Clinical Academic Careers for General Practice Nurses: A qualitative exploration of associated barriers and enablers
Abstract Background: The delivery of research in healthcare is dependent on a sub-group of clinicians – clinical academics – who concurrently engage in clinical practice and academic activities. The need to increase access to such roles for general practice nurses (GPNs) has been identified, though the need for a robust career framework remains. In order to generate evidence needed to contribute to the development of a career framework, this study aimed to explore the concept of clinical academic careers for GPNs by identifying barriers and enablers associated with pursuing and performing such roles. Methods: GPNs ( n =18) and general practitioners (GPs) ( n =5) engaged in either an audio recorded interview or focus group. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, with transcripts subject to a process of thematic analysis.Results: Four main themes were identified: awareness and understanding; career pathway; personal and professional attributes; and organisational factors. Awareness and understanding of clinical academic careers for GPNs was generally poor. Participants suggested that the career pathway for GPN clinical academics was unclear, though it was generally assumed that such roles were “out of reach” and would require a minimum of Master’s level education. Personal and professional attributes were reported as an interest in research and the confidence to perform such activities, though it was noted these elements should be encouraged during pre-registration training. Organisational factors included the needed for GPN employers to understand the value and benefit of GPN clinical academic roles, along with ensuring that the inevitable competing demands of such a role were appropriately managed. Conclusions: This study highlights the difficulties faced by GPNs wishing to pursue a clinical academic career. Academia is seemingly placed upon a pedestal, emphasising the need to embed research training early on in nursing education in order to alter GPN perceptions that clinical academic roles are unobtainable. Moreover, the development of a robust career pathway for GPN clinical academic roles may have a positive impact on the retention of experienced GPNs and attract newly qualified nurses.