Food Consumption Patterns, Breakfast, Meals with Family and Associations with Common Mental Disorders in Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundAdolescence is a period of transition and vulnerabilities, in which mental illnesses can develop more easily. The objective of this work is to verify the association between food consumption patterns and the presence of Common Mental Disorders in Brazilian adolescents. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study which analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years, from the ERICA Study. Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify Food Consumption Patterns, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between Common Mental Disorders, Food Consumption Patterns, and eating practices that are breakfast consumption and practice of having meals accompanied by family. ResultsTwo patterns were found, a Healthy Food Consumption Pattern and a Unhealthy Food Consumption Pattern. Adolescents classified in the second (OR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.68 - 0.88) or third (OR: 0.87; 95% CI 0.74 - 0.95) tercile of the Healthy Food Consumption Pattern had a lower chance of having Common Mental Disorders, while those who belonged to the third tercile of the Unhealthy Food Consumption Pattern (OR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.02 - 1.42), had an increased chance of having Common Mental Disorders. Eating breakfast sometimes (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.59 - 0.80) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.52; 95% CI 0.46 - 0.59), and the practice of having the main meals with the family sometimes (OR: 0.64; 95% CI 0.54 - 0.75) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.48; 95% CI 0.40-0.55), decreased the chance for Common Mental Disorders.ConclusionStrategies to promote the mental health of adolescents as the adoption of healthy eating practices must be strengthened and promoted.

Diet, Physical Activity and Food Consumption Pattern of Adolescent Girls in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

The prevalence of overweight and obesity especially among adolescent girls has increased at an alarming rate in many parts of the world. This study was designed to assess the diet, physical activity and food consumption pattern of adolescent girls in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. A descriptive cross sectional survey carried out using a pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire among 236 adolescent girls aged 10-16 years from randomly selected secondary schools in Port Harcourt. A self-administered questionnaire used to collect data on diet, physical activity and food consumption patterns of the respondents. The collected data analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 19.0). The frequency and descriptive analysis were included in the data analysis. The result revealed that a high percentage of girls (55.71%) skip their breakfast sometimes, consumed light meals (47.71%), had their meals thrice per day (61.43%) and eats occasionally from outside their homes (55.71%). The result also showed that rice (44.92%), yam (69.49%), sweet potatoes (47.88%), beans (33.90%), vegetables (47.88%), milk and milk products (36.86%) and energy dense beverages (38.14%) mostly consumed 1-2 times per week, while fish (51.27%), meat (51.27%), fruits (33.05%) and snacks (49.58%) were more consumed daily by the adolescent girls. The result also revealed that the girls were more active in dancing, walking for exercise and jogging/running. It was also found out that more than 60% or more of the adolescent girls were participating in some kind of regular physical activity on a weekly basis. The findings emphasize an urgent need for implementing an appropriate intervention for breakfast consumption, improving vegetable intake and daily milk consumption as this could assist in preventing the development of diseases associated with an inadequate intake of nutritious food.

Environmentally friendly household food consumption behavior

Natural resources, namely land and water, as the main input factors for food production have undergone degradation in quantity and quality. On the other hand, demand for food has been growing due to population increase, which requires to intensify the use of natural resources that may harm environment. One of the solutions to this problem is by managing household food consumption pattern. This study aimed to analyze current and eco-friendly household consumption behavior in Indonesia to overcome the above problem. A technical review was conducted to various nationally representative publications, mainly from Statistics Indonesia, Indonesian Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture. Results of this study indicated that in 2020 the Indonesian average daily energy and protein intake has met the recommendation. However, based on Desirable Dietary Pattern score, food consumption pattern was not balanced, dominated by cereals as carbohydrate food sources, while consumption of tubers, legumes, animal protein sources, vegetables, and fruits were still inadequate. Among high income households, consumption of animal products exceeded the recommendation whereas production of this food requires the highest environmental resources. Meanwhile, a large proportion of food waste are produced by household, mostly in the form of vegetables and fruits. Driving factors of household food selection were mainly based on social, economic, and cultural aspects rather than environmental consideration. Therefore, to reduce environmental damage, environmentally friendly food consumption behavior should be promoted. Government together with nutritionist and agronomists should create a grand design of food system which balances productivity, sustainability, and community nutrition fulfillment.

