Support role undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in genital organ rolapse evolution

Одним из наиболее значимых факторов риска формирования опущений и выпадений внутренних половых органов являются заболевания соединительной ткани. Неуклонный рост числа женщин, страдающих пролапсом органов малого таза, привел к тому, что данная патология стала как медицинской, так и социально-экономической проблемой во многих странах. В то же время данные о роли недифференцированных дисплазий соединительной ткани в развитии пролапса органов малого таза и в формировании недостаточности тазового дна и возможности использования ее с целью прогнозирования данной патологии разноречивы. С целью определения взаимосвязи проявления недифференцированных дисплазий соединительной ткани с развитием пролапса органов малого таза был проведен ретроспективный анализ 157 историй болезни пациенток с пролапсом гениталий. У 27,39% пациенток были отмечены проявления дисплазий соединительной ткани. В 39,53% случаев было выявлено сочетание проявления недифференцированных дисплазий соединительной ткани с родовым травматизмом. У 16,28% от количества случаев с родовым травматизмом и пролапсом органов малого таза выявлены выраженные формы дисплазии соединительной ткани (варикозное расширение вен нижних конечностей, полипоз кишечника, пролапс митрального клапана), потребовавшие хирургической коррекция до беременности или после родов. Выявленная у каждой третьей пациентки, оперированной по поводу несостоятельности тазового дна, недифференцированная дисплазия соединительной ткани позволяет рассматривать ее как фактор риска развития пролапса органов малого таза, особенно в сочетании с травматизацией промежности в родах. Однако для оценки роли и значимости патологии соединительной ткани в прогнозировании формирования опущения и выпадения внутренних половых органов малого таза у женщин необходимы проспективные рандомизированные исследования. One of the most significant risk factors for the formation of internal genital organs is connective tissue diseases. The steady increase in the number of women suffering from pelvic organ prolapse has led to the fact that this pathology has become both a medical and socio-economic problem in many countries. At the same time, the data on the role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasias in the development of pelvic organ prolapse and in the formation of pelvic floor insufficiency and the possibility of using it to predict this pathology are contradictory. To determine the relationship between the manifestation of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and the development of pelvic organ prolapse, a retrospective analysis of 157 case histories of patients with genital prolapse was carried out. In 27,39% of patients, manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia were noted. In 39,53% of cases, a combination of the manifestation of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasias with birth traumatism was revealed. Severe forms of connective tissue dysplasia (varicose veins of the lower extremities, intestinal polyposis, mitral valve prolapse) were found in 16,28% of the number of cases with birth traumatism and pelvic organ prolapse, which required surgical correction before pregnancy or after childbirth. Revealed in every third patient operated on for pelvic floor incompetence, undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasias allows us to consider it as a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse, especially in combination with perineal trauma during childbirth. However, to assess the role and significance of connective tissue pathology in predicting the formation of prolapse and prolapse of the internal genital organs of the small pelvis in a woman, prospective randomized studies are needed. Keywords: genital prolapse, connective tissue dysplasia, risk factors, social-active age, surgical treatment.

Analysis of the Treatment Costs of Malignant Tumor Diseases in China’s Hunan Province Based on“System of Health Account 2011”

Objective: To calculate and analyze the treatment costs of malignant tumors in Hunan Province in 2019, and to provide data support for the formulation and implementation of policies by the health department. Methods: Refer to the "2019 Hunan Province Health Finance Annual Report" and "2019 Hunan Province Health Statistics Summary", based on the “System of Health Account 2011”, calculate and analyze the disease types, beneficiaries, institutional distribution and financing status of malignant tumors diseases. Results: In 2019, the total cost of malignant tumor treatment in Hunan Province was 440,596,800 yuan. The top five were malignant tumors of digestive organs (40.10%), malignant tumors of respiratory and intrathoracic organs (17.62%), and malignant tumors of breast (12.24%), female genital organ malignant tumors (9.88%) and lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors (6.87%). The 35 to 79-year-old age group has higher treatment costs. The costs are concentrated in general hospitals. Funding sources mainly come from government financing and family health expenditure. The main influencing factors of malignant tumor hospitalization expenses are gender, length of stay, age, drug proportion, institution level and medical institution type.Conclusions: The disease burden of malignant tumors is relatively serious; primary medical and health institutions lack health resources; and household health expenditure accounts for a relatively high proportion. Therefore, hierarchical diagnosis and treatment should be promoted reasonably, focused on key diseases and populations, and medical security policies should be improved to ensure that patients with malignant tumors and their families’ economic burden of disease can be reduced.

