New Fluorometric Method for the Determination of Ketotifen Fumarate Using Continuous Flow Injection Analysis via ISNAG-fluorimeter

A newly developed analytical method was conducted for the determination of Ketotifen fumarate (KTF) in pharmaceuticals drugs via quenching of continuous fluorescence of 9(10H)-Acridone (ACD). The method was applied using flow injection system of a new homemade ISNAG fluorimeter with fluorescence measurements at ± 90◦ via 2×4 solar cell. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 1-45 mmol/L, with correlation coefficient r = 0.9762 and the limit of detection 29.785 µg/sample from the stepwise dilution for the minimum concentration in the linear dynamic ranged of the calibration graph. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Ketotifen fumarate in two different pharmaceutical drugs. A comparison was made between the newly developed method analysis and the classical method using the standard addition method via the use of individual and paired t-test and F-test. It was noticed that there was no significant difference between the two methods at 95 % confidence level.

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Simultaneous Determination of Trace Mefenamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Samples via Flow Injection Fluorometry

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.10.3.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 395-401

Author(s):

Mohammad K. Hammood ◽

Maryam Hamed

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Mefenamic Acid ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Basic Medium ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Pharmaceutical Samples ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

532 Nm

Mefenamic acid belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used widely for the treatment of analgesia. Our aim from this study is to establish a new assay for the quantitative determination of mefenamic acid (MFA) in the pharmaceutical sample by two sensitive and rapid flow injection-fluorometric methods. A homemade fluorometer was used in fluorescence measurements, which using solid-state laser diode 405 and 532 nm as a source, combined with a continuous flow injection technique. The first method depends on the effect of MFA on calcein blue (CLB) fluorescence at 405 nm. Another method is a study of rhodamine-6G (Rh-6G) fluorescence after adding MFA, and recording at 532 nm. Optimum parameters as fluorescent dye concentration, basic medium, flow rate, sample volume, purge time, and delay coil have been investigated. The dynamic range of MFA was 0.2 to 2 mmol.L-1; 0.5 to 2.3 mmol.L-1 with linearity percentage (% r2) 98.92 and 99.83%, for Rh-6G and CLB, respectively. Limit of detection at a minimum concentration in calibration curve 189.34 and 199.89 ng/sample, for Rh-6G and CLB, respectively. The comparison of developed methods with the classical method (UV-vis spectrophotometry) was achieved. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of MFA in the pharmaceutical samples and can be used as an alternative method.

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Flow injection analysis for the photometric determination of promethazine-HCl in pure and pharmaceutical preparation via oxidation by persulphate using Ayah 3SX3-3D solar micro photometer

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.10.4.1190-1202 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1190-1202

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Official Method ◽

Linear Dynamic Range ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Linear Dynamic ◽

Significant Difference

The first flow injection spectrophotometric method is characterized by its speed and sensitivity which have been developed for the determination of promethazine-HCl in pure and pharmaceutical preparation. It is based on the in situ detection of colored cationic radicals formed via oxidation of the drug with sodium persulphate to pinkish-red species and the same species was determined by using homemade Ayah 3SX3-3D solar flow injection photometer. Optimum conditions were obtained by using the high intensive green light emitted diode as a source. Linear dynamic range for the absorbance versus promethazine-HCl concentration was 0-7 mmol.L-1, with the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9904 while the percentage linearity (r2%) was 98.09%. the L.O.Q was 3.97 µg/sample, while L.O.D (S/N=3) = 0.2407µg/sample (5 µmol.L-1) from the stepwise dilution for the minimum concentration of lowest concentration in the linear dynamic range of the calibration graph. The R.S.D% at 2 mmol.L-1 promethazine-HCl is less than 1% (eight replicates) using 150 µL sample volume. Throughput 30 sample.hr-1. The method was applied successfully for the determination of promethazine-HCl in pharmaceutical preparation. By using paired t-test it was shown that there was no significant difference between the proposed method and official method and on that basis the new method can be accepted as an alternative analytical method.