Food Security and Insecurity Analysis in Jambi Province

This study analyzed food security and insecurity using FSVA (Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas) mapping approach. The FSVA map presents district distribution based on food security and insecurity indicators. Current issues on food security include a drop in production and productivity due to land conversion, low adoption of technology at the farmer level, price fluctuation and ineffective price management, inefficient commerce system, low quality and quantity of public food consumption, failure to implement Diverse, Nutritious, Balanced and Safe Food Consumption Pattern (B2SA). This study aims to determine the vulnerability level of each district and propose countermeasures to reduce its rate. The results of FSVA mapping show that the 139 districts in Jambi could be grouped into the following categories: vulnerable (4 districts), quite vulnerable (18), sufficiently resistant (34), resistant (61), and very resistant (22). No districts fall under very vulnerable categories. Based on the ratio of per capita normative consumption of cereal production, 36 districts (25.90%) are vulnerable to food. Based on the toddler stunting prevalence, 78 districts (56.12%) are vulnerable to food, while based on the indicators of life expectancy, 48 Districts (34.53%) are food vulnerable.

Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Makanan Kariogenik dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

Introduction: Dental caries are a disease that damages tissue caused by emial and dentine Demineralization especially school-age children generally caries due to high interest and become a favorite in consuming kariogenic food So that the consumption pattern of karyogenic foods is very high. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of consumption patterns of karyogenic foods with dental carise. Method: Design research using descriptive analytic and cross sectional approach in 131 elementary school children with the technique of random sempling. Questionnaire to measure consumption patterns of karyogenic foods ie FFQ (food frequency questionnere) and dental caries test with DMF-T (Decay Missing Filled-Teeth). The analysis of this research uses the Chi-square test. Result: This study describes the high carcinogenic food consumption pattern of 77 respondents (58.8%), and children with dental caries of 33 respondents (61.1%). Describing the food consumption pattern of kariogenic foods with the incidence of dental caries on the children of SDN Rangkapan Jaya Baru Depok with results and P-value (0.000). Discussion : The pattern of consumption of cariogenic food with the incidence of dental caries in children at SDN X showed the majority of the pattern of consumption of high cariogenic food and children with dental caries. The results of the analysis show that there is a relationship between cariogenic food consumption patterns and the incidence of dental caries in children. In conclusion there was a relationship of kariogenic food consumption pattern with the incidence of dental caries.

Promoting Sustainable and Healthy Diets to Mitigate Food Insecurity Amidst Economic and Health Crises in Lebanon

Introduction: Lebanon, a middle-income Eastern Mediterranean country, continues to face detrimental economic, health and socio-political challenges that are further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In parallel, the country has been experiencing a remarkable nutrition transition that has contributed to the burden of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases, all imposing serious repercussions on people's livelihoods, food security, and health. Such circumstances have prodded public demand for guidance on affordable, healthy, and sustainable dietary choices to alleviate the burden to this emerging unfortunate situation.Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide evidence-based sustainable and healthy dietary recommendations which balance the tradeoffs among the health, environmental footprint and cost dimensions of sustainability, while closely resembling the usual food consumption pattern.Methodology: Data from the latest available national food consumption survey was used as the usual food consumption pattern of Lebanese adults. Optimized dietary patterns were calculated using the optimization model Optimeal which produced patterns most similar to the usual diet and simultaneously satisfying the three main sets of constraints: health, environmental footprints, and cost. The identified healthy and sustainable dietary options were vetted by multiple key stakeholders from the government, academia, international, and national non-governmental organizations.Results: Compared to the usual intake, the optimized diet included higher intakes of whole grain bread, dark green vegetables, dairy products, and legumes, and lower intakes of refined bread, meat, poultry, added sugars, saturated fat, as compared to usual national mean consumption. The optimized dietary model resulted in a decrease in the associated environmental footprints: water use (−6%); and GHG (−22%) with no change in energy use. The cost of the optimized diet was not different from that of the usual intake.Conclusion: An evidence-based sustainable and healthy diet was developed for Lebanon providing the population and policy makers with some answers to a complex situation. Findings highlight the need for the development of sustainable food based dietary guidelines for Lebanon to promote diets that are healthy, sustainable, culturally acceptable, and affordable and that can alleviate food insecurity among the general population.