutilation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekuanint Simeneh Workie
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Parameter Estimate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background: Female genital mutilation could be a global public unhealthiness, and it's practiced by many communities in Africa, special Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, the factors related to FGM practices are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of female genital mutilation and its associated factors with FGM among reproductive age women within the country. Method: A secondary data analysis was disbursed supported the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Bayesian binary Logistic Regression GLMM, which allows taking into consideration both individual and population variability in model parameter estimate was employed.Results: The general prevalence of female genital mutilation among participants (15-49 years old) in Ethiopia was found to be 69.6%. From Bayesian random intercept binary logistic analysis it had been found that rural, Muslim, middle Wealth index, rich Wealth index people, Secondary and above were statistically significant with Female genital mutilation. Conclusion: Rural residence, Muslim religion, middle wealth index , rich wealth index, people 25-34 years old, the people 35-49 years old, ever heard of female genital mutilation, occupation of girls were positively related to female genital mutilation practice. On the opposite hand, husband/partner's primary education level, husband/partner's secondary and above educational level, husband/partner occupation (merchant and others) were negatively related to female genital mutilation. Despite the presence of various interventions, the prevalence of female genital mutilation continues to be very high within the country.

scholarly journals Sexual Function in Women With and Without Female Genital Mutilation in Reproductive Age in South of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Bokaie ◽  
Samaneh Hatefi ◽  
Shahnaz Mojahed ◽  
Nasibeh Roozbeh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Objectives: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is an important public health issue, especially in developing countries and it is still done in some parts of Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FGM on the sexual function of women of reproductive age in Hormozgan province/IRAN.Study design: This study is a descriptive-analytical case-control study that was conducted in 2020 on 209 married women of reproductive age (15-49) in rural areas of Minab and Sirik counties in Hormozgan province/IRAN. Main outcome measures: The reliable and valid questionnaire FSFI for assessing female sexual function in the two groups was used after to obtain informed and voluntary consent from all participants and data with SPSS v: 16 software and with using descriptive/ Analytical statistics tests with a significant level of 0.05 were examined. Results: There is a significant difference between mutilated and non-mutilated women in the total score of sexual function(22.18±3.23 versus 23.41±2.52 respectively, p=0.023) and the domains of lubrication(3.04±0.62 versus 3.3±0.53 respectively, P=0.000), orgasm(3.81±0.63 versus 4.08±0.47 respectively, P=0.003), and sexual satisfaction(5.09±0.1 versus 5.37±0.87 respectively, P=0.017) But in the domains of desire, arousal, and pain in the two groups was no significant difference(P-value>0.05). Conclusion: FGM maybe leads to sexual dysfunction. Although most women were reluctant to perform mutilation on their daughters, more educational Actions are suggested to educate women about the impact of female mutilation on their sexual function. Counseling programs are also recommended to improve the sexual function of mutilated women.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women’s of Wolayita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 091-098
Author(s):  
Anjulo Bargude Balta ◽  
Lambebo Amanuel Fanta
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

Background: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is estimated to have been practiced on at least 200 million girls and women in 30 countries around the world. Clitoridoctomy is the most common type of FGM in Ethiopia. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude of Female Genital Mutilation and associated factors among women’s of Wolayita zone. Methods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional study was used. Face-to-face interviews with prepared questionnaires were used to collect data. SPSS version 20 software was used to analyze the data. The prevalence of FGM was determined using descriptive statistics. The researchers utilized a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model to find independent determinants of FGM. Result: 296 women were undergone FGM out of a total of 333, indicating that FGM is prevalent in the research area (88.9%). Age (AOR-1.86, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98) and support to reduce sexual due to hyperactivity (AOR: 14.595, 95% CI: 3.391-6.807) were all independently linked to FGM. Conclusion: An integrated effort administrative and surrounding community intervention to be initiated to alleviate FGM practices through empowering women, discouraging risky factors like traditions; and sensitizing parents, community members and the public focusing on the rejecting of FGM.

scholarly journals Hierarchical modelling of factors associated with the practice and perpetuation of female genital mutilation in the next generation of women in Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250411
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Imran Oludare Morhason-Bello ◽  
Yusuf Olushola Kareem ◽  
Erhabor Sunday Idemudia
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Future Burden ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Female Genital

