scholarly journals The Global Burden of Sexually Transmitted Infections Estimated from 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Dongyu Chen ◽  
Hongxin Wang ◽  
Wenlong Fan ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Abstract Background:To explore the burden of sexually transmitted infections at national, regional, and global levels from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study database. Methods: The number of cases and age-standardized rate of prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years were used for a descriptive study of sexually transmitted infections burden from 1990 to 2019, and secular trends were assessed by counting the estimated annual percentage change. Finding:The global prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in 2019 was 128.82 million. There were 58.15% new cases than in 1990. The disability-adjusted life year burden of sexually transmitted infections was lower among males than females and peaks among under 5 and 15- to 44-year-olds. In 2019, the global disability-adjusted life year loss was mostly attributed to years of life lost (88.23%), the higher the social development index developed, the more the number of years lived with disability contributed. In 21 regions, the age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life year (per 100, 000 population) showed that the Caribbean remained on top. At a national level, a decreasing trend of the estimated annual percentage change of disability-adjusted life year rate had been observed. Syphilis was proved as a leading cause of heavy disease burden, which carried almost 85.9% of it. The age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life year were in positive correlation with the human development index in 2019 and had a negative correlation with the estimated annual percentage change in 1990. Conclusion: A declining trend of sexually transmitted infections was observed globally; prevention of syphilis remained a crucial strategy in the course of reducing sexually transmitted infections burden. The findings from this research can help to establish appropriate health policy and reduce the disease burden further.

Global Burden of Sexually Transmitted Infections: 1990 - 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaofeng Huang ◽  
Su Lin ◽  
Jinshui Pan ◽  
Lingling Lu ◽  
Bang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problems worldwide. Understanding the disease burden are crucial for health policy making. This study was to assess global and regional STIs incidence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019.Methods­­­­Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, which is an open database for download. Age-standardized rate and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the burden of STIs over time.ResultsIn 2019, the total number of incident cases of STIs was 769.85 million worldwide. The age-standardized incidence rate was stable from 1990 to 2019 with the EAPC of −0.04 (95% UI: −0.09 to 0.01). In 2019, the number of deaths caused by STIs was 89.89×103, which was 15.51% lower than that of 1990 (106.52×103). A decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019 was observed in the age-standardized death and DALYs. The age-standardized death and DALYs rate due to STIs were the highest in the younger age (<14 years old). As for different diseases, syphilis was the least common STIs with an age-standardized incidence rate of 178.48/100,000, while syphilis was also the main contributor to the age-standardized death and DALYs rate. These two indicators were negatively associated with sociodemographic level.ConclusionsThe global incidence of STIs has been persistently high from 1990 to 2019, while the age-standardized death and DALYs rate has decreased recently. More attention should be paid to the younger population, patients with syphilis and regions with low sociodemographic index.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Major Sexually Transmitted Infections in China , 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chunxia ◽  
Ai Zisheng
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Morbidity Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background：The aim of our study was to analyze the trend changes and region distribution changes of three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China and provided a scientific basis for the government to make prevention and control measures.Methods：This study used Joinpoint regression model to fit the morbidity data of three STIs in China from 1999 to 2018. Annual percentage change (APC) and Average annual percentage Change (AAPC) were calculated to evaluate the trend changes of three STIs. We also used hierarchical clustering analysis to analyze the region distribution of three STIs in China from 2003-2018.Results ：We analyzed the morbidity data of three STIs in 1999-2018 derived from China Health Statistics Yearbook. The final model of AIDS was the 3 Joinpoint model (P = 0.01) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of 33.7 (95% CI: 26.1-41.8, P < 0.001). The final model of gonorrhea was the 1 Joinpoint model (P= 0.0025) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of -4.9 (95% CI: -6.2- -3.6, P < 0.001). The final model of gonorrhea was the 1 Joinpoint model (P < 0.05) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of 9.1 (95% CI:6.9-11.4, P < 0.001). The region distribution of the morbidity of three STIs mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas and Xinjiang, other areas showed low epidemic levels.Conclusions: In a word, the morbidity of three STIs in China is still increasing slowly, the form of prevention and control for STIs is still very severe, especially in coastal provinces and Xinjiang. Therefore, it is necessary to actively popularize knowledge related to STIDs, and carry out large-scale peer education, further reduce epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Disease Burden of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease with the Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017 in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Gao ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Kang Xiao ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Human Prion Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Background Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD) is the commonest type of human prion disease and cause 100% fatality. The morbidity of sCJD is about 1 to 2 cases/million/year worldwide.Methods The disease burden of sCJD and the indirect economic burdens in China were evaluated based on the data of Chinese National CJD Surveillance from 2013 to 2017. Results The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) of sCJD was measured with 753 probable sCJD patients. The total DALY of 753 sCJD cases in the past five surveillance years was 16202.62 person-years. The Years of Life Lost (YLL) was the predominant component for DALY reaching to more than 95%, while the Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) accounted for less than 5% only. The highest DALY was noticed in the group of 45-50 year-old (6541.49), followed by the groups of 60-69 year-old (6311.25). Furthermore, the indirect economic burdens of 753 sCJD patients were estimated with the official capital data. Total indirect economic burden for five years was 372.08 million RMB (1US $=6.9 RMB), with the average of 494,133 RMB per case. The patients aged 45-59 year-old were the predominant population that accounted for approximate 73% of total indirect economic burden. Although still lacking of the exact annual incidence of sCJD in China, the DALY intensity of sCJD in China could be estimated and predicted as 2.2 to 4.4 person-years /100,000 with the global morbidity of sCJD. Conclusion This is the first disease burden assay for sCJD in China, which will supply fundamental evidence for further development of medical strategy.

