scholarly journals Job Quality In The Micro And Small Business Sector In Ethiopia: Evidence From Firm-Level Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berihu Assefa Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises

Abstract Using a large dataset from the 10 largest cities in Ethiopia, this paper studies what entrepreneurial characteristics and attributes contribute to quality job creation in the micro and small enterprises (MSE) sector. We measure job quality in two ways – i) using wage and contract, and ii) health and occupational safety variables. We find that micro and small enterprises that create quality jobs tend to be operated by highly educated and experienced entrepreneurs. This highlights the role of human capital in quality job creation and poverty reduction. Further, we find that micro and small enterprises that create quality jobs tend to be larger in size and managed by professionally recruited managers.

scholarly journals The Arrival of Fast Internet and Employment in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1032-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Hjort ◽  
Jonas Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Job Creation ◽  
Job Displacement ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cable Network ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Employment Gain ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Fast Internet

To show how fast Internet affects employment in Africa, we exploit the gradual arrival of submarine Internet cables on the coast and maps of the terrestrial cable network. Robust difference-in-differences estimates from 3 datasets, covering 12 countries, show large positive effects on employment rates—also for less educated worker groups—with little or no job displacement across space. The sample-wide impact is driven by increased employment in higher-skill occupations, but less-educated workers’ employment gain less so. Firm-level data available for some countries indicate that increased firm entry, productivity, and exporting contribute to higher net job creation. Average incomes rise. (JEL F14, J23, J24, J63, L86, O15, O33)

scholarly journals Creative Destruction of Industries: Yokohama City in the Great Kanto Earthquake, 1923

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Okazaki ◽  
Toshihiro Okubo ◽  
Eric Strobl
Keyword(s):  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Machine Technology ◽  
Kanto Earthquake ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Before And After

The Great Kanto Earthquake occurred on 1 September 1923 and inflicted serious damage on Yokohama City. About 90 percent of the factories in Yokohama City were burnt down or completely destroyed. However, these manufacturing industries appear to have swiftly recovered in the aftermath of the damage. This article investigates the role of creative destruction due to the Great Kanto Earthquake. Using firm-level data on capital (horsepower of motors) before and after the earthquake, we find substantial creative destruction, that is, upgrade of machine technology and/or survival of efficient firms. We find further collaborating evidence of this at the prefecture level.

scholarly journals Job Quality, FDI and Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Firm-Level Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiris Blanas ◽  
Adnan Seric ◽  
Christian Viegelahn
Keyword(s):  
Job Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Sub Saharan

The Thai Currency Crisis: Financing Constraints, High Fixed Costs, and Corporate Governance

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Dekle ◽  
Cathy Karnchanasai ◽  
Pongsak Hoontrakul
Keyword(s):  
Scale Economies ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Financing Constraints ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Financing Costs

We examine the role of financing constraints in depressing output during the Asian financial crisis, using Thai firm-level data. From an output decline of 3.7 percent in our sample in 1998, we find that tightening financing constraints contributed to lowering output by 1.7 percent. We also find evidence of high scale economies or high fixed costs in Thai industries. With high fixed costs, small changes in unit costs or financing costs can lead to large changes in output. We interpret the high fixed costs as evidence of overinvestment prior to the crisis.

Entrepreneurship in Africa – a classificatory framework and a research agenda

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kuada
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degree Of Innovation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a classificatory framework for mapping out entrepreneurs and small businesses with growth potentials in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The study undertakes a review of the existing development economics and entrepreneurship literature to determine the need for the framework and how to proceed in developing it. Findings – The literature review informs that although enterprise-led growth provides a greater promise for absolute poverty reduction, policymakers lack guidelines on how to identify those with highest potentials for job creation and tax revenue generation. Furthermore, African entrepreneurs can purposefully be classified in terms of their motives and degree of innovation. The classification produces a 2×2 matrix that maps out the growth capabilities of businesses found in a given country or community. Research limitations/implications – The framework provides researchers and policymakers with descriptive categories that can guide their strategies and decisions. Originality/value – Introducing innovation-imitation dimension into the classificatory framework extends and improves previous typologies of small enterprises available in the literature.

scholarly journals State business relations and the dynamics of job flows in Egypt and Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-558
Author(s):  
Oznur Ozdamar ◽  
Eleftherios Giovanis ◽  
Sahizer Samuk
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Business Relations

Abstract Long-standing challenges concerning unemployment and the role of government have been the dominant underlying themes in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Effective State-Business Relations (SBRs) comprise a set of highly responsive and public interactions between the state and the business sector. The aim of this study is to explore the dynamics of net job creation rates in Egypt and Turkey, and the role of the SBRs, including various firm characteristics. The analysis relies on firm-level data derived from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys over the period 2008–2013. We implement the weighted ordinary least squares (OLS). Furthermore, we apply an Instrumental Variables (IV) Approach and the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method for robustness check, to deal with the potential endogeneity issues coming from the self-reported statements and the possible degree of reverse causality between SBRs and the main outcomes of interest. Our findings suggest four major obstacles to SBRs, with constraints of access to finance and credit and political instability being the common major obstacles in the two countries explored. Corruption and lack of proper infrastructure in electricity in Egypt are found to be the next two main obstacles in SBRs, while tax rates and competition from the informal sector are identified as the other two main obstacles in Turkey. The results show that obstacles in SBRs contribute negatively to the net job creation. According to these findings, policy implications include the need to make SBRs operate more efficiently, investments on proper infrastructure and policies that minimize corruption and political instability.

Exporting and environmental performance: where you export matters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan S. Blyde ◽  
Mayra A. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

Empirical analyses that rely on micro-level panel data have found that exporters are generally less pollutant than non-exporters. While alternative explanations have been proposed, firm level data has not been used to examine the role of destination markets behind the relationship between exports and pollution. In this paper we argue that because consumers in high-income countries have higher valuations for clean environments than consumers in developing countries, exporters targeting high-income countries are more likely to improve their environmental outcomes than exporters targeting destinations where valuations for the environment are not high. Using a panel of firm-level data from Chile we find support to this hypothesis. A 10 percentage point increase in the share of exports to high-income countries is associated with a reduction in CO2 pollution intensity of about 16%. The results have important implications for firms in developing countries aiming to target high-income markets.

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