Persistent domestic circulation of African swine fever virus in Tanzania, 2010-2017
Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs that threatens livelihoods and food security. In Africa, ASF virus (ASFV) circulates in sylvatic (transmission between warthogs and soft argasid ticks) and domestic (transmission between domestic pigs) cycles, with outbreaks resulting from viral spill-over from sylvatic cycle. The present study investigated ASFV transmission patterns through virus genotyping. Results Genotypes II, IX, X, XV and XVI of ASFV were found to circulate and maintained by transmission between domestic pigs. Methods In addition to archived samples, tissue samples were collected from domestic pigs during outbreaks at different locations in Tanzania between 2015 and 2017 followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of B646L gene of ASFV. Conclusion Maintenance of ASFV in the domestic cycle was due to bleach of quarantine and transportation of affected pigs via major highways. Appropriate control measures including sanitary measures at the slaugher slabs and quarantine measures adherence are recommended to prevent ASF emergence and re-emergence in Tanzania. Transportation of pig and pig products for regional market should be controlled to prevent ASFV spreading to other states of the East African Community , as ASFV genotype II has spread beyond its geographical range.