scholarly journals Maximum flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries: comparisons between observations and orbital forcing in the Cretaceous and Jurassic (65-190 Ma)

GeoArabia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robley K. Matthews ◽  
Cliff Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Orbital Forcing ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Sequence Boundaries

ABSTRACT We have undertaken a simplified calculation of orbital forcing back through the Cretaceous to the Late to Middle Jurassic from 65 to 190 Ma. So long as the Earth has a continental ice volume, orbital forcing will impose a 400-ky periodicity upon glacioeustasy and thereby on fourth-order sequence stratigraphy cycles. Similarly, third-order cycles were defined by orbital forcing of 2.4 ± 0.4 my (predominately 2.0- and 2.8-my cycles). These concepts greatly simplified the task of unraveling sequence stratigraphy. Our sea-level calculations are comparable with stratigraphic observations and the results are consistent with a persistent continental ice volume throughout the Late to Middle Jurassic and Cretaceous. In general, they compare well with the Arabian Plate Maximum Flooding Surfaces and the Cretaceous and Jurassic stage boundaries, within the limits of the recognized stratigraphic time scales. We used simple Parametric Forward Models (PFMs) for modeling changes in sea level, subsidence, and sedimentation and noted that PFMs can be applied to other tasks. The results will provide for rapid, cost-effective forward modeling on tasks such as reservoir characterization and flow simulation.

scholarly journals FORWARD MODELING OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND DIAGENESIS: Application to Rapid, Cost-Effective Carbonate Reservoir Characterization

GeoArabia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robley K. Matthews ◽  
Cliff Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization

ABSTRACT Dynamic forward modeling of carbonate reservoir sequence stratigraphy and diagenetic overprint can yield rapid, cost-effective reservoir characterization. The common practice in reservoir characterization now relies heavily on massive data accumulation and geostatistics to produce the three-dimensional geocellular static model which is the basis for flow simulation. In dynamic forward modeling, reliance on understanding of geological process allows high resolution prediction of the geometry of permeable and impermeable units and horizons within the reservoir. Data requirements are reduced to state-of-the-art information on a relatively small number of control wells which constrain and calibrate the forward model. Sensitivity-testing among formally-stated competing concepts is encouraged. In the long-term, it is the accurate prediction of reservoir response to future production that will afford choice among competing static models and flow simulations. The goal should be to predict future problems and avoid them, rather than wait to observe problems and react to them.

scholarly journals Sequence stratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and facies analysis of Cambrian Series 2 – Series 3 boundary strata in northwestern Scotland

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUKE E. FAGGETTER ◽  
PAUL B. WIGNALL ◽  
SARA B. PRUSS ◽  
YADONG SUN ◽  
ROBERT J. RAINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Carbonate Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotope Excursion ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Laurentian Margin ◽  
Sequence Boundaries

AbstractGlobally, the Series 2 – Series 3 boundary of the Cambrian System coincides with a major carbon isotope excursion, sea-level changes and trilobite extinctions. Here we examine the sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy and carbon isotope record of this interval in the Cambrian strata (Durness Group) of NW Scotland. Carbonate carbon isotope data from the lower part of the Durness Group (Ghrudaidh Formation) show that the shallow-marine, Laurentian margin carbonates record two linked sea-level and carbon isotopic events. Whilst the carbon isotope excursions are not as pronounced as those expressed elsewhere, correlation with global records (Sauk I – Sauk II boundary andOlenellusbiostratigraphic constraint) identifies them as representing the local expression of the ROECE and DICE. The upper part of the ROECE is recorded in the basal Ghrudaidh Formation whilst the DICE is seen around 30m above the base of this unit. Both carbon isotope excursions co-occur with surfaces interpreted to record regressive–transgressive events that produced amalgamated sequence boundaries and ravinement/flooding surfaces overlain by conglomerates of reworked intraclasts. The ROECE has been linked with redlichiid and olenellid trilobite extinctions, but in NW Scotland,Olenellusis found after the negative peak of the carbon isotope excursion but before sequence boundary formation.

