Ethnomedicinal study of Plants in Wonchi District, South Western Shewa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Dida ◽  
Bikila Warkineh ◽  
Ermias Lulekal ◽  
Sebsebe Demissew
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Utilization ◽  
Plant Families

Abstract This study documents indigenous medicinal plant utilization, management and the threats affecting them. The study carried out in Wonchi District from December to March 2017. Ethnomedicinal data were collected using semi-structural interview, Field observation, Preference and Direct matrix ranking with traditional healers. The Ethnomedicinal use of 68 plant species belonging to 62 genera and 34 families. was documented in the study area. The most commonly used plant families were Lamiaceae 9 species, 13.23%) followed by Asteraceae (8, 11.76%).Most of the plants (70.6%) were reportedly used to treat human diseases. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves (66%), followed by roots (17.64%).The dominant route of remedy administration was oral (38 preparations, 55.9%) followed by dermal (20, 29.4%), nasal (8, 11.8%) and optical (2, 3%). The study showed that Wonchi District is rich in medicinal plant and related indigenous knowledge. However, anthropogenic factors and very poor conservation efforts threaten medicinal plant survival in the study area. Promotion a complementary in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategy for medicinal plants of the District highly recommended.

scholarly journals In situ and ex situ conservation gap analyses of crop wild relatives from Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolipher Khaki Mponya ◽  
Tembo Chanyenga ◽  
Joana Magos Brehm ◽  
Nigel Maxted
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Minimum Number

Abstract The study analysed the conservation gaps of the priority crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa for Malawi in order to contribute to the development of a harmonized conservation strategy that helps secure the priority CWR under in situ and ex situ. We used taxa distribution modelling, complementarity analysis and ecogeographic land characterization map to analyse spatial diversity and distribution of 123 priority taxa across different adaptive scenarios. We identified areas of observed and predicted richness, the minimum number of protected areas (PAs) that conserve the broadest ecogeographic diversity in situ and the minimum number of grid cells that capture highest diversity outside PAs to recommend the establishment of genetic reserves. We then analysed the representativeness of the conserved ecogeographic diversity of target taxa in ex situ collections to identify ex situ conservation gaps and advise for priority areas for ex situ collections. For the 123 taxa, 70.7% of the total diversity occurs in 36 PAs with 66.8% of the diversity captured in only 10 complementary PAs. Outside PAs, the broadest diversity was conserved in three grid cells of size 5 × 5 km. Fifty-three of 123 taxa have ex situ collections with only three taxa having ex situ collections at the Malawi Plant Genetic Resources Centre. The findings of this study will guide formulation of conservation actions for the priority taxa as well as lobbying for active conservation of the same under in situ and ex situ.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Yilmana Densa and Quarit Districts, West Gojjam, Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derebe Alemneh
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Phytolacca Dodecandra

Abstract Background: Traditional herbal preparations for addressing human diseases and ailments have been applied in Yilmana Densa and Quarit Districts, Ethiopia, for generations. However, the medicinal knowledge of the community and the plants are subjected to loss without being scientifically documented due to anthropogenic factors. Hence, this study aims at providing a comprehensive documentation on medicinal plant knowledge of the people to conserve the knowledge and medicinal plants of the areas.Methods: Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, field observation and market survey were used to collect ethnobotanical data. All semi-structured interviews were followed by independent walk in the woods exercises. Field observations were performed with the help of local guides. The data analysis methods were informant consensus factor and fidelity level, frequency and cultural significance indices, preference and direct matrix ranking exercises. Results: A total of 112 medicinal plants were reported. Fabaceae was represented with highest species. Leaves were the primary source of remedy. Most remedy was prepared by pounding and administered orally. Miscellaneous, central nervous and digestive system diseases were recorded with highest informant agreements while Dodonia angustifolia, Dovyalis abyssinica, Hagenia abyssinica, Nigella sativa and Urtica simensis were recorded with highest healing potential for malaria, tapeworm, cough, stomach ulcer respectively. Phytolacca dodecandra, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Carissa spinarum and Croton macrostachyus were recorded with highest frequency, use, and cultural values respectively. Verbascum sinaiticum was the most preferred to treat blood pressure Conclusion: The study indicated that indigenous knowledge on medicinal plant use is still rich and active in the Districts. Species with recorded highest consensus for curative role are a useful pool for further phytochemical and pharmacological validation for better utilization. Declining medicinal flora of the area calls for implementation of a coordinated complementary in situ and ex situ conservation strategy.

scholarly journals Conservación in situ y ex situ de las agaváceas y nolináceas mexicanas

2017 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Irma Sonia Franco-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Yucca Schidigera ◽  
Risk Of Extinction ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Plant Families

