scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates from Ancestral Caddo Sites in Cherokee, Fannin, Hopkins, Nacogdoches, and Wood Counties, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
Organic Remains

In order to continue to expand the utility of the East Texas Radiocarbon Database to better understand the age of archaeological components at sites, as well as temporal trends in settlement by Native Americans in East Texas, archaeologists need to seek out samples wherever such samples can be obtained. This includes organic remains (i.e., plant and animal remains) from intact archaeological deposits as well as organic remains preserved in well-maintained curated collections. This article presents the results of AMS dating of plant remains or animal bones at five different ancestral Caddo sites in East Texas.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dates from Aboriginal Sites in Cherokee, Henderson, and Tyler Counties in East Texas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Neches River

The newly obtained radiocarbon dates discussed in this article were done by DirectAMS of Seattle, Washington. Three of the sites have only a single AMS radiocarbon date, while four radiocarbon dates have been obtained from the M. S. Roberts site (41HS8) on Caddo Creek in the Neches River basin. The radiocarbon ages obtained on these samples have been calibrated to 2 sigma using IntCal 13 (Reimer et al. 2013). These dates were obtained to continue to expand the utility of the East Texas Radiocarbon Database to better understand the age of archaeological components at sites in the region, as well as ascertain temporal trends in settlement by Native Americans in East Texas (cf. Selden 2012; Selden and Perttula 2013a, 2013b).

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Robert Z. Selden
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
Sabine River ◽  
Organic Remains

In this article, we report the results of AMS dating of organic remains from ancestral East Texas Caddo sites in Gregg and Harrison counties. These sites are the Wade site (GC-38), a Middle Caddo period habitation in the mid-Sabine River basin, as well as from vessels (in the Gregg County Historical Museum) placed in Caddo burials at the Susie Slade (41HS13), Hyte, Eli Fields, J. O. and Henry Brown (41HS261), and the Patton (41HS825) sites in the Big Cypress and mid-Sabine River basins, and a vessel from an unknown site in the Big Cypress Creek basin.

New Radiocarbon Dates from the Sanders Site (41LR2), Lamar County, Texas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Red River ◽  
East Texas ◽  
The West ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Two Samples

Recent archaeological investigations at the West Mound at the Sanders site (41LR2), on the Red River in Lamar County, Texas, disclosed substantial archaeological deposits associated with a burned clay floor to an ancestral Caddo structure in the mound. A significant part of the archaeological deposit were unburned animal bones of turtle, deer, and bison, along with Middle Caddo period, Sanders phase, fine and utility ware ceramic sherds; Sanders is one of 26 known Caddo sites in East Texas with bison bones and/or tools. In this article, I discuss the results of the radiocarbon dating of two samples of animal bone—deer and bison—from the West Mound at the Sanders site.

Flotation Techniques for the Recovery of Small-Scale Archaeological Remains

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Struever
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Small Plant ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Flotation Technique

AbstractThis paper outlines the procedures and equipment necessary for applying a simple flotation technique to recover animal bone, seeds, and other small cultural remains lost in the normal screening of soils from archaeological sites. Soil is initially processed in the field by a water-separation technique. The resulting concentrate is later treated, in the laboratory, by chemical flotation, to separate faunal from plant remains.This simple, inexpensive technique enables processing of soil in quantity, thereby allowing recovery of small plant and animal remains from midden or feature fills where they occur in very low densities.It is argued that, without use of such a flotation procedure, inferences about prehistoric subsistence patterns from faunal and floral remains are sharply biased in favor of larger animals and in favor of hunting, over natural plant food collecting, since conventional screens are not adequate for recovery of most plant remains or small animal bones.

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates from the Shelby Mound Site (41CP71) on Greasy Creek in the Big Cypress Creek Basin of East Texas

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Robert Z. Selden
Keyword(s):  
Political Community ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Center ◽  
The Village ◽  
Small Tributary ◽  
Organic Remains

Six new radiocarbon dates have been obtained from the Shelby Mound site (41CP71) in the Big Cypress Creek basin in East Texas. They are on charred organic remains—corn cupules and glumes and Hickory (Carya sp.) nutshell—identified in several levels in and immediately below the mound deposits. The Shelby Mound site on Greasy Creek is the social and political center of an ancestral Caddo Greasy Creek political community. It stretches for several hundred meters along Greasy Creek and a small tributary, with an earthen mound at the northern end of the village and a large cemetery at its southern end. Domestic village areas are between the mound and the cemetery and cover at least 10-15 acres. The Titus phase earthen mound covered a burned structure at the base of the mound, and a second structure had been built that stood on the mound itself, and was then burned and capped first with clay and then with a final sandy fill intermixed with midden deposits. The arrangement of the mound, domestic areas, and planned cemetery here is essentially duplicated at other important Titus phase communities in the Big Cypress Creek basin, although the village areas and the size of the cemetery at the Shelby Mound site are considerably larger than most of the others. Based on work at the site in 2002, the north levee area at the Shelby Mound site was found to have thick midden deposits and evidence for several burned structures, implying the existence of an intensive occupation throughout the life of the community.