scholarly journals Arabian Plate sequence stratigraphy: Potential implications for global chronostratigraphy

GeoArabia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Simmons ◽  
Peter R. Sharland ◽  
David M. Casey ◽  
Roger B. Davies ◽  
Owen E. Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Bedding Plane ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Stratotype Section ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fundamental Units ◽  
Stage Boundaries

ABSTRACT The ability to recognise and correlate third-order depositional sequences across Arabia and between Arabia and other plates indicates that these sequences are driven by synchronous eustatic sea-level change. This is of value in providing guidance for the definitions of stages, which are the fundamental units of chronostratigraphy. Each Phanerozoic stage requires a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), which is a location and specific bedding plane where the base of each stage is defined. This definition is tied to an event in the rock record useful for correlation. Progress in defining GSSPs has been delayed because of difficulties in choosing the most appropriate event and section to relate to a definition. It is recommended here that stage boundaries be related to correlative conformities of sequence boundaries. This closely links chronostratigraphy with sequence stratigraphy and honours the original concepts upon which many stages were first described in the 19th Century.

Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) sequence stratigraphy, sea level, and deltaic facies, Magothy Formation, U. S. Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain

Stratigraphy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Peter J. Sugarman ◽  
Kenneth G. Miller ◽  
James V. Browning ◽  
Peter P. McLaughlin, Jr. ◽  
Denise K. Kulhanek
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

ABSTRACT: The peak "hothouse" interval of the Turonian-Coniacian (93-87 Ma) is represented on the U.S. middle Atlantic Coastal Plain by sequences of the Raritan/Bass River, Magothy, and Cheesequake Formations deposited on a passive continental margin as mixed wave-, tide-, and river dominated deltas. We apply sequence stratigraphy integrated with biostratigraphy to identify and map two major sequence boundaries separating the Raritan/Bass River, Magothy, and Cheesequake Formations and four to five (Mg1, Mg2, Mg3, ?Mg4, Mg5) Magothy sequences using continuous cores, outcrops, and geophysical logs in New Jersey. We extend correlations into New York and Delaware using well logs. The Magothy sequences disconformably overlie the well-dated (>93 Ma) lower Turonian to Cenomanian marine Raritan/Bass River sequences and are disconformably overlain by the marine Cheesequake Formation, which straddles the Coniacian/Santonian boundary. A "mid-Turonian" hiatus (ca. 93-90 Ma) associated with this major disconformity is a global sequence boundary (K-Tu4) reflecting a ~ 25 m sea-level lowering based on published NJ and Russian Platform backstripping records that indicate this was a major lowering of Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL).Higher-order (~1 Myr scale) sequence boundaries bracketing Mg1-Mg5 apparently correlate with global sequences but are only associated with low-amplitude (<25 m) sea-level falls.Mapping of sequences within the Magothy Formation shows the influence of 2 to 3 moderate-sized river sources, with thickening northeastward toward Long Island, New York, and thinning southwestward toward Delaware. Thick northern depocenters contrast with the preceding Potomac Formation (Barremian-early Cenomanian) with thick southern depocenters. This seesawing of basins on the 100-300 km and 2-10+ Myr scales is due to tectonism likely from changes inmantle dynamic topography. The remarkably widespread distribution of Magothy sequences and facies indicates stability of this deltaic depositional system over ~ 4Myr despite low-amplitude (less than 25m) sea-level variations.Widespread facies correlation provides a predictable distribution of aquifer sands and confining-unit clays tied to sea-level changes on complex deltaic facies.