​Induction of Postpartum Oestrus in Lakhimi Cows through Hormonal and Nutritional Interventions

Background: Postpartum anoestrus is the most devastating cause of the dairy farming which causes more economic losses to the farmers. The present study was conducted to record the incidence of postpartum anoestrus and to evolve a suitable therapeutic regime for addressing postpartum anoestrus in Lakhimi cows. Methods: A total of 1000 Lakhimi cows maintained in different villages of Assam were selected and the incidence rate was recorded on the basis of breeding records provided by the farmers, per-rectal examination and ultrasonography screening of genital organ. To study the effect of hormonal and nutritional interventions in post partum anoestrus cows, the cows were divided randomly into seven groups comprising twelve animals in each group. The different treatment regimes were Hydroxyprogesterone caproate + eCG, Clomiphene citrate alone, Clomiphene citrate + Mineral mixture, GnRH analogue alone, GnRH analogue + Mineral mixture, Mineral mixture alone and control. The response to different treatment regimes was based on oestrus response, mean interval from the end of treatment to onset of oestrus and conception rate. Result: The incidence of postpartum anoestrus was found to be 20.60%. Clomiphene citrate + Mineral mixture administration regime brought about the highest oestrus induction response (100.00%) and conception rate (66.67%).

46, XY DSD (Disorder of Sex Development) : Diagnosis dan Tatalaksananya.

Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) is a congenital disorder that occurs in the development of chromosomes, gonads, and internal or external genital organ. DSD of 46 XY is a condition where the children with XY genotype is not able to have complete virilization of external genital. Determination phase is an initial phase of reproductive system development. Disruption of this phase may potentially lead to DSD. Optimal care for children with Disorder of Sex Development requires a multidisciplinary team starting since neonatal period. Family and pregnancy history, complete physical examination and assessment of genital organ are the first step of ensuring the diagnose. Management of children with DSD are focusing on gender determination, hormone support therapy and surgical management. On the other hand, Children with XY genotype should be raised as a boy however if there is no responsive evidence in administration of androgen the children should be raised as a girl. Subsequent to prescribe the gender of the children, surgical management is a required treatment for removing unnecessary genital afterward. Keywords: Disorders of Sex Development, DSD, 46 XY DSD

Two new feather mites of the genus Proctophyllodes (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines of China (Aves: Passeriformes)

Two new species of the feather mite genus Proctophyllodes (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae) are described from two passerine birds (Passeriformes) in China: Proctophyllodes scleroticus sp. nov. from the Brandt's Mountain Finch Leucosticte brandti pallidior (Fringillidae) and P. micrurus sp. nov. from the White-rumped Snow Finch Onychostruthus taczanowskii (Passeridae). Proctophyllodes scleroticus sp. nov. belongs to the tricetratus species-group, and differs from the most similar species P. petroniae Atyeo & Braasch, 1966 by the following characters: in male, the genital sheath is heavily sclerotized, peach shaped, and extending to the level of setae g, anal suckers are surrounded with a pair of membranes, and terminal lamella is relatively greater, and in female, lobar shield is divided into two independent shields by the anal opening and anal opening extends beyond the level of setae ps1, terminal appendage is long. Proctophyllodes micrurus sp. nov. belongs to the musicus species-group, and differs from the most similar species P. saltatoris Atyeo & Braasch, 1966 by the following characters: in male, genital arch and the anterior part of opisthogastric shield are about the same width, anal suckers are surrounded with a pair of membranes, genital organ extends to the anterior 1/3 of the level of setae g and setae ps3, terminal lamella are located closely to each other and slightly greater, and in female, lobar shields are medially divided into two halves, terminal appendages are small, about 1/10 of setae h3, edge of the cleft is almost horizontal.

