Saliency-Map Guided Salt Prediction by a Multi-Channel Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Phill Norlund

Abstract One of the major challenges in seismic imaging is accurately delineating subsurface salt. Since a salt boundary has strong impedance compared with other sediments, we build a saliency map with intensity and orientation to create a pixel-level model for salt interpretation. In this abstract, we train a saliency-map as an additional attribute to combine with the original seismic to predict salt bodies. We also train a saliency-map to classify multiple geological facies in a multi-channel convolutional neural network with residual net architecture to help build subsurface velocity models. Two examples are shown which demonstrate that a saliency-map-plus-seismic model successfully improves the accuracy of salt prediction and reduces artifacts.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Vecchi ◽  
Sean Mullan ◽  
Josue A Lopez ◽  
Marlan Hansen ◽  
Milan Sonka ◽  
...  

Background: During development or regeneration, neurons extend processes (i.e., neurites) via mechanisms that can be readily analyzed in culture. However, defining the impact of a drug or genetic manipulation on such mechanisms can be challenging due to the complex arborization and heterogeneous patterns of neurite growth in vitro. New Method: NeuriteNet is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) sorting model that uses a novel adaptation of the XRAI saliency map overlay, which is a region-based attribution method. NeuriteNet compares neuronal populations based on differences in neurite growth patterns, sorts them into respective groups, and overlays a saliency map indicating which areas differentiated the image for the sorting procedure. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that NeuriteNet effectively sorts images corresponding to dissociated neurons into control and treatment groups according to known morphological differences. Furthermore, the saliency map overlay highlights the distinguishing features of the neuron when sorting the images into treatment groups. NeuriteNet also identifies novel morphological differences in neurites of neurons cultured from control and genetically modified mouse strains. Comparison with Existing Methods: Unlike other neurite analysis platforms, NeuriteNet does not require manual manipulations, such as segmentation of neurites prior to analysis, and is more accurate than experienced researchers for categorizing neurons according to their pattern of neurite growth. Conclusions: NeuriteNet can be used to effectively screen for morphological differences in a heterogeneous group of neurons and to provide feedback on the key features distinguishing those groups via the saliency map overlay.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Plotnitskii ◽  
Tariq Alkhalifah ◽  
Oleg Ovcharenko ◽  
Vladimir Kazei

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-248
Author(s):  
Mohd Adli Md Ali ◽  
Mohd Radhwan Abidin ◽  
Nik Arsyad Nik Muhamad Affendi ◽  
Hafidzul Abdullah ◽  
Daaniyal R. Rosman ◽  
...  

The rapid advancement in pattern recognition via the deep learning method has made it possible to develop an autonomous medical image classification system. This system has proven robust and accurate in classifying most pathological features found in a medical image, such as airspace opacity, mass, and broken bone. Conventionally, this system takes routine medical images with minimum pre-processing as the model's input; in this research, we investigate if saliency maps can be an alternative model input. Recent research has shown that saliency maps' application increases deep learning model performance in image classification, object localization, and segmentation. However, conventional bottom-up saliency map algorithms regularly failed to localize salient or pathological anomalies in medical images. This failure is because most medical images are homogenous, lacking color, and contrast variant. Therefore, we also introduce the Xenafas algorithm in this paper. The algorithm creates a new kind of anomalous saliency map called the Intensity Probability Mapping and Weighted Intensity Probability Mapping. We tested the proposed saliency maps on five deep learning models based on common convolutional neural network architecture. The result of this experiment showed that using the proposed saliency map over regular radiograph chest images increases the sensitivity of most models in identifying images with air space opacities. Using the Grad-CAM algorithm, we showed how the proposed saliency map shifted the model attention to the relevant region in chest radiograph images. While in the qualitative study, it was found that the proposed saliency map regularly highlights anomalous features, including foreign objects and cardiomegaly. However, it is inconsistent in highlighting masses and nodules. ABSTRAK: Perkembangan pesat sistem pengecaman corak menggunakan kaedah pembelajaran mendalam membolehkan penghasilan sistem klasifikasi gambar perubatan secara automatik. Sistem ini berupaya menilai secara tepat jika terdapat tanda-tanda patologi di dalam gambar perubatan seperti kelegapan ruang udara, jisim dan tulang patah. Kebiasaannya, sistem ini akan mengambil gambar perubatan dengan pra-pemprosesan minimum sebagai input. Kajian ini adalah tentang potensi peta salien dapat dijadikan sebagai model input alternatif. Ini kerana kajian terkini telah menunjukkan penggunaan peta salien dapat meningkatkan prestasi model pembelajaran mendalam dalam pengklasifikasian gambar, pengesanan objek, dan segmentasi gambar. Walau bagaimanapun, sistem konvensional algoritma peta salien jenis bawah-ke-atas kebiasaannya gagal  mengesan salien atau anomali patologi dalam gambar-gambar perubatan. Kegagalan ini disebabkan oleh sifat gambar perubatan yang homogen, kurang variasi warna dan kontras. Oleh itu, kajian ini memperkenalkan algoritma Xenafas yang menghasilkan dua jenis pemetaan saliensi anomali iaitu Pemetaan Kebarangkalian Keamatan dan Pemetaan Kebarangkalian Keamatan Pemberat. Kajian dibuat pada peta salien yang dicadangkan iaitu pada lima model pembelajaran mendalam berdasarkan seni bina rangkaian neural konvolusi yang sama. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan dengan menggunakan peta salien atas gambar-gambar radiografi dada tetap membantu kesensitifan kebanyakan model dalam mengidentifikasi gambar-gambar dengan kelegapan ruang udara. Dengan menggunakan algoritma Grad-CAM, peta salien yang dicadangkan ini mampu mengalih fokus model kepada kawasan yang relevan kepada gambar radiografi dada. Sementara itu, kajian kualitatif ini juga menunjukkan algoritma yang dicadangkan mampu memberi ciri anomali, termasuk objek asing dan kardiomegali. Walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak konsisten dalam menjelaskan berat dan nodul.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Liming Li ◽  
Shubin Zheng ◽  
Chenxi Wang ◽  
Shuguang Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Chai ◽  
...  

This work presents a new method for sleeper crack identification based on cascade convolutional neural network (CNN) to address the problem of low efficiency and poor accuracy in the traditional detection method of sleeper crack identification. The proposed algorithm mainly includes improved You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3) and the crack recognition network, where the crack recognition network includes two modules, the crack encoder-decoder network (CEDNet) and the crack residual refinement network (CRRNet). The improved YOLOv3 network is used to identify and locate cracks on sleepers and segment them after the sleeper on the ballast bed is extracted by using the gray projection method. The sleeper is inputted into CEDNet for crack feature extraction to predict the coarse crack saliency map. The prediction graph is inputted into CRRNet to improve its edge information and local region to achieve optimization. The accuracy of the crack identification model is improved by using a mixed loss function of binary cross-entropy (BCE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and intersection over union (IOU). Results show that this method can accurately detect the sleeper crack image. During object detection, the proposed method is compared with YOLOv3 in terms of directly locating sleeper cracks. It has an accuracy of 96.3%, a recall rate of 91.2%, a mean average precision (mAP) of 91.5%, and frames per second (FPS) of 76.6/s. In the crack extraction part, the F-weighted is 0.831, mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.0157, and area under the curve (AUC) is 0.9453. The proposed method has better recognition, higher efficiency, and robustness compared with the other network models.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kashin ◽  
D Zavyalov ◽  
A Rusakov ◽  
V Khryashchev ◽  
A Lebedev

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