The Agavaceae and Nolinaceae, as other plant families, have been affected by the destruction and modification of their habitats and by selective extraction with commercial purposes of some of their species. This has generated that 48 species of Agavaceae and Nolinaceae have been included in the list of Mexican plants in risk of extinction (NOM-059-ECOL-l 994), and two of them (Agave parviflora and Agave victoriae-reginae) are listed in the appendices of CITES. There are 30 Protected Natural Areas that conserve in situ at least one species of the Agavaceae or Nolinaceae. The ex situ conservation is done in 38 Botanical Gardens, 22 of them include in their collections at least one species of these families. There are also eight commercial nurseries that have started the propagation by seed of 12 species, mainly from the genus Agave. Case studies on Agave victoriae-reginae, Beaucarnea recurvata and Yucca schidigera, are also analyzed.

scholarly journals Conservation seed physiology of the ciénega endemic, Eryngium sparganophyllum (Apiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Wolkis ◽  
Steve Blackwell ◽  
Shyla Kaninaualiʻi Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Germination Success ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Equilibrium Relative Humidity

Abstract Knowledge of seed dormancy and optimal propagation techniques is crucial for successful ex situ restoration and reintroduction projects, and determining the seed storage behaviour of a species is critical for the long-term conservation of seeds, further supporting future ex situ efforts. Eryngium sparganophyllum (Apiaceae) is a globally critically endangered plant species endemic to ciénega wetlands of southwest North America. To support in situ and ex situ conservation efforts of E. sparganophyllum, we asked (i) how does the embryo: seed (E:S) ratio change over time once imbibed, (ii) how does germination respond with varying periods of exposure to cold (5°C) and warm (25°C) stratification, and concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3). By answering these questions, (iii) can dormancy class be inferred, and (iv) what storage behaviour category is exhibited? To answer these questions, we collected seeds in Southern Arizona from one of the few remaining wild populations. We measured embryo growth and tested the effects of cold (0–18 weeks) and warm (0 and 4 weeks) stratification, and 0–1000 ppm gibberellic acid on germination. We also tested the effects of cold (−80°C) dry (~20% equilibrium relative humidity) storage on germination. We found that (i) embryos grow inside seeds prior to germination; (ii) compared to control, cold stratification for at least 6 weeks increased germination and warm stratification had no effect; (iii) 1000-ppm GA3 had the highest germination success; (iv) therefore this species exhibits morphophysiological dormancy; and (v) seeds are orthodox and can therefore be conserved using conventional storage methods. This information will aid managers in the propagation of E. sparganophyllum that is crucial for in situ reintroduction and restoration projects, and seed banking represents a critical ex situ conservation strategy for the preservation of this species.

scholarly journals Current and Potential Spatial Distribution of Six Endangered Pine Species of Mexico: Towards a Conservation Strategy

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Romero-Sanchez ◽  
Ramiro Perez-Miranda ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
Mario Velasco-Garcia ◽  
Efraín Velasco-Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Pine Species

Mexico is home to the highest species diversity of pines: 46 species out of 113 reported around the world. Within the great diversity of pines in Mexico, Pinus culminicola Andresen et Beaman, P. jaliscana Perez de la Rosa, P. maximartinenzii Rzed., P. nelsonii Shaw, P. pinceana Gordon, and P. rzedowskii Madrigal et M. Caball. are six catalogued as threatened or endangered due to their restricted distribution and low population density. Therefore, they are of special interest for forest conservation purposes. In this paper, we aim to provide up-to-date information on the spatial distribution of these six pine species according to different historical registers coming from different herbaria distributed around the country by using spatial modeling. Therefore, we recovered historical observations of the natural distribution of each species and modelled suitable areas of distribution according to environmental requirements. Finally, we evaluated the distributions by contrasting changes of vegetation in the period 1991–2016. The results highlight areas of distribution for each pine species in the northeast, west, and central parts of Mexico. The results of this study are intended to be the basis of in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for the endangered Mexican pines.

Ex-situ conservation of medicinal plant genetic resources managed by national agrobiodiversity center of Korea

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Sung ◽  
CW Jeong ◽  
YY Lee ◽  
HS Lee ◽  
YA Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽  
José F. M. Valls ◽  
Aluana G. Abreu ◽  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

Conservation and Change: A Comparison of In situ and Ex situ Conservation of Jala Maize Germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Rice ◽  
Margaret E. Smith ◽  
Sharon E. Mitchell ◽  
Stephen Kresovich
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Maize Germplasm

In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Coconut Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Roland Bourdeix ◽  
Steve Adkins ◽  
Vincent Johnson ◽  
Lalith Perera ◽  
Sisunandar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Jelena Aleksic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Vitro Production

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.

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