Performance Enhancing of Galloping-based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting by Exploiting 1:1 Internal Resonance of Magnetically Coupled Oscillators

Abstract In this study, we introduced 1:1 internal resonance in a magnetically coupled 2-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester to improve the energy harvesting efficiency. The governing equations for the proposed magnetically coupled aero-electro-mechanical system considering the effect of oscillating wake are established using the extended Hamilton principle, and the method of multiple scale is exploited to obtain approximate analytical solutions. Parameter sweeping numerical calculation is conducted to validate the analytical prediction through comparing with analytical solutions, and the results show a good matching between them. In addition, we investigated the systematic dynamic behaviors under a pure oscillating wake induced 1:1 internal response. Typical nonlinear characteristics such as jump, hysteresis, frequency synchronization under varying design parameters appear in the present system. Especially, cusp bifurcation and synchronization regime of oscillating wake coupled nonlinear oscillator in \(\eta - {\Theta _w}\) plane and \(\sigma - {\Theta _w}\) plan. With an adoption of magnetic force, chaos happens as the gap distance decreases smaller than 5 mm, and a frequency lock-in phenomenon can be strengthened through adjusting the magnet distance. In the perspective of output performance, both of the voltage and power output results shows that the exploiting of 1:1 internal resonance can significantly improve the output performance under a suitable magnet distance.

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Using passive control by a pendulum in a portal frame platform with piezoelectric energy harvesting

Journal of Vibration and Control ◽

10.1177/1077546317709387 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (16) ◽

pp. 3684-3697 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rodrigo T Rocha ◽

Jose M Balthazar ◽

Angelo M Tusset ◽

Vinicius Piccirillo

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Periodic Orbit ◽

Internal Resonance ◽

Passive Control ◽

Dynamical Behavior ◽

Frame Structure ◽

Nonlinear Dynamical ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Portal Frame ◽

Portal Frame Structure

This work presents a passive control strategy using a pendulum on a simple portal frame structure, with two-to-one internal resonance, with a piezoelectric material coupling as a means of energy harvesting. In addition, the system is externally base-excited by an electro-dynamical shaker with harmonic output. Due to internal resonance the system may present the phenomenon of saturation, which provides some nonlinear dynamical behavior to the system. A pendulum is coupled to control nonlinear behaviors, leading to a periodic orbit, which is necessary to maintain energy harvesting. The results show that the system presents, most of the time, as being quasiperiodic. However, it does not present as being chaotic. With the pendulum, it was possible to control most of these quasiperiodic behaviors, leading to a periodic orbit. Moreover, it is possible to eliminate the need for an active or semi-active control, which are usually more complex. In addition, the control provides a way to detune the energy captured to the desired operating frequency.

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Influence of Bias Angle on Output Performance of Nonlinear Asymmetric Energy Harvesters: Experimental Investigation

Volume 8: 30th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise ◽

10.1115/detc2018-85479 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Junyi Cao ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Chris R. Bowen

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Power Output ◽

Performance Enhancement ◽

Vibrational Energy ◽

Experimental System ◽

Harmonic Excitation ◽

Nonlinear Phenomena ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

Output Performance ◽

Piezoelectric Energy

In recent decades, the technique of piezoelectric energy harvesting has drawn a great deal of attention since it is a promising method to convert vibrational energy to electrical energy to supply lower-electrical power consumption devices. The most commonly used configuration for energy harvesting is the piezoelectric cantilever beam. Due to the inability of linear energy harvesting to capture broadband vibrations, most researchers have been focusing on broadband performance enhancement by introducing nonlinear phenomena into the harvesting systems. Previous studies have often focused on the symmetric potential harvesters excited in a fixed direction and the influence of the gravity of the oscillators was neglected. However, it is difficult to attain a completely symmetric energy harvester in practice. Furthermore, the gravity of the oscillator due to the change of installation angle will also exert a dramatic influence on the power output. Therefore, this paper experimentally investigates the influence of gravity due to bias angle on the output performance of asymmetric potential energy harvesters under harmonic excitation. An experimental system is developed to measure the output voltages of the harvesters at different bias angles. Experimental results show that the bias angle has little influence on the performance of linear and monostable energy harvesters. However, for an asymmetric potential bistable harvester with sensitive nonlinear restoring forces, the bias angle influences the power output greatly due to the effect of gravity. There exists an optimum bias angle range for the asymmetric potential bistable harvester to generate large output power in a broader frequency range. The reason for this phenomenon is that the influence of gravity due to bias angle will balance the nonlinear asymmetric potential function in a certain range, which could be applied to improve the power output of asymmetric bistable harvesters.

