scholarly journals Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and rifampicin Resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Kahsu Abay ◽  
Bahlibi Hailay
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Previously Treated

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The global emergence of mono- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis poses a considerable challenge to tuberculosis control programs. There has been no reliable and organized data on trends and drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin Resistance in the Adigrat General Hospital, eastern zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat General Hospital from January 2015 to 2018. Data were collected retrospectively from the GenexpertTM TB registration book using a data extraction format. Data was entered into Epi-Info 3.1 and subsequently exported and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. Bivariate and multi-variant regression analysis were employed to measure the association between dependent and independent variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Result: A total of 5,944 Mycobacterium tuberculosis presumptive patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were male (58.1%) with participants’ median age of 40.0 (IQR 26-57) years, the majority were 30-44 years. The overall positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24.3% (1446) with a total of 132 (9.1%) found to be resistant to Rifampicin. Within the total Rifampicin resistant sub-group, 129/1385 (9.3 %) were newly identified cases and the rest were previously treated, tuberculosis patients. Age, the reason for diagnosis, site of presumptive tuberculosis, and/or being HIV infected showed significant association with our dependent variable; however, only age and being HIV infected were associated with Rifampicin Resistance.Conclusion: In our study, the overall trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin Resistance were found to be constant. HIV co-infected and previously treated patients were more likely to develop Rifampicin Resistance. Therefore, maximizing early detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and strengthening tuberculosis infection control activities are recommended to reduce the burden of this contagious and potentially deadly disease.

scholarly journals Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern zone, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Kahsu Abay ◽  
Bahlibi Hailay
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Previously Treated

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The global emergence of mono- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis poses a considerable challenge to tuberculosis control programs. There has been no reliable and organized data on trends and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in the Adigrat General Hospital, eastern zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat General Hospital from January 2015 to 2018. Data were collected retrospectively from the GenexpertTM TB registration books using a data extraction format. Data was entered into Epi-Info 3.1 and subsequently exported and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Result: A total of 5,944 Mycobacterium tuberculosis presumptive patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were male (58.1%) with participants’ median age of 40.0 (IQR 57, 26) years, the majority were 30-44 years. The overall positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24.3% (1446) with a total of 132 (9.1%) found to be resistant to rifampicin. Within the total Rifampicin resistant sub-group, 129/132 (97.7 %) were newly identified cases and the rest were previously treated, tuberculosis patients. Age, the reason for diagnosis, site of presumptive tuberculosis, and/or being HIV infected showed significant association with our dependent variable; however, only age and being HIV infected were associated with rifampicin resistance.Conclusion: In our study, the overall trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance were found to be high and gradually increasing. HIV co-infected and previously treated patients were more likely to develop rifampicin resistance. Therefore, maximizing early detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and strengthening tuberculosis infection control activities are recommended to reduce the burden of this contagious and potentially deadly disease.

scholarly journals Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern Zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Kahsu Abay ◽  
Bahlibi Hailay
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Zone

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The global emergence of mono- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis pose a considerable challenge to tuberculosis control programs. There has been no reliable and organized data on trends and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in the Adigrat General Hospital, eastern Zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat General Hospital from January 2015 to 2018.Data was collected retrospectively from the GeneXpertTM TB registration book using a data extraction format. Data was entered into Epi-Info 3.1 and subsequently exported and analyzed using SPSS Version 20.The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. Bivariate and multi-variant regression analysis was employed to measure the association between dependent and independent variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Result: A total of 5,944 Mycobacterium tuberculosis presumptive patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were male (58.1%) with participants’ median age of 40.0 (IQR 26-57) years, the majority were 30-44 years. The overall positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24.3% (1446) with a total of 132 (9.1%) found to be resistant to rifampicin. Of the total confirmed positive cases 8.7 % (103/1188) and 11.2 % (29/258) were rifampicin resistance of presumptive tuberculosis and presumptive drug resistance tuberculosis patients respectively. Age, the reason for diagnosis, site of presumptive tuberculosis, and/or being HIV infected showed significant association with our dependent variable; however, only age and being HIV infected were associated with rifampicin resistance.Conclusion: In our study, the overall trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance were found to be high. Rifampicin resistance is more common in patients with HIV and presumptive drug resistance tuberculosis individuals. Therefore, maximizing early detection of drug-resistant and strengthening tuberculosis infection control activities are recommended to reduce the burden of this contagious and potentially deadly disease.

scholarly journals Trends in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and prevalence of Rifampicin Resistance in Eastern zone, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Abay Kahsu ◽  
Bahlibi Hailay
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Eastern Zone