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A novel online coupling of ion selective electrode with the flow injection system for the determination of vitamin B1

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.2.458-469 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 458-469

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Ion Selective Electrode ◽

Injection System ◽

Selective Electrode ◽

Flow Injection System

A simple, fast, selective of a new flow injection analysis method coupled with potentiometric detection was used to determine vitamin B1 in pharmaceutical formulations via the prepared new selective membranes. Two electrodes were constructed for the determination of vitamin B1 based on the ion-pair vitamin B1-phosphotungestic acid (B1-PTA) in a poly (vinyl chloride) supported with a plasticized di-butyl phthalate (DBPH) and di-butyl phosphate (DBP). Applications of these ion selective electrodes for the determination of vitamin B1 in the pharmaceutical preparations for batch and flow injection systems were described. The ion selective membrane exhibited a near-Nernstian slope values 56.88 and 58.53 mV / decade, with the linear dynamic range of vitamin B1 was 5 x 10-5- 1 x 10-2 and 1 x 10-4-1 x 10-2 mol.L-1, in batch and FIA, respectively. The limit of detection was 3.5 x 10-5 and 9.5 x 10-5 mol.L-1, with the percentage linearity 98.85 and 95.22 in batch and FIA, respectively. The suggested ion selective electrode has been utilized perfection in the determination of vitamin B1 in pharmaceutical formulations using batch and flow injection system, respectively.

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Determination of Picogram Levels of Roxithromycin in Pharmaceutical, Human Serum, and Urine by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence

ISRN Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.5402/2012/101092 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Jiangman Liu ◽

Huan Yang ◽

Yun Zhang ◽

Min Wu ◽

Haixiang Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Serum ◽

Flow Injection ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Injection System ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Flow Injection System ◽

Flow Injection Chemiluminescence ◽

Serum And Urine

A sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method, based on the inhibitory effect of roxithromycin (ROX) on the CL reaction between luminol and dissolved oxygen in a flow-injection system, was first proposed for the determination of ROX at picogram levels. The decrement of CL intensity was linearly proportional to the logarithm of ROX concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 pg mL-1, giving the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 pg mL-1 (3σ). At a flow rate of 2.0 mL min-1, a complete analytical procedure including sampling and washing could be performed within 0.5 min, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 5.0% (n=5). The proposed procedure was applied successfully to the determination of ROX in pharmaceutical, human serum, and urine with the recoveries ranging from 90.0 to 110.0%.

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Assessment of long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) by estimating the drug atenolol with ammonium molybdate via continuous flow injection analysis

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2020.17.1.0078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 0078

Author(s):

Elham N. Mezaal N. Mezaal

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Flow Injection Analysis ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Classical Method ◽

Standard Addition ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Ammonium Molybdate ◽

Long Distance ◽

Optimum Parameters

Atenolol was used with ammonium molybdate to prove the efficiency, reliability and repeatability of the long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) using continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on reaction between atenolol and ammonium molybdate in an aqueous medium to obtain a dark brown precipitate. Optimum parameters was studied to increase the sensitivity for developed method. A linear range for calibration graph was 0.1-3.5 mmol/L for cell A and 0.3-3.5 mmol/L for cell B, and LOD 133.1680 ng/100 µL and 532.6720 ng/100 µL for cell A and cell B respectively with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9910 for cell A and 0.9901 for cell B, RSD% was lower than 1%, (n=8) for the determination of atenolol at concentration (0.5, 0.7 and 5) mmol/L respectively. The results were compared with classical method UV-Spectrophotometric at λ max=270 nm using the standard addition method via the use of t-test, at 95% confidence level. The comparison of data explain that long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) is the choice with excellent extended detection and wide application.

