Site-specific variation in the potentiometric response to subsidence above active longwall mining

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Booth ◽  
Alan M. Curtiss ◽  
Philip J. Demaris ◽  
Robert A. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Longwall Mining ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Longwall Panel ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
A Site

Abstract Longwall underground coal mining produces major changes in the hydraulic properties and groundwater levels of overlying shallow aquifers because of the fracturing associated with mine subsidence. Many aspects of these impacts remain unclear and unpredictable, particularly the variations in response between different sites. Our detailed, long-term studies of subsidence strains and hydraulic responses at sites in Illinois address this and other aspects of the conceptual model. At a study site in Saline County, inconsistent permeability changes and large rapid head drops, without significant recovery, were observed in a low transmissivity sandstone over an active longwall panel. Corresponding head changes in overlying glacial drift units reflected localized drainage from the drift to the bedrock. In comparison to our earlier study at a site in Jefferson County, Illinois, in which full recovery occurred in a moderately transmissive sandstone aquifer affected by longwall mining, the Saline site illustrates the importance of local hydrogeologic characteristics, particularly variations in transmisivity and continuity with recharge sources, in controlling site-specific responses to longwall mining.

Long-term evaluation of coal fly ash and mine tailings co-placement: A site-specific study

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken B. Yeheyis ◽  
Julie Q. Shang ◽  
Ernest K. Yanful
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Study ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals Measurement and modelling of evaporation from a coastal wetland in Maputaland, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1741-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Clulow ◽  
C. S. Everson ◽  
M. G. Mengistu ◽  
C. Jarmain ◽  
G. P. W. Jewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Surface Renewal ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
A Site ◽  
Sr Method ◽  
Subtropical Environment

Abstract. The contribution of freshwater supply from the Mfabeni Mire to Lake St. Lucia during dry periods is important to the survival of certain plant and animal species in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. This freshwater supply is mainly dependent on the variability of the major components of the water balance, namely rainfall and total evaporation (ET). Attempts to quantify the water balance have been limited through uncertainties in quantifying ET from the Mfabeni Mire. Despite advances in evaporation measurement and modelling from wetlands, there still exists some doubt as to which methods are best suited to characterise wetland ET with most authors suggesting a combination of methods. In this study, the surface renewal (SR) method was successfully used to determine the long-term ET (12 months) from the Mfabeni Mire with calibration using eddy covariance during two window periods of approximately one week each. The SR method was found to be inexpensive, reliable and with low power requirements for unattended operation. The annual ET was lower (900 mm yr−1) than expected, due to cloud cover in summer and low atmospheric demand throughout the year, despite the available water and high windspeeds. Daily ET estimates were compared to the Priestley-Taylor results and a site specific calibration α = 1.0 was obtained for the site. The Priestley-Taylor results agreed well with the actual ET from the surface renewal technique (R2 = 0.96) throughout the 12 month period. A monthly crop factor (Kc) was determined for the standardised FAO-56 Penman-Monteith. However, Kc was variable in some months and should be used with caution for daily ET modelling. These results represent not only some of the first long-term measurements of ET from a wetland in Southern Africa, but also one of the few studies of actual ET in a subtropical peatland in the Southern Hemisphere. The study provides wetland ecologists and hydrologists with guidelines for the use of two internationally applied models for the estimation of wetland ET within a coastal, subtropical environment.

scholarly journals Engineering a light-controlled F1ATPase using structure-based protein design

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoersch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Design ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dynamic Constraint ◽  
End Distance ◽  
A Site ◽  
Hydrolysis Activity

The F1sub-complex of ATP synthase is a biological nanomotor that converts the free energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work with an astonishing efficiency of up to 100% (Kinosita et al., 2000). To probe the principal mechanics of the machine, I re-engineered the active site ofE.coliF1ATPase with a structure-based protein design approach: by incorporation of a site-specific, photoswitchable crosslinker, whose end-to-end distance can be modulated by illumination with light of two different wavelengths, a dynamic constraint was imposed on the inter-atomic distances of the α and β subunits. Crosslinking reduced the ATP hydrolysis activity of four designs tested in vitro and in one case created a synthetic ATPase whose activity can be reversibly modulated by subsequent illumination with near UV and blue light. The work is a first step into the direction of the long-term goal to design nanoscaled machines based on biological parts that can be precisely controlled by light.

