Fractal Analysis of Maine's Glaciated Shoreline Tests Established Coastal Classification Scheme

2006 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 1300-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Tanner ◽  
Edmund Perfect ◽  
Joseph T. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Coastal Classification

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

A Perturbation Theory for the Population of Atomic Energy Levels in Non-Lte Plasmas

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
M. Klapisch
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Small Parameter ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Sum Rules ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Formal Expansion ◽  
Atomic Energy Levels ◽  
As Effects

AbstractA formal expansion of the CRM in powers of a small parameter is presented. The terms of the expansion are products of matrices. Inverses are interpreted as effects of cascades.It will be shown that this allows for the separation of the different contributions to the populations, thus providing a natural classification scheme for processes involving atoms in plasmas. Sum rules can be formulated, allowing the population of the levels, in some simple cases, to be related in a transparent way to the quantum numbers.

The value of Electron Microscope studies of imperfect natural diamonds

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
J C Walmsley ◽  
A R Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Natural Diamond ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Diamond Growth ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Natural Diamonds ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Platelet Defects

Interest in the defects and impurities in natural diamond, which are found in even the most perfect stone, is driven by the fact that diamond growth occurs at a depth of over 120Km. They display characteristics associated with their origin and their journey through the mantle to the surface of the Earth. An optical classification scheme for diamond exists based largely on the presence and segregation of nitrogen. For example type Ia, which includes 98% of all natural diamonds, contain nitrogen aggregated into small non-paramagnetic clusters and usually contain sub-micrometre platelet defects on {100} planes. Numerous transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of these platelets and associated features have been made e.g. . Some diamonds, however, contain imperfections and impurities that place them outside this main classification scheme. Two such types are described.First, coated-diamonds which possess gem quality cores enclosed by a rind that is rich in submicrometre sized mineral inclusions. The transition from core to coat is quite sharp indicating a sudden change in growth conditions, Figure 1. As part of a TEM study of the inclusions apatite has been identified as a major constituent of the impurity present in many inclusion cavities, Figure 2.

Heterogeneity of Cerebral Blood Flow: a Fractal Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hartikainen ◽  
J. T. Kuikka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fractal Approach

Summary Aim: We demonstrate the heterogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow using a fractal approach and singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT). Method: Tc-99m-labelled ethylcysteine dimer was injected intravenously in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with dementia of frontal lobe type. The head was imaged with a gamma camera and transaxial, sagittal and coronal slices were reconstructed. Two hundred fifty-six symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn onto each hemisphere of functioning brain matter. Fractal analysis was used to examine the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow as a function of the number of ROIs. Results: Relative dispersion (= coefficient of variation of the regional flows) was fractal-like in healthy subjects and could be characterized by a fractal dimension of 1.17 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) for the left hemisphere and 1.15 ± 0.04 for the right hemisphere, respectively. The fractal dimension of 1.0 reflects completely homogeneous blood flow and 1.5 indicates a random blood flow distribution. Patients with dementia of frontal lobe type had a significantly lower fractal dimension of 1.04 ± 0.03 than in healthy controls. Conclusion: Within the limits of spatial resolution of SPECT, the heterogeneity of brain blood flow is well characterized by a fractal dimension. Fractal analysis may help brain scientists to assess age-, sex- and laterality-related anatomic and physiological changes of brain blood flow and possibly to improve precision of diagnostic information available for patient care.

Air Pollution Attributable Deaths: A Global View Through Fractal Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Melvin de Castro ◽  
◽  
Tonette Villanueva ◽  
Grace Arcamo ◽  
Rayna Lynn de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Global View

Structure characterization of ground calcium carbonate flocs by fractal analysis and their effects on handsheet properties

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANHEE IM ◽  
HAK LAE LEE ◽  
HYE JUNG YOUN ◽  
DONGIL SEO
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Mass Fractal ◽  
Handsheet Properties

Preflocculation of filler particles before their addition to pulp stock provides the most viable and practical solution to increase filler content while minimizing strength loss. The characteristics of filler flocs, such as floc size and structure, have a strong influence on preflocculation efficiency. The influence of flocculant systems on the structural characteristics of filler flocs was examined using a mass fractal analysis method. Mass fractal dimensions of filler flocs under high shear conditions were obtained using light diffraction spectroscopy for three different flocculants. A single polymer (C-PAM), a dual cationic polymer (p-DADMAC/C-PAM) and a C-PAM/micropolymer system were used as flocculants, and their effects on handsheet properties were investigated. The C-PAM/micropolymer system gave the greatest improvement in tensile index. The mass fractal analysis showed that this can be attributed to the formation of highly dense and spherical flocs by this flocculant. A cross-sectional analysis of the handsheets showed that filler flocs with more uniform size were formed when a C-PAM/micropolymer was used. The results suggest that a better understanding of the characteristics of preflocculated fillers and their influence on the properties of paper can be gained based on a fractal analysis.

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