A New Approach to Barrier Verification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Bruce ◽  
Arild F Stein

Abstract Objectives/Scope Verification and testing of a wellbore barrier, in older assets has proven to be challenging. Even more so when the well has structural issues, indemnities or weak spots in the barrier envelope, that limits the possibility to get a positive pressure verification of the barrier with an applied surface pressure. The paper will air on the operational use of this novel test method and the tools used, to allow an in well verification of any type of barrier to secure the well for a repair or a upcoming P/A operation. A pilot job case history will be included to illustrate use of the principles. Methods, Procedures, Process Find a suitable location with necessary support and strength in the well. If installing a mechanical barrier by means of a bridge plug as the primary barrier, we will monitor the installation forces in the anchoring and sealing sequence. This individual signature will be verified towards a nominal base line signature towards a library of thousands of collected installation profiles. Any abnormality can trigger a release and possible relocating of the barrier. A second verification barrier will then be installed above the primary barrier. When both installation signatures are accounted for, we can pressure test the installed barriers. This is done with a pressure inflow tool, where we introduce a calculated predetermined pressure drop between the installed primary barrier and the verification barrier. By monitoring this pressure alteration vs. the pressure above the verification barrier, we can determine if we have a verified barrier. Results, Observations, Conclusions We now have the Primary Barrier verified in the direction of flow (negative pressure test). And verification barrier as the secondary barrier (verified with a positive pressure test). If a dual barrier is requested, you can leave the verification barrier as secondary barrier. Novel/Additional Information Pressure manipulation is done with existing and proven technology and is re-usable after re-setting at surface. By monitoring this pressure alteration, we can verify the installed primary and verification barrier in one run. This without any time-consuming pressure manipulating from surface.

2022 ◽  
pp. 004051752110694
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Christopher Hurren ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Xungai Wang

Comfort is a key feature of any clothing that relates significantly to softness of the fiber, yarn and fabric from which is it constructed. A known softness assessment method for fibers is the resistance to compression test. This traditional test only provides a single force value for the resistance of a loose fiber sample using a fixed mass under compression. In this research, a modified resistance to compression test was introduced to show the effects of repeated compression, providing more information about the softness and resilience of selected fibers. Three different natural fiber types, including wool, cotton and alpaca were compared using this new approach. The results showed compression profiles were quite different for different fiber types as well as for the same fibers with different diameters. While the diameters of the wool and alpaca samples were similar (18.5 μm), the modified resistance to compression values were significantly higher for wool (with a peak value at 9.5 kPa compared to 2.1 kPa for alpaca). Cotton was different from wool and alpaca but showed a similar modified resistance to compression value (10.4 kPa) to wool. During cycles of compression, modified resistance to compression peak values decreased slightly and then tended to be constant. Even though the structures of wool, cotton and alpaca were quite different, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of decline in modified resistance to compression peak values. This means that the modified resistance to compression test is able to provide additional information on the resilience characteristics of different natural fibers, and can reveal the resistance behavior of fiber samples during cyclic compression.


2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2371-2378
Author(s):  
Wei Pu Xu ◽  
Yi Ting Liu

A brief overview is given in the conventional domed bursting disc structure and manufacturing method. 316L stainless steel as a template is selected. With the investigation on bursting disc material tensile test method, the test results are summarized,also the burst results of disc burst pressure in different sizes. With the help of bursting disc material performance test and bursting disc burst pressure test of 316L , the test results provide a reference for other types of bursting disc.


Author(s):  
Олег Евсютин ◽  
Oleg Evsutin ◽  
Анна Мельман ◽  
Anna Melman ◽  
Роман Мещеряков ◽  
...  

One of the areas of digital image processing is the steganographic embedding of additional information into them. Digital steganography methods are used to ensure the information confidentiality, as well as to track the distribution of digital content on the Internet. Main indicators of the steganographic embedding effectiveness are invisibility to the human eye, characterized by the PSNR metric, and embedding capacity. However, even with full visual stealth of embedding, its presence may produce a distortion of the digital image natural model in the frequency domain. The article presents a new approach to reducing the distortion of the digital image natural model in the field of discrete cosine transform (DCT) when embedding information using the classical QIM method. The results of the experiments show that the proposed approach allows reducing the distortion of the histograms of the distribution of DCT coefficients, and thereby eliminating the unmasking signs of embedding.


ACS Omega ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 10449-10459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Duong ◽  
Nora Lamharess-Chlaft ◽  
Mickaël Sicard ◽  
Bruno Raepsaet ◽  
Maria Elena Galvez ◽  
...  

The Lancet ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 240 (6219) ◽  
pp. 536-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Bell ◽  
Samuel Lazarus ◽  
H.N. Munro ◽  
Harold Scarborough

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