Association of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length with Prevalent and Incident Cancer and Cancer Mortality in Women: A Prospective Swedish Population-Based Study

Changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and telomere length have, separately, been proposed as risk factors for various cancer types. However, those results are conflicting. Here, mtDNA-CN and relative telomere length were measured in 3225 middle-aged women included in a large population-based prospective cohort. The baseline mtDNA-CN in patients with prevalent breast cancer was significantly higher (12.39 copies/µL) than cancer-free individuals. During an average of 15.2 years of follow-up, 520 patients were diagnosed with cancer. Lower mtDNA-CN was associated with decreased risk of genital organ cancer (hazard ratio (HR), 0.84), and shorter telomere length was associated with increased risk of urinary system cancer (HR, 1.79). Furthermore, mtDNA-CN was inversely associated with all-cause (HR, 1.20) and cancer-specific mortality (HR, 1.21) when considering all cancer types. Surprisingly, shorter telomere length was associated with decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality when considering all cancer types (HR, 0.85). Finally, lower mtDNA-CN and shorter telomere length were associated with increased risk of both all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in genital organ cancer patients. In this study population, we found that mtDNA-CN and telomere length were significantly associated with prevalent and incident cancer and cancer mortality. However, these associations were cancer type specific and need further investigation.

Classical Koro and Koro-Like Symptoms: Illustration from Canada

Koro syndrome has been colorfully described as a pathological distortion of one’s body image of the genital organ. In Koro, body image dysphoria is characterized by severe anxiety related to the delusional idea that one’s genitals will shrink and retract into one’s abdomen, eventually leading to death. This syndrome was first reported in South East Asia, where endemics have been described, but it has also sporadically occurred globally. We present a systematic literature review on Koro syndrome and report 7 cases from Canada. A search review with PubMed and Google Scholar resulted in 504 entries. Sixty-seven manuscripts were eventually selected following a thorough elimination process. The resultant literature underscored the cultural diversity that underlay the reported cases. Various aspects of Koro have been examined (eg, etiological, clinical, diagnostic, and cultural aspects). It has stimulated substantial scholarly debate, discussions, correspondences, and arguments from anthropological, psychiatric, psychological, and biological perspectives. In our series, it seems that Koro could have been misattributed here. The primary concern was not with penile retraction of the cases. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a series of cases is documented from North America where the syndrome is often ignored. We highlight the potential differences between the classical Koro syndrome and a collection of beliefs related to the perception or delusion of penile retraction in other codable psychiatric disorders, Koro-like syndrome. Understanding Koro syndrome beyond geographic boundaries is in line with our collected case reports of Koro from outside Asia.

MULLER CYST IN A YOUNG PATIENT

Muller cyst is very rare. It is found in about 5% of azoosperm patients. It is a residual embryological vestige of the female genital organ in men. It is a collection developed in the residual uterine cavity of man called the prostatic utricle. [1] it is a benign lesion, most often congenital, rarely acquired. This lesion may be asymptomatic or symptomatic, and may in rare cases be associated with renal agenesis. [2] various means of treatment, treatment is compulsory for cysts that are symptomatic and / or complicated by subfertility. We report here a case of mullers cyst in a young patient treated by puncture and evacuation.

On the authorship and publication dates of the nomina Theraphosa and Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)

The family Theraphosidae is the most speciose in the infraorder Mygalomorphae Pocock, 1892 with over one thousand described species (World Spider Catalog 2021). The taxonomy of the group has been subjected to considerable attention in modern times, with a focus on delineation based predominantly on genital organ and stridulatory organ morphology which has shown promise, both alongside molecular methods (where possible) and as a stand-alone line of evidence, in stabilising the group (e.g. Hamilton et al. 2016; Fabiano-da-Silva et al. 2020; see also Sherwood 2020). The predominant reference to the family is as Theraphosidae Thorell, 1870 with almost as many references to Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869. This non-congruence of dates is because Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell (1830–1901) had his important work On European Spiders published in two parts during its publication by the Royal Society of Upsala in its journal Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis. The first half (pages 1–108 and the supplement I–XIII) was published in 1869 whereas pages 109–242 (despite being dated on the cover page as 1869) were published in 1870 (see Roewer 1942; Bonnet 1945; World Spider Catalog 2021). In the second part, the secretary of the society notes: “L’auteur avait proposé comme titre du présent mémoire: Remarks on Synonyms of European Spiders, preceded by some observations on Zoological Nomenclature and a Review of the European Genera of Spiders; mais, la partie, insérée dans le Tome VII, étant seule présentée à la Société des Sciences le 13 Fevr. 1869, il a été nécessaii’e d’y conformer le titre.” [= The author proposed as the title of this memoir: Remarks on Synonyms of European Spiders, preceded by some observations on Zoological Nomenclature and a Review of the European Genera of Spiders; but, the part, inserted in Volume VII, being the only one presented to the Société des Sciences on 13 Feb. 1869, it was necessary to conform the title to it.].