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Exploring 1:3 internal resonance for broadband piezoelectric energy harvesting

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing ◽

10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. 107493

Author(s):

M. Aravindan ◽

S. Faruque Ali

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Internal Resonance ◽

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽

Piezoelectric Energy

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Flexoelectric Energy Harvesting of Circular Rings

Volume 8: 22nd Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Conference; 25th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise ◽

10.1115/detc2013-12769 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

X. F. Zhang ◽

S. D. Hu ◽

H. S. Tzou

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Output Power ◽

Strain Gradient ◽

Electromechanical Coupling ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Equivalent Resistance ◽

Flexoelectric Effect ◽

Piezoelectric Energy

Flexoelectricity, the electromechanical coupling of the polarization response and strain gradient, occurs in solid crystalline dielectrics of any symmetry or asymmetric crystals. Different from the piezoelectric energy harvester, an energy harvester based on the direct flexoelectric effect is designed in this study. The energy harvester consists of an elastic ring and a flexoelectric patch laminated on its outer surface. Due to the direct flexoelectric effect, the electric energy induced by the strain gradient of the flexoelectric patch is harvested to power the electric device when the ring is subjected to mechanical excitations. Electromechanical coupling equation of the flexoelectric energy harvesting system in close-loop circuit condition is derived. In this study, dynamic response, output power across the external resistor and energy harvesting results are evaluated when the ring is excited by a harmonic point loading. The output power is a function of the external excitation frequency, the external equivalent resistance, the flexoelectric patch’s thickness and other design parameters. Case studies of those parameters for the flexoelectric energy harvester are presented to optimize the output power. Results show that the optimal excitation frequency is equal to the natural frequency for each mode, and the optimal equivalent resistance is dependent of the equivalent capacitance of the flexoelectric patch and the excitation frequency. Since the output power of the flexoelectric energy harvester is similar to that of the piezoelectric energy harvester, comparison of the two harvesters is also discussed. With all the optimal conditions discussed, it can supply a design principle in the engineering applications.

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Modeling of a Symmetric Five-Bar Displacement Amplification Compliant Mechanism for Energy Harvesting

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1095

Author(s):

Moataz M. Elsisy ◽

Mustafa H. Arafa ◽

Chahinaz A. Saleh ◽

Yasser H. Anis

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Energy Harvesting ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Compliant Mechanism ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Mathematical Representation ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

The Mathematical Model

This paper presents an analytical model to determine a closed form mathematical representation for the output displacement of a displacement amplification compliant mechanism used for energy harvesting. A symmetric five-bar compliant mechanism with right-circular and corner-filleted flexure hinges was mathematically modeled and its displacement was determined using the Castigliano energy theorem. The stresses within the flexure joints, the weakest points in the mechanism body, were calculated. The mathematical model expresses both the displacement amplification and the stresses as functions of the design parameters and the load caused by the harvester. The developed model can be used to optimize the mechanism dimensions for maximum harvested power, while minimizing its structural stresses. The mechanism was also modeled numerically using finite element methods; both the analytical and numerical models were verified experimentally. The mathematical model of the mechanism was integrated with a model representing a piezoelectric energy harvester to calculate the open-circuit voltage. As a proof of concept, experiments were performed using an unimorph piezoelectric cantilever at low-frequency (less than 1 Hz) harmonic excitation inputs. The measured open-circuit voltage was found to be in agreement with that calculated using the proposed model, when integrated with the model representing the piezoelectric beam. The power generated by the piezoelectric harvester, equipped with the proposed displacement amplification mechanism, was more than a hundred times that without amplification.