scholarly journals Decomposition of years of life lost due to premature death (YLL): a method for spatial and temporal comparative assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitya Saxena ◽  
Deepak Sethia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Abstract Background Acceptance of Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) as a measure of health summary and progression has increased over the years, which in turn has instigated comparative analysis studies of DALY across time and geography. Thus, it is important to explore methodological underpinnings of comparative analysis. Results A crude comparison of disease burden across time or space may mislead the interpretation of the health system’s performance because the quantum and pattern of DALY can be influenced by the age structure of the society. A significant proportion of this burden is due to the Years of Life Lost (YLL) component. The paper proposes a mathematical exposition to decompose the change in YLL over time or region into burden attributed to a) population age structure, b) death rate, and c) age at death gradient. Conclusion We reasoned that the death rate and age at death burden gradient signify the real contribution of the health systems. Hence, the method of decomposition can be utilized to measure the health service progression of a region in real terms.

scholarly journals The Devils in the DALY: Prevailing Evaluative Assumptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Carl Tollef Solberg ◽  
Preben Sørheim ◽  
Karl Erik Müller ◽  
Espen Gamlund ◽  
Ole Frithjof Norheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Abstract In recent years, it has become commonplace among the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study authors to regard the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) primarily as a descriptive health metric. During the first phase of the GBD (1990–1996), it was widely acknowledged that the DALY had built-in evaluative assumptions. However, from the publication of the 2010 GBD and onwards, two central evaluative practices—time discounting and age-weighting—have been omitted from the DALY model. After this substantial revision, the emerging view now appears to be that the DALY is primarily a descriptive measure. Our aim in this article is to argue that the DALY, despite changes, remains largely evaluative. Our analysis focuses on the understanding of the DALY by comparing the DALY as a measure of disease burden in the two most significant phases of GBD publications, from their beginning (1990–1996) to the most recent releases (2010–2017). We identify numerous assumptions underlying the DALY and group them as descriptive or evaluative. We conclude that while the DALY model arguably has become more descriptive, it remains, by necessity, largely evaluative.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the disease burden of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with the surveillance data from 2013 to 2017 in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Gao ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Kang Xiao ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Human Prion Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Background Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD) is the commonest type of human prion disease and cause 100% fatality. The morbidity of sCJD is about 1 to 2 cases/million/year worldwide.Methods In this study, the disease burden of sCJD in China was evaluated based on the data of Chinese National CJD Surveillance from 2013 to 2017.Results The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) of sCJD was measured with 753 probable sCJD patients. The total DALY of 753 sCJD cases in the past five surveillance years was 16202.62 person-years. The Years of Life Lost (YLL) was the predominant component for DALY reaching to more than 95%, while the Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) accounted for less than 5% only. The highest DALY was noticed in the group of 45-50 year-old (6541.49), followed by the groups