The Effects of youth rural-urban migration on the socio-economic aspects of migrant-sending rural households; the case of Yaya Gulale woreda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jambo Dadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Youth Migration ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Youth migration is becoming a world-wide pandemic. In developing countries like Ethiopia rural-urban migration is continuing to occur at high levels as people seek new opportunities in the city to escape from rural poverty. Young people leave their villages and even their countries because of the limited potential for development inside their community. The effects of this exodus of youth can simultaneously affects development in both urban and rural areas. To this end, this study was conducted to assess the effects of youth rural-urban migration on the socio-economic aspects of migrant sending rural households. In order to generate extensive data, the study was employed cross-sectional qualitative research design. Study participants were selected via purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Both primary and secondary data were employed; in-depth interview, key informant interview and focus group discussion were used to collect the first hand information from study participants. Data generated through different data collection instruments triangulated for their reliability and validity purpose and analyzed by using thematic analysis. Finding from this study reveals that youth rural-urban migration is a burden as well as opportunity for migrant sending rural households. Hence, the out flows of economically active people from rural agricultural sector reduce the availability labor force migrant households are experiencing shortage of labor which adversely affects their productivity. Moreover, rural youth migration put the life of rural elderly parents at risky as much as it takes away the care givers thereby exposes them for loneliness and depression. On the other side, youth rural outmigration is an opportunity for migrant sending households as much as the money sent back from migrants helped family left behind in improving their livelihood. It is recommended that in order to minimize the rate of rural youth migration social amenities should be provided by government and awareness should be given for migrant households on the best use of remittance to maximize its long-term benefits.

scholarly journals PATTERN OF MALE OUT-MIGRATION FROM RURAL ODISHA

2020 ◽  
pp. A 44-A 47
Author(s):  
Disha Das
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Primary Survey ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ganjam District

Male out-migration has become a way of life particularly among the rural households of Odisha. For decades now, the rural parts Odisha, have been witnessing huge exodus of male members to urban centres due to the lack of non-farm jobs and industrial underdevelopment. Out-migration is one of the common strategies used by men in rural areas to overcome the uncertainties associated with agriculture and also as a means to diversify their income. This paper attempts to study the pattern of male out-migration for economic reason from rural Odisha using data collected through a primary survey conducted in four villages of Ganjam district. KEYWORDS: Out-Migration, Socio-economic Characteristics, Odisha, Ganjam, Rural-Urban Migration

scholarly journals Who and Why? Understanding Rural Out-Migration in Uganda

Geographies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
Samuel Tumwesigye ◽  
Lisa-Marie Hemerijckx ◽  
Alfonse Opio ◽  
Jean Poesen ◽  
Ronald Twongyirwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Rural–urban migration in developing countries is considered to be a key process for sustainable development in the coming decades. On the one hand, rural–urban migration can contribute to the socioeconomic development of a country. On the other hand, it also leads to labor transfer, brain-drain in rural areas, and overcrowded cities where planning is lagging behind. In order to get a better insight into the mechanisms of rural–urban migration in developing countries, this paper analyzes motivations for rural–urban migration from the perspective of rural households in Uganda. A total of 1015 rural households located in southwestern Uganda were surveyed in 2019. A total of 48 percent of these households reported having at least one out-migrant. By means of logistic regression modeling, the likelihood for rural out-migration was assessed using household- and community-level socioeconomic characteristics as predictors. The results show that most out-migrants are from relatively wealthy households with a higher-than-average education level. Typically, these households are located in villages that are well connected with urban centers. Poor households in remote locations send significantly fewer migrants because of their limited access to migration information and poor transport networks. From these findings, the following policy recommendations are made: Firstly, efforts should be made to extend basic social services, including quality education, towards rural areas. Secondly, in order to reduce socially disruptive long-distance migration and the eventual overcrowding and sprawls of major cities, government investments should be oriented towards the upgrading of secondary towns, which can offer rural out-migrants rewarding employment and business opportunities.

