The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual transmission among older people in Sichuan, China

Abstract Background：CRF_BC recombinants, including CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, were considered the predominant subtypes in China. Since the discovery of HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF 85_BC in Southwest China in 2016, this BC recombinant forms had been reported in different regions of China. However, the history and magnitude of CRF85_BC transmission were still to be investigated. Method: We conducted the most recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among newly reported HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan in 2019 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 1291 pol sequences. Then, we used maximum likelihood approach and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of pol sequences to reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic dynamics of the CRF85_BC.Results: HIV-1 CRF85_BC (68/1291, 5.27%) became the fourth most prevalent strain revealing a significant increase in local population. CRF85_BC were only found in heterosexually infected individuals and the majority of CRF85_BC (95.45%) were circulating among the people living with HIV aged 50 years and over (PLHIV50+), suggesting a unique prevalent pattern. The founder lineages of CRF85_BC were likely to have first emerged in Yunnan, a province of Southwest China bordering Sichuan, in the early 2000s. It then spread exponentially to various places (including Guangxi, Sichuan, et al) and became endemic around 2008.6 (2006.7-2010.2) in Sichuan. Conclusion: Taken together, our ﬁndings on HIV-1 subtype CRF85_BC infections provided new insights into the spread of this virus and extended the understanding of the HIV epidemic in China.

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The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual transmission among older people in Sichuan, China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05488-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ling Su ◽

Yi Feng ◽

Shu Liang ◽

Yali Zeng ◽

Yiping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southwest China ◽

Local Population ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Demographic Dynamics ◽

The People ◽

Prevalent Strain ◽

Likelihood Approach ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background CRF_BC recombinants, including CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, were considered the predominant subtypes in China. Since the discovery of HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF 85_BC in Southwest China in 2016, this BC recombinant forms had been reported in different regions of China. However, the history and magnitude of CRF85_BC transmission were still to be investigated. Method We conducted the most recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among newly reported HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan in 2019 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 1291 pol sequences. Then, we used maximum likelihood approach and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of pol sequences to reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic dynamics of the CRF85_BC. Results HIV-1 CRF85_BC (68/1291, 5.27%) became the fourth most prevalent strain revealing a significant increase in local population. CRF85_BC were only found in heterosexually infected individuals and the majority of CRF85_BC (95.45%) were circulating among the people living with HIV aged 50 years and over (PLHIV50+), suggesting a unique prevalent pattern. The founder lineages of CRF85_BC were likely to have first emerged in Yunnan, a province of Southwest China bordering Sichuan, in the early 2000s. It then spread exponentially to various places (including Guangxi, Sichuan, et al) and became endemic around 2008.6 (2006.7–2010.2) in Sichuan. Conclusion Taken together, our findings on HIV-1 subtype CRF85_BC infections provided new insights into the spread of this virus and extended the understanding of the HIV epidemic in China.

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The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual transmission among older people in Sichuan, China

10.21203/rs.2.24373/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ling Su ◽

Yi Feng ◽

Shu Liang ◽

Yali Zeng ◽

Yiping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southwest China ◽

Local Population ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Demographic Dynamics ◽

The People ◽

Prevalent Strain ◽

Likelihood Approach ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background: CRF_BC recombinants, including CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, were considered the predominant subtypes in China. Since the discovery of HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF 85_BC in Southwest China in 2016, this BC recombinant forms had been reported in different regions of China. However, the history and magnitude of CRF85_BC transmission were still to be investigated. Method: We conducted the most recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among newly reported HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan in 2019 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 1291 pol sequences. Then, we used maximum likelihood approach and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of pol sequences to reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic dynamics of the CRF85_BC.Results: HIV-1 CRF85_BC (68/1291, 5.27%) became the fourth most prevalent strain revealing a significant increase in local population. CRF85_BC were only found in heterosexually infected individuals and the majority of CRF85_BC (95.45%) were circulating among the people living with HIV aged 50 years and over (PLHIV50+), suggesting a unique prevalent pattern. The founder lineages of CRF85_BC were likely to have first emerged in Yunnan, a province of Southwest China bordering Sichuan, in the early 2000s. It then spread exponentially to various places (including Guangxi, Sichuan, et al) and became endemic around 2008.6 (2006.7-2010.2) in Sichuan. Conclusion: Taken together, our ﬁndings on HIV-1 subtype CRF85_BC infections provided new insights into the spread of this virus and extended the understanding of the HIV epidemic in China.

