Is Abnormal Electrodiagnostic Finding Related to the Cross-Sectional Area of the Nerve Root in Cervical Radiculopathy?

Objective To assess the relevance of electrodiagnosis (EDX) in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the nerve root of patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) by using high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS).Methods The CSAs of the cervical nerve roots at C5, C6, and C7 were measured bilaterally using HRUS in 29 patients with unilateral CR whose clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and EDXresults corresponded with each other (CR-A group), and in 26 patients with unilateral CR whose clinical symptoms and MRI findings matched with each other but did not correspond with the EDX findings (CR-B group). Results The CSA of the affected side in each nerve root was significantly larger than that of the unaffected side in both the CR-A and CR-B groups. The side-to-side difference in the bilateral CSAs of the nerve root and the ratio of the CSAs between the unaffected and affected sides were statistically larger in the CR-A group than in the CR-B group.Conclusion The increased CSAs in the CR-A group reflect the physiological changes of the cervical nerve root, which is supported by the EDX findings.

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Investigation of the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound with high-resolution ultrasonographic cross-sectional area measurement of cervical nerve roots in patients with chronic cervical radiculopathy: a prospective, controlled, single-blind study

Journal of Medical Ultrasonics ◽

10.1007/s10396-017-0855-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 479-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Burcu Metin Ökmen ◽

Korgün Ökmen ◽

Lale Altan

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Cervical Radiculopathy ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Nerve Roots ◽

Cervical Nerve ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Single Blind ◽

Cervical Nerve Roots

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Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

10.21203/rs.2.22271/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mengyang Cong ◽

Xingming Xu ◽

Jianfeng Qiu ◽

Shun Dai ◽

Chuanzhi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Right Coronary Artery ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Element Model ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material.Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow ( P <0.0001) and the pressure ( P =0.0001). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal ( P =0.0001, r=0.8198) and abnormal ( P =0.0199, r=0.4925) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

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Postoperative Outcome of Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis after Fenestration: Correlation with Changes in Intradural and Extradural Tube on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/230949900201000206 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 136-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K Yamazaki ◽

S Yosida ◽

T Ito ◽

T Toba ◽

S Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cauda Equina ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross

Purpose. To evaluate the serial changes in clinical results and the intradural and extradural spaces on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after bilateral fenestration in 48 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Methods. A prospective interventional study was performed to study the clinical results, magnetic resonance imaging scans among patients who were followed up for more than 3 years. Results. All patients showed improvement in clinical symptoms after operation, but clinical results deteriorated in 9 (19%) patients. Postoperative MRI scans showed that poor dural tube expansion, grouping of the cauda equina, and decrease in the cross-sectional area of the dural tube were factors associated with poor outcomes. The cross-sectional area of the dural tube and images of the cauda equina observed by MRI, before and after fenestration and during follow-up, reflected changes in clinical symptoms involving decompressed segments. Conclusion. Serial changes in the cross-sectional area of the dural tube and images of the cauda equina observed preoperatively, postoperatively, and on follow-up by MRI may be useful when evaluating patients' condition before and after operation. It is also useful for predicting outcomes.

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Can we Rotate the Head Safely During Cervical Nerve Root Injection?

Indian Journal of Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽

10.25259/ijmsr_8_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Aamer Iqbal ◽

Emer McLoughlin ◽

Steven James ◽

Rajesh Botchu

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Artery ◽

Nerve Root ◽

Head Rotation ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cervical Nerve Root ◽

Cervical Nerve ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epidural Injections

Objectives: Trans-foraminal epidural injections have been used successfully to aid in the management of cervicobrachialagia. The aim of this study was to assess the cross sectional area of the vertebral artery during transforaminal cervical nerve root injections (TFCNRI) when the head is typically rotated and to compare with the neutral position cross sectional area. We hypothesize that head rotation does not lead to a change of vertebral artery calibre at the neural foramen, thus this technique can be performed relatively safely during TFCNRI. Material and Methods: A pilot study involving a retrospective review of 16 computed tomography guided TFNRI was performed and cross sectional area of vertebral artery with head tilted and head in neutral position was performed. Results: There was no correlation between the degree of head rotation and change in the area of the ipsilateral or contralateral vertebral artery. Conclusion: We suggest that head can safely be rotated to varied degrees while performing TFCNRI.

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Ultrasonography for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: correlation of clinical symptoms, cross-sectional areas and electroneuromyography

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1177/17531934211059808 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 175319342110598

Author(s):

Maire Ratasvuori ◽

Markus Sormaala ◽

Antti Kinnunen ◽

Nina Lindfors

Keyword(s):

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽

Carpal Tunnel ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Entry Points ◽

Tunnel Syndrome ◽

The Cross

This study evaluates the usefulness of ultrasonography in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The cross-sectional area of the median nerve was measured at the forearm and its entry into the carpal tunnel and compared with clinical symptoms and electroneuromyography. A total of 124 patients were examined, 77 patients with clinically confirmed CTS and 47 controls. A significant correlation was found between the ultrasonography cross-sectional area values at entry points into the carpal tunnel and electroneuromyography. The highest sensitivity (87%) and specificity (91%) for different cut-off values (8.5–12.5 mm2) of the cross-sectional area was for 11.5 mm2. The use of ultrasonography may provide a quick and reliable differential diagnostic tool for the primary diagnosis of CTS in patients with classical symptoms. Level of evidence: II