Late-Weichselian conditions in south eastern Britain: organic deposits at Colney Heath, Herts

1964 ◽  
Vol 160 (979) ◽  
pp. 258-275 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
Organic Deposits

Peat erratics in gravel at Colney Heath, near St Albans, have been shown to have a radio-carbon age of 13560 years ± 210. Detailed pollen analyses, identifications of macroscopic plant remains and identifications of Bryophyta are now presented and linked with reports upon Coleopteran remains already published. These results are shown to be closely similar to those of other river terrace deposits of the region including the Lea Valley Arctic Plant Bed, the Barnwell Station Plant Bed, and stages of the Nazeing (Lea Valley) deposits. Radiocarbon dates place all these within the late Weichselian and it appears that all were formed and preserved by temporary and local changes in the valleys, rather than as a result of general climatic shift. They may be taken to reflect the general late-Weichselian fauna and flora that persisted south of the ice-sheets in Britain during the later part of the last glaciation, and they are the antecedent stage to the now well-known late-Glacial Period. The late-Weichselian vegetation of this region was apparently without woodland, although dwarf shrubs including arctic birch and dwarf willows were abundant, there was a considerable variety of dry-land plants, including many heliophytes and plants of open ground, and aquatic and marsh plants were present in abundance and variety. The plant lists include many of strongly northern or arctic alpine range, but there are already present a few species with decidedly southern range, as well as many widely ranging species. A few species of both oceanic and continental range are also present. The plant evidence accords with that from the animal remains.

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates from the Sanders Site (41LR2), Lamar County, Texas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Red River ◽  
East Texas ◽  
The West ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Two Samples

Recent archaeological investigations at the West Mound at the Sanders site (41lR2), on the Red River in Lamar County, Texas, disclosed substantial archaeological deposits associated with a burned clay floor to an ancestral Caddo structure in the mound. A significant part of the archaeological deposit were unburned animal bones of turtle, deer, and bison, along with Middle Caddo period, Sanders phase, fine and utility ware ceramic sherds; Sanders is one of 26 known Caddo sites in East Texas with bison bones and/or tools. In this article, I discuss the results of the radiocarbon dating of two samples of animal bone—deer and bison—from the West Mound at the Sanders site.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dates from the Pine Snake Site (41CE467), Cherokee County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Private Land ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Pine Snake ◽  
Neches River

The Pine Snake site is a late 17th to early 18th century Caddo Indian archaeological site located on private land in the northwestern part of Cherokee County, Texas, in the valley of the westward-flowing Flat Creek, a tributary to the Neches River. This is an area of the Pineywoods of East Texas that contains extensive numbers of Caddo archeological sites along all major and minor streams. Post-A.D. 1400 Frankston phase and post-A.D. 1650 Historic Caddo Allen phase sites, especially cemeteries dating to either phase, are particularly abundant in this part of East Texas. However, not many of these sites in the upper Neches River basin have had radiocarbon assays obtained from charred plant remains in feature contexts, and consequently the absolute age of most of these ancestral Caddo components and phases are not well or definitively established. Fortunately, charred Carya sp. nutshells are abundant in feature contexts in habitation deposits at the Pine Snake site, and samples of these remains have been submitted to DirectAMS (Seattle, Washington) for radiocarbon dating.

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Robert Z. Selden
Keyword(s):  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Atmospheric Data ◽  
Organic Remains

In this article, we report on new radiocarbon dates obtained from five Caddo sites in East Texas. The radiocarbon samples are charred organic remains scraped off of one surface of whole vessels or sherds. These samples are from the Johns (41CP12), Shelby Mound (41CP7l), Gilbert (41RA13), Henry Spencer (41UR315), and Henry Williams (41UR318) sites. All of the dates are calibrated using Ox Cal v4.1.7, with atmospheric data from Reimer.

scholarly journals Titus Phase Ceramics from the Pine Tree Farm Site (41WD51) in the Lake Fork Creek Basin, Wood County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Tree Farm

The Pine Tree Farm site, an ancestral Caddo site occupied during the Titus phase (ca. A.D. 1430- 1680), was recorded by Bob D. Skiles in June 1977, on the basis of investigations conducted there by Skiles and James E. Bruseth, then a graduate student at Southern Methodist University, as well as work done by Skiles in 1970. The site is on a flat upland landform (400 ft. amsl) ca. 300 m northeast of Myrtle Springs Branch, a tributary to Dry Creek in the Lake Fork Creek drainage in the East Texas Pineywoods. The Goldsmith site (41WD208) is ca. 0.4 km to the east on Dry Creek, and several kilometers below the dam at Lake Quitman. The Dry Creek drainage basin, as well as the Caney Creek arm of Lake Fork Reservoir, have clusters of Late Caddo period Titus phase sites. The main known feature at the site was a large trash midden or midden mound that was ca. 20 x 22 m in size and approximately 35 cm in thickness. The midden deposits contained many Caddo ceramic vessel sherds, animal bones, mussel shell, charcoal and other charred plant remains (hickory nut shells), and ash deposits. Most of the trash midden was excavated in 1970, but there were intact midden deposits along the western and southern part of the trash midden, and in June 1977, several small units were excavated by Skiles and Bruseth in those areas. The ancestral Caddo ceramics discussed herein come from Units 2-4 in the southern part of the trash midden, but are not all of the sherds that were recovered in that work.

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