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Vibration Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.846 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 846-851

Author(s):

T.S. Shakthivel ◽

Ramesh Gupta Burela

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽

Longitudinal Vibrations ◽

Health Monitoring System ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Parametric Studies

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has applications in aircraft technology, where the piezoelectric patches are attached to the wings of the aircraft to convert the mechanical vibrations into useful electrical energy, which further is used to power the sensors of Aircraft Health Monitoring System, inflight operations like lighting and onboard entertainment. In this article, the performance of vibration based piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) for a given frequency range is studied. A piezoelectric material that has a maximum piezoelectric coefficient (PZT-G1195) is chosen to increase the effective power output. The output power generated by the harvester due to transverse and longitudinal vibrations are compared. Finally parametric studies are performed on the PEH to analyze the design parameters influencing its performance.

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Modal Energy Transduction of a Cylindrical Shell Laminated With a Segmented Piezoelectric Layer

Volume 8: Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Fluids; Vibration, Acoustics and Wave Propagation ◽

10.1115/imece2011-63037 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

X. Li ◽

K. C. Chuang ◽

H. Li ◽

H. S. Tzou

Keyword(s):

Cylindrical Shell ◽

Energy Harvesting ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Energy Transduction ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Direct Piezoelectric Effect

Energy transduction between the mechanical and electric effects has been evaluated over the years. Energy harvesting based on the direct piezoelectric effect using the curvature structures is a new endeavor in engineering applications. This study focuses on energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations through a simply supported circular cylindrical shell laminated with segmented piezoelectric energy harvester patches. The voltages (or modal signals) induced by the modal strains of the piezoelectric patch due to the direct piezoelectric effect can be further converted to modal energies. Spatial distributions of the modal energies are evaluated and compared in three piezoelectric energy harvester patch sizes, and key design parameters. The objective of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution characteristic of the modal energy and evaluate the effects of energy harvester patch size and physical parameters on the generation of the modal energy. These data evaluated in this study can be used as guidelines to design the optimum piezoelectric energy harvester in practical engineering applications.

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Effects of Electrical and Electromechanical Parameters on Performance of Galloping-Based Wind Energy Harvester with Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Transductions

Vibration ◽

10.3390/vibration2020014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 222-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongyan Wang ◽

Liya Zhao ◽

Lihua Tang

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Analytical Solutions ◽

Power Output ◽

Parametric Study ◽

Energy Harvester ◽

Numerical Solutions ◽

Average Power ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Approximate Analytical Solutions

This paper presents an analysis of galloping-based wind energy harvesters with piezoelectric and electromagnetic transductions. The lumped parameter models of the galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester (GPEH) and galloping-based electromagnetic energy harvester (GEMEH) are developed and the approximate analytical solutions of the equations are derived using the harmonic balance method (HBM). The accuracy of the approximate analytical solutions is validated by the numerical solutions. A parametric study is then conducted based on the validated models and solutions to understand the effects of the dimensionless load resistance, r, and electromechanical coupling strength (EMCS) on various quantities indicating the performance of the harvesters, including the dimensionless oscillating frequency, cut-in wind speed, displacement, and average power output. The results show that both r and EMCS can affect the dimensionless oscillating frequencies of the GPEH and GEMEH in a narrow frequency range around the natural frequency. A significant decrease in the displacement around r = 1 for GEPH and at a low r for GEMEH indicates the damping effect induced by the increase in EMCS. There are two optimal r to achieve the maximal power output for GPEH given strong EMCS while there is only one optimal r for GEMEH. Both GPEH and GEMEH show similar characteristics in that the optimal power outputs can reach saturation with an increase of the EMCS. The findings from the parametric study provide useful guidelines for the design of galloping-based energy harvesters with different energy conversion mechanisms.

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