scholarly journals Government Induced Programmes to Mitigate Rural-Urban Migration under Climate Change Dynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shashikant Divakar ◽  
Chandan Kumar Panda ◽  
Anil Paswan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Change Dynamics ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Climate change has much impact on regular drought and flood conditions of India, in result it influence agriculture. Agriculture is major means of livelihood and nearly 80 per cent of rural population of India depend on it.  But this profession is not being sustainable for the livelihood because of regular flood and drought situation which results in migration of rural youth. Some main causes of migration of the rural youth to the urban areas are lack of economic incentives coupled with other factors like less opportunities for employment and lack of infrastructure for education. Human population can migrate as both interstate as well as intrastate for establishing a new permanent or semi- permanent residence. During 2001 census the total number of migrants was 314 million by the last residence. Out of which 85% of the migration was intrastate. While 13% of migration was residences interstate. About 20 million people had migrated from rural areas to urban areas.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors of Rural Families’ Migration to Urban Area: The Case of Kabul, Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdul Ahad Hakim ◽  
Ismet Boz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Manuscript Preparation ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Aims: This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural families’ migration to urban areas in Kabul, Afghanistan. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected in different neighbourhoods of Kabul, Afghanistan during the July-September period of 2019. Data analyses and manuscript preparation were completed in the October-December period of 2019. Methodology: First, the most populated neighbourhoods of Kabul, particularly those areas where the majority of families migrated from rural areas were determined. The data of the study were collected from 400 rural-urban migrants in Kabul city. The questionnaires were filled during face to face informal meetings with households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means. The questionnaire included socio-economic characteristics of rural-urban migrants, pushing and pulling factors which affected rural migration, reasons for insecurity in rural areas, and satisfaction and reintegration of migrants in Kabul city. Results: The results show that unemployment with 9.53 and fear of terror with 9.15 are the most effective pushing factors for rural families to migrate. However, the most important pulling factors which make Kabul city attractive for rural families are the issues regarding rights (women rights with 8.82, having right to vote with 8.73 and human rights with 8.71). Conclusion: In the last five years Afghanistan had huge number immigration internally (1.1 million person) and internationally (1.7 million people) Results of this study suggest that to slower rural-urban migration in Afghanistan, rural development programs should be implemented, and the priority of these programs should be given to the creation of employment opportunities and eliminating gender inequalities in rural areas. Otherwise, either rural-urban migration or dissatisfaction of being in Kabul and preferring not reintegrating back to their villages will make rural-urban migrants seek international migration.

scholarly journals RURAL URBAN MIGRATION AND WOMEN IN URBAN SLUMS OF KARACHI

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Shagufta Nasreen ◽  
Asma Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Poverty creates many problems. Out of which one major problem is an increase in migration rate. In Pakistan, the rate of inter province and rural urban migration has increased in the last few years resulting in an expansion in urban population. The objective of this study was to explore the experience of women who have migrated from rural to urban areas with their families and are living in urban slums. Moreover, the study aims to explore the reasons of migration from rural to urban areas, the change occurred in their living conditions and their level of satisfaction. Total 100 women from selected katchi abadis (urban slums) of Karachi and were in-depth interviewed through questionnaire method. To have an in depth analysis of the situation, both open and closed ended questions were included. Results show that most of these women have migrated with their families due to poverty. The need is to take decisions that promote equity and social justice. The distribution of resources and development planning need to focus on the need of urban and rural areas on equal bases because just moving towards metropolitan city does not change their living rather it is deteriorating the situation.

Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on the Food Consumption Pattern of Farming Households in Ibadan/Ibarapa Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-238
Author(s):  
Fatai Abiola Sowunmi ◽  
Funmi Lydia Adeduntan
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

The study examined the impact of rural-urban migration on the food consumption pattern of farming households. The study revealed that 73.8% of the households had migrants, while 80.2% of the migrants were male. The highest level of education of most of the migrants was secondary school (71.4%). The study showed that the major reason (63.3%) for migration was for job. The average remittance sent per year was ₦108,119.14. The study revealed that household expenditure on carbohydrate food group accounted for 54.4% of the total households' expenditure on food. The average dietary diversity indices for the migrant (0.345) and non-migrant (0.346) households were low. The study revealed that migration (short and long term) positively influenced per capita food expenditure of respondent. Despite the remittance from some of the migrants, the need to develop the rural areas in terms of provision of basic infrastructures by government is imperative in order to reduce rural-urban migration.

Data Sources and Issues in Measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Migrant Flow ◽  
Previous Location

This chapter details the data sources deployed and the approaches to deriving measures from them. National definitions of urban settlements vary but are demonstrated to match satellite imagery surprisingly well. Most selected sources ask if the place of origin was rural or urban, though in several censuses this is imputed on the nature of the location of origin, rejecting instances where locations prove too diverse; significant contrasts are not found between the two approaches. Those sources that ask place of birth show significantly lower lifetime migration from urban to rural areas than those reporting only location during childhood; their rural-urban migration propensities do not differ. Measures of migrant flow rates, return migration, and other temporary moves require interim location information. Sources reporting the previous location and duration of residence prove more useful than those asking location five years before. A contention of symmetry between rural-urban and urban-rural migration propensities is rejected.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Anselem C. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.

The Distribution of Household Income in China: Inequality, Poverty and Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Terry Sicular
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis article examines recent trends in inequality and poverty and the effects of distributional policies in China. After a discussion of data and measurement issues, we present evidence on national, as well as rural and urban, inequality and poverty. We critically examine a selection of policies pursued during the Hu–Wen decade that had explicit distributional objectives: the individual income tax, the elimination of agricultural taxes and fees, minimum wage policies, the relaxation of restrictions on rural–urban migration, the minimum living standard guarantee programme, the “open up the west” development strategy, and the development-oriented rural poverty reduction programme. Despite these policies, income inequality in China increased substantially from the mid-1990s through to 2008. Although inequality stabilized after 2008, the level of inequality remained moderately high by international standards. The ongoing urban–rural income gap and rapid growth in income from private assets and wealth have contributed to these trends in inequality. Policies relaxing restrictions on rural–urban migration have moderated inequality. Our review of selected distributional policies suggests that not all policy measures have been equally effective in ameliorating inequality and poverty.

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