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Flow-Injection Preconcentration of Chloramphenicol Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for HPLC Determination in Environmental Samples

Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/143416 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Damian Kowalski ◽

Ewa Poboży ◽

Marek Trojanowicz

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Injection System ◽

Imprinted Polymer ◽

Molecularly Imprinted ◽

Hplc System

The residue of antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) is important issue for food quality control and also for the environmental monitoring. It is banned for use in food-producing animals and has very limited use in human medicine, because of its severe impact on human health. Determination of trace level of CAP in environmental samples requires a very sensitive analytical method and efficient preconcentration procedure. CAP can be efficiently preconcentrated in flow-injection system using flow-through reactor packed with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), but determination of CAP in eluate from MIP requires the application of chromatographic separation, which was made in reversed-phase HPLC system with UV detection. In optimized conditions the limit of detection for 100 mL sample in HPLC with offline preconcentration on MIP was evaluated as 0.66 mg/L. In hyphenated FIA-HPLC system with zone sampling the LOD for developed method was evaluated as 15 ng/L, which indicates the possibility of using it for analysis of environmental samples.

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Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol in Pharmaceutical Formulations at Iodine-Coated Polycrystalline Platinum Electrode

METHODS AND OBJECTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ◽

10.17721/moca.2021.103-111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 103-111

Author(s):

Mohammad Amayreh ◽

Wafa Hourani ◽

Mohammed Khair Hourani

Keyword(s):

Platinum Electrode ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Supporting Electrolyte ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Polycrystalline Platinum ◽

Limit Of Quantitation ◽

Significant Difference

In this work the modified iodine-coated polycrystalline platinum electrode was used to develope a voltammetric sensor for paracetamol determination in pharmaceutical formulations. The optimized experimental parameters for the determination of paracetamol were using 0.5 M H2SO4 as a supporting electrolyte with a scan rate of 50 mV/s. The anodic peak related to paracetamol oxidation was centered at about +0.60 V. The extended calibration graph was constructed between 1 ppm and 500 ppm. The anodic current showed excellent linearity with R2 = 0.9985. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.046 and 0.139 ppm, respectively, which attests to the sensitivity of the method. The investigation for the effect of potential interferences from the content of tablet matrices indicated a specific selectivity toward paracetamol and the absence of any electrochemical response toward these components. The developed method was successfully applied to analysis paracetamol in three brands of pharmaceutical formulations and the obtained results were in good agreement with the labeled values, besides that, the statistical tests indicated no significant difference at p = 0.05 with a 95 % confidence level.

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Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Thymol using 4-Aminoantipyrine and Copper(II) Nitrate

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.12.2.332-339 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 332-339

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Copper Nitrate ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Mouth Wash

Flow-injection (FI) spectrophotometric method has been developed for the analysis of thymol in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on organic coupling reaction between thymol and 4-amino antipyrine in the presence of alkaline medium to form an intense stable red color complex with copper nitrate that has a maximum absorption at 490 nm. Optimum conditions for determination of the drug was investigated .The calibration graph was linear over the range of 5-500 µg.ml-1 of thymol . The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.81 ?g mL-1 and 3.60 ?g mL-1 respectively .The proposed method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of thymol in mouth wash preparations. The procedure is characterized by its simplicity, accuracy and precision.

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CFIA-Turbidimetric and Photometric Determination of Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) Using LEDs as a Source of Irradiation and Two Solar Cells as an Energy Transducer

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.14.4.773-786 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 773-786

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Classical Method ◽

Standard Addition ◽

Photometric Determination ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Ammonium Molybdate ◽

Simple Method ◽

Vitamin B9 ◽

Significant Difference

A specific, sensitive and simple method was used for the determination of: vitamin B9 (Folic acid) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations using continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on formation of ion pair compound between folic acid and ammonium molybdate in an aqueous medium to obtain a gray precipitate complex, using homemade; Ayah-6SX1-ST-2D solar cell CFI Analyzer. Optimum parameters was studied to increase the sensitivity for developed method. The linear range for the calibration graph was 0.01-0.6 mMol.L-1 of vitamin B9 and LOD was 131.994 ng/sample with correlation coefficient ( r ) of 0.9810, RSD% was lower than 0.1%, (n=9) for the determination of vitamin B9 at concentration (0.07and 0.5) mMol.L-1 respectively. The developed method was applied successfully for the determination of vitamin B9 in pharmaceutical tablets. A comparison was made between two methods: developed method and the classical UV spectrophotometric method at ?max=255 nm, by using the standard addition method via the use of paired t-test. It showed that there was no significant difference between the developed method and the classical method for determination vitamin B9 at 95% confidence level.

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