of 60-69 year-old (6311.25). Furthermore, the indirect economic burdens of 753 sCJD patients were estimated with the official capital data. Total indirect economic burden for five years was 372.08 million RMB (1US $=6.9 RMB), with the average of 494,133 RMB per case. The patients aged 45-59 years old were the predominant population that accounted for approximate 73% of total indirect economic burden. Although still lacking the exact annual incidence of sCJD in China, the DALY intensity of sCJD in China could be estimated and predicted as 2.2 to 4.4 person-years /100,000 with the global morbidity of sCJD.Conclusion This is the first disease burden assay for sCJD in China, which will supply fundamental evidence for further development of medical strategy.

scholarly journals Risk of sexually transmitted Zika virus in a cohort of economically disadvantaged urban residents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P Aguilar Ticona ◽  
Huma Baig ◽  
Nivison Nery Jr. ◽  
Simon Doss-Gollin ◽  
Gielson A Sacramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract In order to understand the disease burden of sexually transmitted Zika virus (ZIKV), we prospectively followed a cohort of 359 adult and adolescent residents of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil through the 2015 ZIKV epidemic. Later, in 2017, we used a retrospective survey to associate sexual behavior during the epidemic with ZIKV infection as defined by IgG3-NS1 ELISA. We found that males who engaged in casual sexual encounters during the epidemic were more likely (ORa=6.2; 95%CI 1.2–64.1) to be ZIKV positive, suggesting that specific groups may be at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Major Sexually Transmitted Infections in China, 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chunxia ◽  
Ai Zisheng
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are mainly transmitted by sexual contact or similar sexual contact, which can cause diseases of genitourinary organs ,accessory lymphatic system and major organs of the whole body. STIs include clinically symptomatic diseases and asymptomatic infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide.By analyzing the temporal trend of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in China in the past 20 years, we can provide a scientific basis for the further development of prevention and control measures related to sexually transmitted infections. Methods Joinpoint regression model is used to fit the incidence data of three sexually transmitted diseases in China from 1999 to 2018. Annual percentage change (APC) and Average annual percentage Change (AAPC) are calculated to evaluate the temporal trend changes of the incidence of three major sexually transmitted diseases. Results The overall incidence of AIDS/HIV has been on the rise for 20 years, rising by an average of 33.7% per year (P < 0.05). The most obvious increase is in 2002–2005, an average annual increase of 102.5%. The overall incidence of gonorrhea is on a downward trend, decreasing by 4.9% per year on average (P < 0.05).However, its incidence shows a slow rising trend from 2012 to 2018, with an average annual increase of 6.0%. The overall incidence of syphilis is also on the rise, increasing by an average of 9.1% per year (P < 0.05). Except 1999–2003, the incidence of syphilis shows a downward trend, and the other time stages shows a significant upward trend. Conclusions In the past 20 years, the corresponding measures have been taken in China for sexually transmitted infections and achieved remarkable results, but the three major sexually transmitted infections are still in the forefront of the reported notifiable infectious diseases incidence in China. At the same time, all sexually transmitted infections are beginning to shift from high-risk population to the general population, especially adolescents and the floating population.Therefore, China should still pay more attention to the prevention and control of STIs to hold back their further spread or epidemic.

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