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Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

10.21203/rs.2.22271/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

mengyang cong ◽

Xingming Xu ◽

Jianfeng Qiu ◽

Shun Dai ◽

Chuanzhi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Right Coronary Artery ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Element Model ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material. Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant (P<0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow (P=0.0001) and pressure (P=0.0002). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal (P=0.0001, r=0.8178) and abnormal (P=0.0033, r=0.6107) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

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Atrophy patterns in isolated subscapularis lesions

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04241-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gernot Seppel ◽

Andreas Voss ◽

Daniel J. H. Henderson ◽

Simone Waldt ◽

Bernhard Haller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Control Group ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subscapularis Muscle ◽

Mri Scans ◽

The Mean ◽

The Cross

Abstract Background While supraspinatus atrophy can be described according to the system of Zanetti or Thomazeau there is still a lack of characterization of isolated subscapularis muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of muscle atrophy following repair of isolated subscapularis (SSC) tendon. Methods Forty-nine control shoulder MRI scans, without rotator cuff pathology, atrophy or fatty infiltration, were prospectively evaluated and subscapularis diameters as well as cross sectional areas (complete and upper half) were assessed in a standardized oblique sagittal plane. Calculation of the ratio between the upper half of the cross sectional area (CSA) and the total CSA was performed. Eleven MRI scans of patients with subscapularis atrophy following isolated subscapularis tendon tears were analysed and cross sectional area ratio (upper half /total) determined. To guarantee reliable measurement of the CSA and its ratio, bony landmarks were also defined. All parameters were statistically compared for inter-rater reliability, reproducibility and capacity to quantify subscapularis atrophy. Results The mean age in the control group was 49.7 years (± 15.0). The mean cross sectional area (CSA) was 2367.0 mm2 (± 741.4) for the complete subscapularis muscle and 1048.2 mm2 (± 313.3) for the upper half, giving a mean ratio of 0.446 (± 0.046). In the subscapularis repair group the mean age was 56.7 years (± 9.3). With a mean cross sectional area of 1554.7 mm2 (± 419.9) for the complete and of 422.9 mm2 (± 173.6) for the upper half of the subscapularis muscle, giving a mean CSA ratio of 0.269 (± 0.065) which was seen to be significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Analysis of typical atrophy patterns of the subscapularis muscle demonstrates that the CSA ratio represents a reliable and reproducible assessment tool in quantifying subscapularis atrophy. We propose the classification of subscapularis atrophy as Stage I (mild atrophy) in case of reduction of the cross sectional area ratio < 0.4, Stage II (moderate atrophy) in case of < 0.35 and Stage III (severe atrophy) if < 0.3.

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The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9630249 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

RM Seebeck

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Angus Cattle ◽

The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

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Comparison of the Cross Sectional Area, the Loss in Volume and the Mechanical Properties of LAE442 and MgCa0.8 as Resorbable Magnesium Alloy Implants after 12 Months Implantation Duration

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.675 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 638-642 ◽

pp. 675-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martina Thomann ◽

Nina von der Höh ◽

Dirk Bormann ◽

Dina Rittershaus ◽

C. Krause ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Bending Test ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Initial Strength ◽

Three Point Bending ◽

The Cross

Current research focuses on magnesium based alloys in the course of searching a resorbable osteosynthetic material which provides sufficient mechanical properties besides a good biocompatibility. Previous studies reported on a favorable biocompatibility of the alloys LAE442 and MgCa0.8. The present study compared the degradation process of cylindrical LAE442 and MgCa0.8 implants after 12 months implantation duration. Therefore, 10 extruded implants (2.5 x 25 mm, cross sectional area 4.9 mm²) of both alloys were implanted into the medullary cavity of both tibiae of rabbits for 12 months. After euthanization, the right bone-implant-compound was scanned in a µ-computed tomograph (µCT80, ScancoMedical) and nine uniformly distributed cross-sections of each implant were used to determine the residual implants´ cross sectional area (Software AxioVisionRelease 4.5, Zeiss). Left implants were taken out of the bone carefully. After weighing, a three-point bending test was carried out. LAE442 implants degraded obviously slower and more homogeneously than MgCa0.8. The mean residual cross sectional area of LAE442 implants was 4.7 ± 0.07 mm². MgCa0.8 showed an area of only 2.18 ± 1.03 mm². In contrast, the loss in volume of LAE442 pins was more obvious. They lost 64 % of their initial weight. The volume of MgCa0.8 reduced clearly to 54.4 % which corresponds to the cross sectional area results. Three point bending tests revealed that LAE442 showed a loss in strength of 71.2 % while MgCa0.8 lost 85.6 % of its initial strength. All results indicated that LAE442 implants degraded slowly, probably due to the formation of a very obvious degradation layer. Degradation of MgCa0.8 implants was far advanced.

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