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The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual transmission among older people in Sichuan, China

10.21203/rs.2.24373/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ling Su ◽

Yi Feng ◽

Shu Liang ◽

Yali Zeng ◽

Yiping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southwest China ◽

Local Population ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Demographic Dynamics ◽

The People ◽

Prevalent Strain ◽

Likelihood Approach ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

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The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual trasmission among older people in Sichuan, China

10.21203/rs.2.24373/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

ling su ◽

Yi Feng ◽

Shu Liang ◽

Yali Zeng ◽

Yiping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southwest China ◽

Local Population ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Mcmc Sampling ◽

Demographic Dynamics ◽

The People ◽

Prevalent Strain ◽

Likelihood Approach ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract BackgroudCRF_BC recombinants, including CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, were considered the predominant subtypes in China. Since the discovery of HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF 85_BC in southwest china in 2016, this BC recombinant forms had been reported in different region of China. However, the history and magnitude of CRF85_BC transmission had not been investigated.MethodWe conducted the most recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among newly reported HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan in 2019 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 1291 pol sequences. Then, we used maximum likelihood approach and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of pol sequences to reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic dynamics of the CRF85_BC.ResultsHIV-1 CRF85_BC (68/1291, 5.27%) became the fourth most prevalent strain revealing a significant increase in local population. CRF85_BC were only found in heterosexually infected individuals and the majority of CRF85_BC (95.45%) were circulating among the people living with HIV aged 50 years and over (PLHIV50+), which suggests a unique prevalent pattern. We further found that the founder lineages of CRF85_BC were likely to have first emerged in Yunnan, a province of Southwest China bordering Sichuan, in the early 2000s. Then, It spread exponentially to various places (including Guangxi, Sichuan, et al) and later on became endemic around 2008.5 (2007.0-2010.5) in Sichuan.ConclusionTaken together, our ﬁndings on HIV-1 subtype CRF85_BC infections provide new insights into the spread of this virus and extend the understanding of the HIV epidemic in China.

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Virological and Immunological Status of the People Living with HIV/AIDS Undergoing ART Treatment in Nepal

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/6817325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chet Raj Ojha ◽

Geeta Shakya ◽

Shyam Prakash Dumre

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Virological Failure ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cell Counts ◽

The People ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the life span of the people living with HIV (PLHIV), but their virological and immunological outcomes are not well documented in Nepal. The study was conducted at a tertiary care center including 826 HIV-1 seropositive individuals undergoing ART for at least six months. Plasma viral load (HIV-1 RNA) was detected by Real Time PCR and CD4+T-lymphocyte (CD4+) counts were estimated by flow cytometry. The mean CD4+count of patients was 501 (95% CI = 325–579) cells/cumm, but about 35% of patients had CD4+T cell counts below 350 cells/cumm. With increasing age, average CD4+count was found to be decreasing (p=0.005). Of the total cases, 82 (9.92%) were found to have virological failure (viral load: >1000 copies/ml). Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz (TDF/3TC/EFV), the frequently used ART regimen in Nepal, showed virological failure in 11.34% and immunological failure in 37.17% of patients. Virological failure rate was higher among children < 15 years (14.5%) (p=0.03); however, no association was observed between ART outcomes and gender or route of transmission. The study suggests there are still some chances of virological and immunological failures despite the success of highly active ART (HAART).

