Business households in the context of Vietnam's culture and law

The article analyzes and clarifies the position and role of business households in the system of business entities in the market economy in Vietnam. From its small-scale position, restrictions on the rights to use labor and business locations, current Vietnamese laws have established provisions to ensure equality in legal status, autonomy, and self-responsibility on business transactions of business households. However, the business household is built and managed on the basis of the family, the members of the business household both show blood relation and economic relation. Therefore, the family traditional cultural factors have a huge impact on the internal and business relations of household businesses. The traditional family relationship, and the relationship among the members (of the business household) in the business relations related to asset liability and the development support policy of the State will form the pillar to promote the development of household businesses to become an important and indispensable part of the market economy and international integration in our country currently.

Corporate Governance in the Digital Economy

The task of organizing corporate governance of groups of business systems that carry out industrial activities in the Industry 4.0 paradigm and are focused on a single market segment is considered. The subjects of governance are defined as residents of corporate business relations (stakeholders) who provide management or action the business as an investor, owner, lender, etc. The objects of governance are defined as business systems and their groups (business complexes, State corporations) formed as a result of institutional and infrastructural transformations in the primary and aggregated parts of industry. The innovative component (subject), corresponding to the globalization of economic and digitalization of business processes, introduced an information system into the management channel that performs modeling and evaluating the effectiveness of corporate business relations in a virtual environment using digital twins of governance objects. Digital twins are the information components of a virtual corporation deployed on a platform of a decentralized ecosystem. The criterion for the quality of governance is the effectiveness of the corporation, formed in a balanced space of parameters relevant to financial and production indicators. The technology is described and the scheme of the corporate governance system is presented, which complementarily combines the action of business management systems and artificial intelligence (scheduler) of the virtual environment on the groups. It is proposed to extend the mechanisms of corporate governance to the business relations of the parties regulated in the digital institutional environment by electronic procedures.

ETHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL EXPERTS BUSINESS RELATIONS ON CONDUCTING INSTITUTIONAL AUDIT

The article considers the basic principles of professional ethics of educational experts in conducting institutional audits of educational institutions, including the rule of law, public interest as the main criteria of professional activity of an expert, professional competence, exclusion of self-profit actions, objectivity and independence, confidentiality of information, etc. The rules of interaction with representatives of educational institutions engaged in educational activities are presented. Emphasis is placed on the psychological aspects of business relations and relationships with colleagues. It is noted, that the work of an educational expert does not only require comprehensive knowledge of legislation in the field of education, but also includes certain moral obligations based on generally accepted norms, which guide the expert in conducting institutional audits in educational institutions. The Code of Professional Ethics of an institutional audit expert in educational institutions is a set of moral and ethical obligations and requirements based on generally accepted norms, which experts have to follow during the institutional audit procedure in educational institutions. The following theoretical research methods were used to solve certain problems: systematic analysis, comparison, systematization, classification and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on the problem; method of systematic analysis of philosophical, psychological-pedagogical, sociological literature for theoretical generalization of leading scientific approaches; interpretation of key provisions of the study.

The Interaction Effects of Innovation, Business Relations, and the Country Context with Firm Age on Entrepreneurial Internationalization

The accelerating rate of technological progress and the increasing number of people having international experiences resulted in the emergence of entrepreneurial internationalization. Internationalization is challenging for entrepreneurs as they have limited resources to compete with large multinationals. We explore how entrepreneurs benefit from the unique individual-level resources and the country’s innovation at a macro level on internationalization pursued by exports. We develop a research model to test the direct effects of innovation, business relations, and the contextual framework conditions of country innovativeness as well as their interactions with firm age on export performance. We construct a data-set covering 72 economies over the globe drawn from GEM data and test our research model using multiple and hierarchical linear regressions. We find that innovation and country innovativeness interact with firm age on export performance when controlled for various entrepreneurial and business level characteristics. Our research contributes to the literature offering important implications for entrepreneurs and policymakers. At the entrepreneurial level, innovation is a unique resource that an entrepreneur can get the most benefit out from it in the early stages of foundation. At the country level, developing policies supporting a favorable innovative environment is crucial, particularly in low innovative countries, to boost entrepreneurial internationalization in their early stages.

On Some Problems of Commercial Law in Ukraine

The paper is devoted to the disclosure of certain aspects of recodification in Ukraine, some existing problems of the Ukrainian commercial law as well as the conflict of norms between the Commercial Code of Ukraine and the Civil Code of Ukraine. In year 2020, the Concept of Civil Legislation Reform was adopted in Ukraine. The Concept of Civil Legislation Reform states that the systematic renewal of the Civil Code of Ukraine as a whole is possible only if the Commercial Code of Ukraine is repealed because the latter does not meet the parameters of the acts governing business relations which, by their nature, are primarily private. The presented study explains the current problems of the Ukrainian commercial law as well as civil law regulation of business relations for both: 1) the foreign scholars dealing with the civil law and commercial law; 2) the foreign investors (including investors from the European Union countries) who are already conducting economic activities in Ukraine or plan to invest in the Ukrainian economy. Special attention is given to such issues like the types of ownership, penalties for obligations, differences in legal capacity, difference of approaches to the system of legal entities, existence of some archaic legal forms of entrepreneurial activity, etc. The author emphasizes that undoubtedly the Commercial Code of Ukraine as well as the Civil Code of Ukraine need some updating. There is an urgent need to systematize the existing organizational and legal forms of legal entities and to renew the basics of civil law regulation in Ukraine. It is explained in the paper, while in most neighbouring jurisdictions steps are being taken to systematic update of the commercial codes (including expanding the scope of their legal regulations), in Ukraine steps are being taken to eliminate the commercial code. This seems completely unacceptable; it harms the legal regulation of business relations in Ukraine significantly and slows down the progressive development of the Ukraine’s economy. The analysis of the commercial codes abroad shows that there is no single approach to the list of legal constructions that should form the basis of the relevant code. All, without exception, codified acts of this type are characterized by the presence of special institutions that, from the point of foreign lawyer’s view or current trends in private law, may seem do not meet certain standards.

The Role of the Press in the From Turk to Turk Campaign in Cyprus Under British Rule

Turkish Cypriot newspapers played an important role in the construction of Turkish national identity during the From Turk to Turk Campaign in Cyprus in the late 1950s. The campaign involved the establishment of Turkish municipalities that were separate from the Greek Cypriot ones and the change of village names into Turkish and aimed at conducting all trade and other business relations exclusively between Turks in order for them to develop economically. This article examines the role of the newspapers that were published in Cyprus in 1958 and 1959, which is the period during which the From Turk to Turk Campaign was active.