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. The emergence of Mono or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), poses a considerable challenge to Mycobacterium tuberculosis control programs in the worldwide; however, there has been no reliable and organized data on trends and prevalence drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in study area; Therefore, aim of this study to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevalence of Rifampicin resistance in eastern zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat General Hospital from June 01 to August 30, 2019.Data was collected retrospectively from the registration books using data extraction format commence January 01, 2015, December 30, 2018. Data was entered into Epi-Info 3.1 and exported and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. P values < 0.05 would be considered statistically significant. Result A total of 5,944 Mycobacterium tuberculosis presumptive patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were male (58.1%). The median age of the participants was 40.0 (IQR 57, 26) years, the majority age-group was 30-44 years. The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 1446 (24.3%). Of the total confirmed cases, 132 (9.1%) were resistant to rifampicin. From total Rifampicin resistant 129 (97.7%) new cases and the rest were previously treated tuberculosis patients. Age, reason for diagnosis, site of presumptive tuberculosis, being HIV infected was found a significant association with our dependent variable; however, only Age and being HIV infected associated with rifampicin resistance. Conclusion In our study, the overall trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevalence of rifampicin resistance were found high and increased; therefore, maximizing early detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and strengthening TB infection control activities and proper implementation of directly observed treatment are recommended reducing the burden of this contagious disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and rifampicin resistance among presumptive tuberculosis cases visiting tuberculosis clinic of Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110455
Author(s):  
Degineh Belachew Andarge ◽  
Tariku Lambiyo Anticho ◽  
Getamesay Mulatu Jara ◽  
Musa Mohammed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Objective: Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a public health threat in resource-limited countries where it is easily disseminated and difficult to control. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis, rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis cases attending the tuberculosis clinic of Adare General Hospital located in Hawassa city. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 tuberculosis suspected patients from April to July 2018. Socio-demographic, environmental, and behavioral data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Sputum specimens were analyzed using GeneXpert. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a cut point. Results: In this study, the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 98 (30.5%) with 95% confidence interval (25.5–35.8), and the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the 98 Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirmed cases was 4 (4.1%). The prevalence of rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the tuberculosis suspected patients was 1.24%. Participants who had a history of treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs were more likely to develop rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions: This study identified relatively high rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis suspected patients in the study area. Early detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be given enough attention to strengthen the management of tuberculosis cases and improve direct observation therapy short-course and eventually minimize the spread of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strain in the community.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Samtse General Hospital, Bhutan: A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Thinley Dorji
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mdr Tb

Introduction: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as a case of tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid which are the first line anti tuberculosis drugs. Globally emergences of MDR-TB possess a challenge to TB control. In Bhutan, the proportion of MDR-TB is high at par with the global level. This study will explore the predictors of MDR-TB and the trend at Samtse General Hospital which has high burden of tuberculosis. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study. The data was extracted from TB treatment cards maintained at TB unit of Samtse General Hospital TB from January 2012 to June 2018. Results: The study showed the prevalence of drug resistant to at least one drug at 21% and MDR-TB prevalence at 16%. The patients with previous treatments (AOR: 4.59; 95% CI .03-.18) and patients under the age of 30 years (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI 1.01- 7.42) were significantly associated with MDR-TB. Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence of MDR-TB in Samtse. Better strategies and concrete actions need to be developed to combat the increase of MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Prevalence of rifampicin resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients in eastern Uttar Pradesh: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen B. Gautam ◽  
Ashwini Mishra ◽  
Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis threatens global TB control and is a major public health problem in several countries and India has the highest tuberculosis in the world. The rifampicin resistance is a good predictor of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rifampicin resistance M. tuberculosis and associated factor among presumptive tuberculosis patients in eastern Uttar Pradesh.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017. Detection of M. tuberculosis and resistance to rifampicin was performed using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data was collected using pre-structured questionnaire by face to face interview. The chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of each ratio, p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Out of 510 patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 168 (32.9%). Out of these 168 patients, the prevalence of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis was 44 (26.1%). It was higher among male 38 (30.6%) than female 6 (13.6%). Regarding age distribution, maximum numbers of rifampicin resistance patients were in the age group of 20-40 years 36.7%. The prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 36 (27.6%) and 8 (21.0%) in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary respectively. Out of 44 rifampicin resistant cases, 39 (37.8%) were previously treated and 5 (7.6%) cases were treatment naïve patients. In this study, among presumptive DRTB cases, new 2 (11.7%), relapse 13 (39.3%), failure 23 (46.0%), loss to follow-up 1 (10.0%) and MDR contact 1 (20.0%) respectively were rifampicin resistant and one HIV seropositive patient was found to be rifampicin resistant.Conclusions: Previously treated cases were significantly associated with rifampicin resistance tuberculosis. The Gene Xpert is a good equipment for rapid detection and management of drug resistant tuberculosis for both pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.

