COVID-19 and the Livelihoods of the Migrant Workers

The spread of the corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent nationwide lockdown in India from March 22, 2020 to control its further outbreak brought turmoil in the lives of millions who are primarily involved in the informal sector. A primary survey was conducted in the District of South 24 Pgs. in the state of West Bengal, India to know the effects of COVID-19 on rural livelihood, particularly of the migrant workers. Types of disruptions of rural livelihood of the households have been explored in the study. Perceptions of the effects of shocks of COVID-19 on the rural households have been assessed in terms of the following variables: loss of assets, loss of income, food insecurity/shortage, death of livestock, decline in consumption, decline in health conditions, socialization, effects on education, problems in accessing health facilities. Types of government supports provided to the households have been found for the study area. The role of the government in overcoming the crisis of livelihood has also been assessed.

Patient Reported Experience of Clinical Care of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Background Research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with rare diseases is limited. Few studies compare healthcare throughout the progression of the ongoing pandemic.Aims To assess the impact of lockdown on individuals with OI (Osteogenesis Imperfecta) across two consecutive years of the pandemic, to understand what challenges were encountered, and to analyse the experience of remote consultation.Methods Two independent surveys were distributed in August 2020 and April 2021. The primary survey was distributed following the first lockdown, and the second survey built on the experiences reported from the initial survey. The surveys explored four key themes- effects on therapy, alternatives to consultation, effect on mental health, and perceived risks of COVID-19.Results In the primary 2020 survey of the 110 respondents 69 (63%) had at least one appointment delayed due to lockdown, increasing to 89 of the 124 respondents (72%) in the follow-up survey. Of the 110 initial survey participants, 57 (52%) had a remote consultation, increasing to 92 of 124 (74%) in the follow-up survey. In the primary survey 63 of 91 (69%) expressed increasing anxiety due to lockdown, compared with 76 of 124 (61%) in the follow-up survey. In the primary survey 12 of 91 respondents (13%) expressed concerns at not seeing friends and family compared with 103 of 124 (83%) in the follow-up survey. In the second survey of 124 participants there were concerns regarding weight and diet (55, 44%), mobility (70, 56%), pain (71, 57%), and keeping physically active (89, 72%). The majority of participants felt they would have a worse illness and require longer rehabilitation than someone without OI (81 of 117 respondents, and 77 of 120 respectively), and the majority of participants (68%) had been vaccinated at the time of the second survey.Conclusions The pandemic has had widespread effects on both the mental and physical health of those with OI. These repercussions are likely to be felt for years to come. On the other hand, the pandemic has also revealed that in certain situations remote consultation may prove a viable long-lasting alternative to face-to-face appointments.

Dark Triad Personality Traits and Selective Hedging

We study the relationship between risk managers’ dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and their selective hedging activities. Using a primary survey of 412 professional risk managers, we find that managers with dark personality traits are more likely to engage in selective hedging than those without. This effect is particularly pronounced for older, male, and less experienced risk managers. The effect is also stronger in smaller firms, less centralized risk management departments, and family-owned firms.

Effects of Divorce in the Happiness of Children

This study investigates the impact that parent’s divorce has on the happiness of Albanian children in the city of Tirana. The age group was determined to be from 13 to 18 years old, because it related to adolescence, which is a difficult stage in which the child is prepared for the transition as an adult. The goal is to measure the level of happiness according to the subjective perception of the children for the time when they lived with both parents, and after that of divorce. Its achievement was accomplished by setting of such goals as: was the child happy before the divorce of the parents, is he happy after it now? Is he happy with the life he leads and would he liked to live with both parents again? If yes, what would it change in his life and would his happiness increase? Methodology involves a primary survey with the help of a structured questionnaire among 405 children from 19 public elementary and high schools in Tirana. The consequences of divorce to happiness of children are theoretically explained and give the opportunity to raise research questions in recent years. The research instrument includes questions about the level of happiness before and after parental divorce and the impact of parents‘ relationships after divorce on happiness for this segment of children. The data analyse have led to conclusions and recommendations on social policies to be followed towards this segment in the future.

Occupational and Educational Mobility Among Indian Muslims: Primary Survey-Based Evidence

Based on information obtained from 590 father–son pairs as part of the primary survey, this article discusses the issue of occupational and educational mobility among Indian Muslims. Intergenerational occupational and educational mobility and aggregate mobility measures have been analysed using mobility matrices. It uses a linear regression for education mobility and a multinomial logit model for occupational mobility to analyse the potential variables that are likely to influence sample households’ educational and occupational choices. The key finding is that educational mobility is much greater than occupational mobility and that half of the sons adhere to their fathers’ occupational categories. The results further show that the father’s occupation has a strong influence on the son’s educational achievement. It is recommended that the home, societal, peer pressure and the surroundings all be used to improve the educational outcome of the children. This study exhibits that Muslims’ perceptions of discrimination are substantially higher than their actual experiences, which stress the need for significantly improving communication between the government, NGOs, political parties and Muslim community leaders.

How University Graduation Shapes Attitudes Toward Employment in Different Generations Operating at Job Market?

The article deals with the evaluation of university graduates’ attitudes towards job characteristics based on their generation. Research shows that the attitudes of individuals in the labor market are currently changing. However, the question is to what extent this change is related to the entry of a new generation or to what extent generational affiliation plays a role in the different attitudes of individuals in the labor market. Therefore, the aim is to test the proposition whether the age of a graduate, respectively his / her affiliation to the generation X, Y or Z affects attitudes towards job characteristics. The partial goal of the article is to identify the main attitudes of searched generations to employment, the second partial goal is to identify attitudes to the evaluation of the benefits of university study in relation to employment. This paper evaluates data from the case study of a selected business university. The return rate of primary survey was representative for the graduates of the case university. The results obtained were statistically tested. Analysis of differences between age and selected factors was used. The analysis showed statistically significant differences between members of generation X, Y and Z in all investigated factors.

How to deliver an effective primary survey report for the trauma CT: A radiological and surgical perspective

Whole body contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (WB-CE MDCT) is integral to the assessment of the severely injured patient with stable haemodynamic parameters or in those who respond to resuscitation with blood products. WB-CE MDCT is able to identify the number and severity of injuries sustained by the patient and enable time critical intervention. In this narrative review article we discuss how communication within the trauma team, including the radiologists and appropriate clinicians is crucial in optimizing the effectiveness of WB-CE MDCT. We review the time critical imaging findings and their clinical relevance, which should be included in a succinct CT primary survey report. We also discuss the process through which the effectiveness of the trauma report may be maximised and how non technical factors including teamwork may be optimised to facilitate decision making in this high pressure environment.