Framework for an environmental safety case for geological disposal in the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 3457-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Poole ◽  
R. Kowe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe implementation of a geological disposal facility requires the demonstration of confidence that such a facility would be safe during both the operational period and in the long-term after the closure of such a facility. The generic environmental safety case described in this paper is the vehicle used to demonstrate an understanding of environmental safety. It will be used to prepare a site-specific environmental safety case in due course. The approach taken will be consistent with a staged development and approval process, as advocated by the environmental regulators.

A Novel Potentiometric PVC-membrane Cysteamine-Selective Electrode Based on Cysteamine-Phosphomolybdate Ion-Pair

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Tumur ◽  
Gulsah Saydan Kanberoglu ◽  
Fatih Coldur
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Pvc Membrane ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Drug Quality Control

Background: Cysteamine is used as an orphan drug in the treatment of cystinosis to prevent long-term cystine accumulation in lysosomes. Dosing in cysteamine treatment is extremely important and overdose may cause some side effects. Up to now, various analytical methods have been used for cysteamine determination. Many of these methods require sophisticated instruments, expert operators, time-consuming measurement procedures and manipulation steps, expensive supplies and long analysis time. Aims and Objective: The present study deals with the development of a potentiometric PVC-membrane cysteamine-selective electrode based on an ion-pair of cysteamine and its application in a pharmaceutical formulation. Methods: Cysteamine (Cys)-Phosphomolybdate (PM) ion-pair was synthesized by mixing the equal volumes of 10-2 M Cysteamine HCl and sodium phosphomolybdate aqueous solutions. The obtained precipitate was used as ionophore in the structure of PVC-membrane. Results and Discussion: The electrode exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 1.0×10- 1-1.0×10-5 M cysteamine with a slope of 51,7 mV per decade and detection limit of 1.0×10-5 M. The potentiometric response of the electrode was very rapid (5 s), adequately repeatable, stable and selective. pH working range and life-time of the electrode were also determined as 3.0-7.0 and 25 days, respectively. Conclusion: A PVC-membrane cysteamine selective electrode was easily prepared. Cysteamine determination in a pharmaceutical formulation was performed. Analysis results indicated that it can be successfully used in drug quality control laboratories for routine analysis of cysteamine in pharmaceutical preparations alternative to more sophisticated, expensive and time-consuming analytical methods.

scholarly journals Functional expression of a yeast mitochondrial intron-encoded protein requires RNA processing at a conserved dodecamer sequence at the 3' end of the gene.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Zhu ◽  
H Conrad-Webb ◽  
X S Liao ◽  
P S Perlman ◽  
R A Butow
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Yeast Mitochondria ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Var1 Gene ◽  
A Site

All mRNAs of yeast mitochondria are processed at their 3' ends within a conserved dodecamer sequence, 5'-AAUAAUAUUCUU-3'. A dominant nuclear suppressor, SUV3-I, was previously isolated because it suppresses a dodecamer deletion at the 3' end of the var1 gene. We have tested the effects of SUV3-1 on a mutant containing two adjacent transversions within a dodecamer at the 3' end of fit1, a gene located within the 1,143-base-pair intron of the 21S rRNA gene, whose product is a site-specific endonuclease required in crosses for the quantitative transmission of that intron to 21S alleles that lack it. The fit1 dodecamer mutations blocked both intron transmission and dodecamer cleavage, neither of which was suppressed by SUV3-1 when present in heterozygous or homozygous configurations. Unexpectedly, we found that SUV3-1 completely blocked cleavage of the wild-type fit1 dodecamer and, in SUV3-1 homozygous crosses, intron conversion. In addition, SUV3-1 resulted in at least a 40-fold increase in the amount of excised intron accumulated. Genetic analysis showed that these phenotypes resulted from the same mutation. We conclude that cleavage of a wild-type dodecamer sequence at the 3' end of the fit1 gene is essential for fit1 expression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document