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HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission

Mucosal Immunology ◽

10.1038/s41385-021-00376-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bernadien M. Nijmeijer ◽

Marta Bermejo-Jambrina ◽

Tanja M. Kaptein ◽

Carla M. S. Ribeiro ◽

Doris Wilflingseder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Target Cells ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Lectin Receptor ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

AbstractSemen is important in determining HIV-1 susceptibility but it is unclear how it affects virus transmission during sexual contact. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 during sexual contact and have a barrier function as LCs are restrictive to HIV-1. As semen from people living with HIV-1 contains complement-opsonized HIV-1, we investigated the effect of complement on HIV-1 dissemination by human LCs in vitro and ex vivo. Notably, pre-treatment of HIV-1 with semen enhanced LC infection compared to untreated HIV-1 in the ex vivo explant model. Infection of LCs and transmission to target cells by opsonized HIV-1 was efficiently inhibited by blocking complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 enhanced uptake, fusion, and integration by LCs leading to an increased transmission of HIV-1 to target cells. However, in the absence of both CR3 and CR4, C-type lectin receptor langerin was able to restrict infection of complement-opsonized HIV-1. These data suggest that complement enhances HIV-1 infection of LCs by binding CR3 and CR4, thereby bypassing langerin and changing the restrictive nature of LCs into virus-disseminating cells. Targeting complement factors might be effective in preventing HIV-1 transmission.

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Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5304

Author(s):

Ana Santos-Pereira ◽

Vera Triunfante ◽

Pedro M. M. Araújo ◽

Joana Martins ◽

Helena Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype C ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Subtype B ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). Since Brazil presents the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South America we aimed at understanding the dynamics of DRM in this country. We analyzed a total of 20,226 HIV-1 sequences collected from PLWH undergoing ART between 2008–2017. Results show a mild decline of DRM over the years but an increase of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation from 2.23% to 12.11%. This increase gradually occurred following alterations in the ART regimens replacing zidovudine (AZT) with tenofovir (TDF). PLWH harboring the K65R had significantly higher viral loads than those without this mutation (p < 0.001). Among the two most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes (B and C) there was a significant (p < 0.001) association of K65R with subtype C (11.26%) when compared with subtype B (9.27%). Nonetheless, evidence for K65R transmission in Brazil was found both for C and B subtypes. Additionally, artificial neural network-based immunoinformatic predictions suggest that K65R could enhance viral recognition by HLA-B27 that has relatively low prevalence in the Brazilian population. Overall, the results suggest that tenofovir-based regimens need to be carefully monitored particularly in settings with subtype C and specific HLA profiles.

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Lower SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral Immunity in People Living With HIV-1 Recovered From Symptomatic Non-Hospitalized COVID-19

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.4000542 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel J. Schuster ◽

Shelly T. Karuna ◽

Caroline Brackett ◽

Martina Wesley ◽

Shuying S. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Humoral Immunity ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

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834. Characterization of Heavily Treatment Experienced HIV-1 Infected Clinical Trial Participants Infected with SARS-CoV-2 COVID 19: Fostemsavir BRIGHTE Phase 3 Clinical Trial

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S509-S509

Author(s):