A cross sectional study of drug resistant tuberculosis in previously treated cases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshu Gul Punjabi ◽  
Rakesh Waghmare ◽  
Rahul Lokhande ◽  
Tilak Dhamgaye ◽  
Vishwanath Pujari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Previously Treated

scholarly journals Pattern of Anti-Microbial Sensitivity and Resistance against Salmonella Species in a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Begum ◽  
Md Shafiqul Bari ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽  
Naser Ahmed ◽  
KAR Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paratyphi B

Background: Drug resistant Salmonella spp. continues to remain a health problem as last two decades have witnessed the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance against conventional anti-typhoid drugs. Multidrug resistant (MDR) typhoid is now a serious problem in many developing countries including Bangladesh.Objectives: To find out antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance patterns of different types of Salmonella spp. in patients with enteric fever and to find out the epidemiological strains (e.g. resistant strain, epidemic strain, MDR strain) in patients with enteric fever.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done during October 2009–November 2010 and January–December 2012 at United Hospital Limited, Dhaka. Laboratory reports of blood culture were collected from those patients who were investigated as suspected cases of enteric fever. Both the indoor and outdoor patients were enrolled in the study. Salmonella species resistant to one or more of the first line drugs were divided into resistant strain, epidemic strain and multi-drug resistant strain.Results: During the period October 2009–November 2010, total 210 subjects were enrolled. Among the participants, 122 were male and 88 were female. S. typhi were found in 133 samples whereas 76 were S. paratyphi A and only 1 S. paratyphi B. Sensitivity was found 77% for ampicillin, 91.4% for cotrimoxazole, 78.6% for chloramphenicol, 87.6% for ciprofloxacin, 96.6% for cefixime, 98% for ceftriaxone and only 22.1% for azithromycin (77.9% resistant). Total 91 (43.3%) cases were found having resistant strain, 6 (2.8%) epidemic strain and 8 (3.8%) MDR strain Salmonella spp. The sensitivity of azithromycin was analyzed among different categories of strains and revealed that 52.7% showed resistance in resistant strain, 100% in epidemic strain and 87.5% in MDR strain. During the period between January–December 2012, total 139 subjects were enrolled. Among the participants 68 were male and 71 were female with a ratio of 1:1.04. S. typhi were found in 84 cases whereas 55 were S. paratyphi A and no S. paratyphi B. Sensitivity was found 62.7% for ampicillin, 82% for cotrimoxazole, 83% for chloramphenicol, 45.2% for azithromycin, 95% for ciprofloxacin, 99.3% for cefixime and 100% for ceftriaxone. Total 55 (39.6%) cases were found having resistant strain, 3 (2.1%) epidemic strain and 17 (12.2%) MDR strain Salmonella spp. Against azithromycin 67.3% showed resistance in resistant strain, 33.3% in epidemic strain and 29.4% in MDR strain.Conclusion: The policy of empirical treatment of enteric fever needs to be rationalized and newer generation antibiotics should be restricted only for multi-resistant cases of enteric fever.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(2): 88-92

scholarly journals Evaluation of gene mutations in resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran - a 2-year study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alikhani ◽  
Elnaz Amini ◽  
Mohsen Arabi ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Due to the significant prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in northern Iran, we aimed to investigate the gene mutations in resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary TB patients in these provinces of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sputum of patients with suspected tuberculosis were evaluated in the central TB laboratory of Golestan in a period of two years from 2017 to 2019. After growing the isolates on Lowenstein-Jensen medium, the antibiotic-resistant cases identified using the resistance ratio method. Then, the DNAs of the resistant isolates were extracted manually by the CTAB-Proteinase K method and investigated for gene mutations using PCR test and sequencing.Results: The mean age of 26 patients was 52 years, while smoking, addiction, and diabetes were more common risk factors. However, 4 isolates (15.38%) were resistant to antibiotics, while one (3.84%) of them was resistant to rifampin, and two isolates (7.69%) were resistant against isoniazid, whereas one other isolate (3.84%) exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. The MDR isolate had a mutation in codon 315 of the KatG gene resulting in the conversion of serine to threonine, and a mutation in the codon 450 of the rpoB gene, causing the alteration of serine to leucine. In the rifampin-resistant isolate, a mutation occurred at the same site converting serine to leucine. Conclusions: The low prevalence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in this study indicates the appropriate treatment of the patients in this area, however, the prevalence of resistance to isoniazid was higher than rifampin. The more important point was that the single MDR isolate was identified in Mazandaran province.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document