scholarly journals Lower 2D:4D digit ratio is associated with reduced impulse control in women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Rodríguez-Ramos ◽  
Juan Antonio Moriana ◽  
Francisco García-Torres ◽  
Manuel Ruiz-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Sex hormones induce sexual differentiation of the brain which might result in sex-specific behaviors. 2D:4D digit ratio is commonly used as a marker of the balance between prenatal testosterone and estrogen. In this study we analyzed if there was an association between 2D:4D and personality in women. We found that 2D:4D might be related with emotional stability, and specifically with its subdimension impulse control; while no associations were found with the dimensions energy, friendliness, conscientiousness and openness.

Sporting success among women with different set of sex characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. SOBOLEVA ◽  
Dmitry V. SOBOLEV
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Adrenogenital Syndrome ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Brain

Success of sportswomen closely connects with peculiarities of formation of characteristics dependent on sex. Sexual differentiation of the brain from the intrauterine period is particularly important. Male sex hormones (androgens) play a special role in this process. Congenital adrenogenital syndrome forms prenatal increase of their concentration. This adrenal pathology in the mother or inherited in the girl creates a pathological state of hyperandrogenia (excessive content of androgens). This pathology forms a maskulinization (similar to a man) of the state of the female organism. Such a feature begins with a prenatal period followed by activation especially during puberty. Maskulinization of the girl's body is an important prerequisite for sports from childhood with subsequent development in adulthood.

Second-to-fourth Digit Ratio in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Doe ◽  
Kazuhisa Nozawa ◽  
Takuya Hirai ◽  
Hiroshi Tsushima ◽  
Eri Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

Objective.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs predominantly in women, and sex hormones play an important role in SLE. Variation in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D4D ratio) is attributed to sex hormone exposure. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between sex hormones and SLE by measuring 2D4D ratios.Methods.We measured 2D4D ratios in 100 patients with SLE and 200 normal healthy controls (NHC).Results.Patients with SLE had a lower 2D4D ratio than NHC.Conclusion.Our study suggests that patients with SLE have experienced high prenatal testosterone and low prenatal estrogen. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the association between 2D4D ratio and SLE.

scholarly journals Brain Levels of Prostaglandins, Endocannabinoids, and Related Lipids Are Affected by Mating Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordyn M. Stuart ◽  
Jason J. Paris ◽  
Cheryl Frye ◽  
Heather B. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Endogenous Cannabinoids ◽  
The Brain

Background. Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) are involved in the development and regulation of reproductive behaviors. Likewise, prostaglandins (PGs) drive sexual differentiation and initiation of ovulation. Here, we use lipidomics strategies to test the hypotheses that mating immediately activates the biosynthesis and/or metabolism of eCBs and PGs and that specific mating strategies differentially regulate these lipids in the brain.Methods. Lipid extractions and tandem mass spectrometric analysis were performed on brains from proestrous rats that had experienced one of two mating strategies (paced or standard mating) and two nonmated groups (chamber exposed and home cage controls). Levels of PGs (PGE2 and PGF2alpha), eCBs (AEA and 2-AG,N-arachidonoyl glycine), and 4 related lipids (4N-acylethanolamides) were measured in olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, midbrain, cerebellum, and brainstem.Results. Overall, levels of these lipids were significantly lower among paced compared to standard mated rats with the most dramatic decreases observed in brainstem, hippocampus, midbrain, and striatum. However, chamber exposed rats had significantly higher levels of these lipids compared to home cage controls and paced mated wherein the hippocampus showed the largest increases.Conclusions. These data demonstrate that mating strategies and exposure to mating arenas influence lipid signaling in the brain.

scholarly journals Epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1688) ◽  
pp. 20150114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Forger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Brain

Circumstantial evidence alone argues that the establishment and maintenance of sex differences in the brain depend on epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure. More direct evidence has recently been obtained from two types of studies: those manipulating a particular epigenetic mechanism, and those examining the genome-wide distribution of specific epigenetic marks. The manipulation of histone acetylation or DNA methylation disrupts the development of several neural sex differences in rodents. Taken together, however, the evidence suggests there is unlikely to be a simple formula for masculine or feminine development of the brain and behaviour; instead, underlying epigenetic mechanisms may vary by brain region or even by dependent variable within a region. Whole-genome studies related to sex differences in the brain have only very recently been reported, but suggest that males and females may use different combinations of epigenetic modifications to control gene expression, even in cases where gene expression does not differ between the sexes. Finally, recent findings are discussed that are likely to direct future studies on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour.

Sexual Differentiation of the Brain

Human Growth ◽  
1979 ◽  
pp. 183-221
Author(s):  
Pamela C. B. Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
The Brain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document