Shiven Chabria ◽

Stephane De Wit ◽

Amy Pierce ◽

Bronagh M Shepherd ◽

Michael Warwick-Sanders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Supplemental Oxygen ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Research Support ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background BRIGHTE is an ongoing global study evaluating the gp120 attachment inhibitor fostemsavir (FTR) in heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) adults with multidrug resistant (MDR) HIV-1 unable to form a viable antiretroviral (ARV) regimen. An estimated 2 million people living with HIV-1 have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Those with HIV viremia and/or low CD4+ counts are at increased risk of serious adverse outcome. We describe the reported COVID cases in a clinical trial population of people living with MDR HIV and immune suppression. Methods At the start of the COVID pandemic, all ongoing BRIGHTE subjects had achieved ≥ 192 weeks on FTR and optimized background ARVs; results through Week 96 were presented previously. Investigators used WHO guidelines for COVID diagnosis and reported exposure, testing results and symptom presence. Figure 1. BRIGHTE Study Design Results 371 subjects [272 Randomized Cohort (RC), 99 Non-Randomized Cohort (NC)] were enrolled; 44% were ≥ 50 years of age and 86% had an AIDS history. Median CD4+ count at study start of was 80 cells/mm3 (IQR 11–202); 30% with ≤ 20 cells/mm3. 250 subjects remained in BRIGHTE at pandemic start. By April 2021, 17 subjects (14 RC, 3 NC) had confirmed COVID infection (positive PCR test). Severity was Grade 1-3, all cases resolved with no deaths. Six subjects were hospitalized (Table 1); most recent CD4+ count prior to COVID were 293-1641 cells/mm3 and 5/6 subjects were virologically suppressed. Treatments often included prophylactic anticoagulants and supplemental oxygen; no cART changes were made. The remaining 11/17 confirmed cases were managed outpatient. Five more subjects had suspect COVID not confirmed by PCR and 2 subjects had negative PCR tests. Table 1. Characterization of Participants with Serious AEs of Confirmed COVID-19 Infections – All Hospitalizations Conclusion A total of 22/250 COVID-19 cases (17 confirmed, 5 unconfirmed) have been reported in BRIGHTE. Outcomes were reassuring with no deaths or known persistent sequelae, despite having advanced HIV and comorbid diseases at baseline associated with poorer COVID outcomes. Outcomes may have benefitted from immunologic improvement during the trial. Disclosures Shiven Chabria, MD, Viiv Healthcare (Employee) Stephane De Wit, MD, Gilead (Grant/Research Support)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)Merck Sharpe & Dohme (Grant/Research Support)ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Amy Pierce, BS, GlaxoSmithKline (Shareholder)ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Bronagh M. Shepherd, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder) Michael Warwick-Sanders, BM BSc DPM MFPM, GSK (Employee) Marcia Wang, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder) Andrew Clark, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Shareholder)ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Peter Ackerman, MD, GSK/ViiV Healthcare (Employee, Shareholder)

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STUDI RETROSPEKTIF KETAHANAN HIDUP ORANG DENGAN INFEKSI HIV/AIDS (ODHA) DI RSUD DR. ACHMAD MOCHTAR BUKITTINGGI

Human Care Journal ◽

10.32883/hcj.v3i3.89 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Sukarsi Rusti

Keyword(s):

Opportunistic Infection ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Analysis Data ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Chi Square ◽

The People ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS disease is a health problem in indonesia. The problem cause of the number of morbility and mortality that still hight. It is cause of long term infection, adherance consuming the drungs and opportunistic that can deastroy the imun system of People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The purpose of this research is to identify the factors related to the people living with PLHIV in Achmad Muchtar Hospital Bukittinggi2016.This research was conducted by a retrospective cohort design approach, doing research of the death of people who living with HIV by observing the patient’s medical record from 2014-2015. The research of study were 215 patient’s who is criteria inclusion. Analysis data using test chi-square. who became the independent variable is long infection, adherance comsuming the Anti Retroviral (ARV) , and opportunistic infection and dependent variable that survive the HIV people life.The research showed that among 215 patients with the number of deaths 39 people ( 18,% ), stages 3 and 4 (>5 th) is 89 people ( 41.4% ), not adherence is 77 people ( 35.8% ), and who suffered an opportunistic infection were 61 people (28.4% ). The statistical test relationships survival of people living with HIV with long-term infection obtained p value = 0,000 and RR = 0,019 ( confidence interfal 95 % with alpha = 0.05 ), adherance comsuming the ARV obtained p value = 0,000 and RR = 0,494 ( confidence interfal 95 % with alpha = 0.05 ), infection opportunistic obtained p value = 0,000 and RR = 0,361 ( confidence interfal 95 % with αlpha = 0.05 ).From these findings, it can be concluded that the long-term infection, adherence ARV and opportunistic infections associated with survival of people living with HIV. Of the three variables obtained interrelated and value the highest association is long-term infection.

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