Modalites sequentielles de la transgression aaleno-bajocienne sur le sud-est du Bassin parisien

2000 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Durlet ◽  
Jacques Thierry
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Depositional Sequences ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Sequence Boundaries

Abstract Sedimentologic, biostratigraphic and diagenetic studies made on Middle Aalenian to Lowermost Bathonian deposits in 25 outcrops of the Burgundy High (southeastern Paris basin) lead to a sequence stratigraphy subdivision of the early Dogger record into 7 third order depositional sequences. These sequences make up a second-order transgressive phase whose lower limit is a tectonically enhanced unconformity (the Mid-Cimmerian unconformity), associated with a large scale uplift during the Upper Toarcian and the Lower Aalenian. In the largest outcrops, where the geometry of sedimentary bodies is observable at the hectometre to kilometre scale, the combination of diagenetic, biostratigraphical, spatial and sedimentologic studies is useful to understand the evolution of sediment distribution in the sequences. This approach also allows the measurement of sea level falls at the origin of the sequence boundaries. For example, we show that Lower Bajocian sequences end with decreases of accommodation space &lt;10 m in amplitude, leading to temporary emergences of some reef complexes. Without interrupting the sedimentation on submarine peri-reef pediments during lowstands, these decreases of a few metres of accomodation space can be related to either tectono-eustatic events or thermo-eustatic events.

scholarly journals MIDDLE EAST GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2013

GeoArabia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-52
Author(s):  
Moujahed I. Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Oceanic Anoxic Event ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Geologic Time Scale ◽  
Sequence Boundaries

ABSTRACT During the Aptian 28 to possibly 34 transgressive-regressive “fourth-order” sequences were deposited on the Arabian Plate. The sequences were controlled by sea-level fluctuations with a relative amplitude of 5–20 m. The fluctuations are interpreted as the glacio-eustatic response to orbital-forcing and assumed to have an average duration of 405 Kyr corresponding to the long-eccentricity orbital cycle. The sequences are referred to as “stratons” and calibrated in the orbital time scale of Matthews and Al-Husseini (2010, abbreviated M&H-2010). An independent study by Huang et al. (2010) counted nearly 33 cycles of 405-Kyr in a deep-marine Aptian succession in the Piobicco core in central Italy. The Italian cycles and Arabian stratons can be correlated in GTS 2004 by the position and age of the oceanic anoxic event OAE1a (Selli Interval, ca. 124.5–123.1 Ma). Two lowermost Aptian stratons and at least nine upper Aptian ones show stratigraphic geometries that imply 40–50 m box-like drops in relative sea level. They provide evidence for the formation of an ice sheet, mainly in Antarctica, that held several 10s of meters sea-level equivalent. The ca. 5-Myr-long late Aptian drop started at Global SB Apt 5 (ca. 117.9 Ma), which correlates to a major eccentricity minimum predicted at 118.2 Ma in the M&H-2010 scale. Similar minima are predicted to recur every 14.58 Myr (36 × 405 Kyr), and to cause major glacio-eustatic drops and regional sequence boundaries (SB). The youngest SB 0 is predicted at 1.586 Ma, and SB 8 (118.2 = 1.586 + 8 × 14.58 Ma) is interpreted to have triggered the late Aptian glaciation. The M&H-2010 scale was tested against the high-resolution sea-level curve derived from benthic foraminiferal δ18O isotopes for the late Miocene to Holocene (9.25– 0.0 Ma, Miller et al., 2005, abbreviated Metal-2005). Antarctica’s glacio-eustatic signature is interpreted as high-frequency sea-level fluctuations with a period of 41 Kyr (obliquity) above -20 m relative to present-day sea level. The fluctuations ride up-and-down on longer-period sea-level cycles (transgression-regression) with amplitudes of 20–40 m. The cycles are bounded by prominent lowstands, have durations of 325–545 Kyr, and an average duration of 405 Kyr. Sequence Boundary SB 0 (predicted at 1.586 Ma) is interpreted at 1.54 Ma, and correlated to Calabrian Global sequence boundary Cala1 (1.54 Ma).

scholarly journals Late Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian Natih Supersequence of Oman: Type section for Orbiton 7 (103.6–89.0 Ma)

GeoArabia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moujahed I. Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Geological Time Scale ◽  
Type Section ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Sequence Boundaries