Despite a total prohibition on the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), young girls continue to be victims in some African countries. There is a paucity of data on the effect of FGM practice in two generations in Africa. This study assessed the current practice of daughters’ FGM among women living in 14 FGM-prone countries in Africa as a proxy to assess the future burden of FGM in the continent. We used Demographic and Health Surveys data collected between 2010 and 2018 from 14 African countries. We analyzed information on 93,063 women-daughter pair (Level 1) from 8,396 communities (Level 2) from the 14 countries (Level 3). We fitted hierarchical multivariable binomial logistic regression models using the MLWin 3.03 module in Stata version 16 at p<0.05. The overall prevalence of FGM among mothers and their daughters was 60.0% and 21.7%, respectively, corresponding to 63.8% reduction in the mother-daughter ratio of FGM. The prevalence of FGM among daughters in Togo and Tanzania were less than one per cent, 48.6% in Guinea, with the highest prevalence of 78.3% found in Mali. The percentage reduction in mother-daughter FGM ratio was highest in Tanzania (96.7%) and Togo (94.2%), compared with 10.0% in Niger, 15.0% in Nigeria and 15.9% in Mali. Prevalence of daughters’ FGM among women with and without FGM was 34.0% and 3.1% respectively. The risk of mothers having FGM for their daughters was significantly associated with maternal age, educational status, religion, household wealth quintiles, place of residence, community unemployment and community poverty. The country and community where the women lived explained about 57% and 42% of the total variation in FGM procurement for daughters. Procurement of FGM for the daughters of the present generation of mothers in Africa is common, mainly, among those from low social, poorer, rural and less educated women. We advocate for more context-specific studies to fully assess the role of each of the identified risk factors and design sustainable intervention towards the elimination of FGM in Africa.

scholarly journals The socioeconomic dynamics of trends in female genital mutilation/cutting across Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e003088
Author(s):  
Ewa Batyra ◽  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Ben Wilson ◽  
Valeria Cetorelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Socioeconomic Differentials ◽  
Female Genital

BackgroundThe majority of women who undergo female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) live in Africa. Although the UN Sustainable Development Goals call for intensified efforts to accelerate the abandonment of FGM/C, little is known about where in Africa the declines in prevalence have been fastest and whether changes in prevalence differ by women’s socioeconomic status.MethodsWe use data from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for 23 African countries, collected between 2002 and 2016, and covering 293 170 women. We reconstruct long-term cohort trends in FGM/C prevalence spanning 35 years, for women born between 1965 and 1999. We compute absolute and relative changes in FGM/C prevalence and differentials in prevalence by women’s education and urban-rural residence. We examine whether socioeconomic differences in FGM/C are converging or diverging.FindingsFGM/C prevalence has declined fastest (in relative terms) in countries with lower initial prevalence, and more slowly in countries with higher initial prevalence. Although better-educated women and those living in urban areas tend to have lower prevalence, in some countries the opposite pattern is observed. Socioeconomic differentials in FGM/C have grown in the majority of countries, particularly in countries with moderate-to-higher overall prevalence.ConclusionsThe documented relationship between absolute and relative FGM/C prevalence rates suggests that in settings with higher initial prevalence, FGM/C practice is likely to be more entrenched and to change more slowly. There is substantial variation between countries in socioeconomic differentials in prevalence and their changes over time. As countries change from higher to lower overall prevalence, socioeconomic inequalities in FGM/C are increasing.

The Attitudes toward Female Genital Mutilation: A Survey among the Residents of Uramanat Region, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Mahmoudi ◽  
Elham Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Genital Organ ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Female Genital

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to the removal of a part or the entire female genital organ, which is often performed by a local individual using a blade without any anesthetics. FGM is concentrated in some African countries, Asia, and the Middle East. Objective: The present study was conducted in Iran, where FGM is a religious practice and not considered a crime, aiming to evaluate the information, beliefs, and understanding of the phenomenon among the residents of Uramanat (Javanrood, Ravansar, Salas, and Paveh cities) and compare the differences in the responses of the residents. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed among the Uramanat residents of Kermanshah province, Iran. Data were collected on the age, marital status, attitude, and knowledge of FGM. Results: The survey was implemented among 250 residents of the Uramanat region, and 212 questionnaires (82.7%) were returned by 96 women (47%) and 109 men (54%). Notably, 66.8% of the female participants had been circumcised. The findings indicated that 81.04% of the male residents and 88.5% of the female residents believed that FGM is a religious practice. Only 8.1% of the female residents compared to 18.7% of the male residents considered FGM to be illegal. Although 78.8% of the male participants stated that their spouse was circumcised, the majority of the men (57.8%) preferred a wife with a healthy female genitalia. Conclusions: According to the results, there are numerous and confusing perspectives regarding FGM. The lack of specific rules and knowledge about the psychological, sexual, and physical effects of FGM lead to the continuation of this practice. Therefore, raising the awareness of various social groups about FGM and its complications could put an end to this inhuman issue.

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