ABSTRACT The Upper Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian Natih Formation in Oman was interpreted by previous authors in terms of the regional Natih I to V depositional sequences comprising 34 higher-order subsequences (referred to as the Adopted Interpretation in this paper). It mainly consists of limestones, and is separated from the underlying Albian shales of the Nahr Umr Formation by the Natih Sequence Boundary. The interpreted position of the Cenomanian Stage within the formation differs substantially depending on carbon-isotope and/or biostratigraphic data (ammonite, microfaunal and nannofossil). The top of the Natih Formation is a regional subaerial exposure surface (incised by channels with depths reaching 150–200 m) that was transgressed by Lower Coniacian marine shales (Muti Formation at outcrop, and Shargi Member of the Fiqa Formation in subsurface; Fiqa Transgression above the Fiqa Sequence Boundary). Over paleohighs the lower part of the Fiqa, Natih and older formations are eroded by the Campanian angular Intra-Fiqa Unconformity that is attributed to far-field compressional tectonism along the margins of the Arabian Plate. The paper tunes the 34 Natih subsequences (each named a Straton) at 405 Ky/cycle: the period of the long-eccentricity signal of the Earth’s orbit. They are dated using a time scale that is based on an orbital-forcing model of glacioeustasy, which consists of ca. 14.58 My (36 stratons) repeating, orbital cycles named orbitons. Orbitons are predicted to be separated by major glacio-eustatic lowstands (regional sequence boundary), with Orbiton 1 spanning ca. 16.1 to 1.5 Ma. The Natih Formation completely falls within Orbiton 7 (ca. 103.6–89.0 Ma) in the Late Albian – Turonian time interval of the Geological Time Scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (GTS). The Formation consists of only 34 subsequences (compared to the 36 predicted for a complete orbiton). This implies two stratons are represented by a hiatus (ca. 810 Ky) between ca. 89.8–89.0 Ma near the end of Orbiton 7 and the Turonian/Coniacian boundary (88.6 Ma in GTS). The hiatus corresponds to a Late Turonian – ?earliest Coniacian biostratigraphic break at the Sub-Fiqa Unconformity and is correlated to a model-predicted major polar glaciation and sea-level lowstand. The hiatus is unrelated to the structural deformation in Interior Oman (First Alpine Event), which started some 10 My later in Campanian time. Orbiton 7 (ca. 103.6–89.0 Ma) correlates by architecture (sequence boundaries and maximum flooding surfaces) and age to the global Late Albian – Turonian UZA 2 Supersequence inclusive of the shortlived 100+ m sea-level drop in latest Turonian (ca. 102.5–88.6 Ma in empirical time scale). The Formation is proposed as the Natih Supersequence and the type section of Orbiton 7.

scholarly journals Rift Basin Sequence Stratigraphy: Some Examples from the Gulf Of Suez

GeoArabia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
William A. Wescott ◽  
William N. Krebs ◽  
John C. Dolson ◽  
Salah A. Karamat ◽  
Dag Nummedal
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Gulf Of Suez ◽  
Depositional Sequence ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Bounded Sequences

ABSTRACT Unconformity-bounded sequences within the Miocene strata of the Suez Rift reflect a complex interplay between tectonism and sea level fluctuations. Analyses of Miocene outcrops along the Sinai margin of the Gulf of Suez provide new insights into the sequence stratigraphy of this basin. The Miocene strata can be subdivided into seven major sequences separated by biostratigraphically defined time breaks. These lacunae represent depositional sequence boundaries, transgressive surfaces and condensed sections. These basinwide time breaks were related to major tectonic events from rift initiation through rift climax, and post-rift stages. These events include regional sag and fault initiation, fault linkage, footwall uplift, shallowing of detachment depths and increased fault block rotations, regional isostatic uplift, and thermal subsidence. Superimposed on this complex structural evolution were Miocene sea level fluctuations of a magnitude of several tens of meters to a hundred meters. The Sinai outcrops expose the four oldest Miocene biostratigraphic sequences which correspond to two depositional sequences. The lower sequence consists of the Nukhul Formation which was deposited during a transgression (with the higher frequency events recorded as local erosional surfaces, flooding surfaces, and ravinements) and the Mheiherrat Formation which was deposited during a relative high stand. The upper sequence includes the Asl Formation which was deposited during a low stand and the Ras Budran Member of the Ayun Musa Formation which was deposited during the ensuing high stand.

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