scholarly journals Albinism in F1 Hybrids Hinders Geneflow Between Cultivated Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and the Tertiary Gene Pool Species, Cicer Pinnatifidum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
Shivaji Ajinath Lavale ◽  
Benjamin Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Albino Phenotype ◽  
Tertiary Gene Pool ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Abstract Wild Cicer species, especially those in the tertiary gene pool, carry useful alleles for chickpea improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the crossability and geneflow between three chickpea cultivars (as female parents) and four cross-incompatible Cicer pinnatifidum accessions (as pollen parents) from the tertiary gene pool. Ten crosses were conducted. One fully developed healthy F1 seed was harvested in vivo from the ICC 4958 × ICC 17269 cross, but the seedling developed an albino phenotype at 4–5 days after germination. Unlike other crosses, those involving the cultivar ICCV 96030 generated a large number of pods with comparatively large ovules. One albino plantlet was obtained from the ICCV 96030 × ICC 17269 cross by embryo rescue. Crosses involving ICCV 10 resulted in flower drop and poor pod set. These variable genotype-specific responses of pod, ovule, and seed development indicate that genetic factors affect the formation of interspecific hybrids. Although pod and seed formation in these interspecific crosses can be improved, geneflow between these materials is hindered by a strong genetic factor conferring albinism in the F1 hybrids.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic characteristics in species and interspecific hybrids of tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
André R Zeist ◽  
Juliano TV Resende ◽  
Marcos V Faria ◽  
André Gabriel ◽  
Elisa Adriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species

ABSTRACT Gas exchanges in species and interspecific hybrids of tomato in different environments may contribute to the development and selection of genotypes with a higher tolerance to adverse cultivation conditions. This study aimed to assess the photosynthetic characteristics of wild tomato species and the cultivar Redenção, as well as the respective F1 hybrids of interspecific crosses cultivated under two environments. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and the assessment of six wild accessions, one cultivar, and the respective interspecific hybrids under two environments. At 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days after transplanting (DAT), gas exchange characteristics were assessed by means of a portable photosynthesis measurement system. The stomatal density of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of first-order leaflets was estimated under a protected cultivation at 56 DAT. We observed a higher influence of wild tomato species and interspecific hybrids on the assessed characteristics when compared to the cultivation environments. The accession ‘LA-716’ and the hybrid ‘Redenção’ × ‘LA-716’ presented the highest water use efficiency and the accessions ‘PI-127826’ and ‘PI-134417’ and the interspecific hybrids ‘Redenção’ × ‘PI-127826’ and ‘Redenção’ × ‘PI-134417’ presented the highest values of CO2 assimilation, transpiration, instantaneous in vivo carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco, and number of stomata on the abaxial leaflet surface. Thus, the descendants of Solanum habrochaites are an interesting alternative to breeding programs that aim to make advances in obtaining strains that exhibit improvement in their photosynthetic characteristics.

scholarly journals Polyploidization Facilitates BiotechnologicalIn VitroTechniques in the GenusCucumis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dagmar Skálová ◽  
Vladan Ondřej ◽  
Ivana Doležalová ◽  
Božena Navrátilová ◽  
Aleš Lebeda
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Mesophyll Protoplast ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Barriers ◽  
Hybrid Character ◽  
Positive Effect

Prezygotic interspecific crossability barrier in the genusCucumisis related to the ploidy level of the species (cucumber (C. sativus), ; muskmelon (C. melo) and wildCucumisspecies, ). Polyploidization of maternal plants helps hybridization among otherCucumisspecies by overcoming prezygotic genetic barriers. The main objective of this paper is to compare the results of several methods supporting interspecific crosses in cucumber without and with polyploidization (comparison between diploid (2x) and mixoploid (2x/4x) cucumber maternal plants). Mixoploid plants were obtained afterin vivoandin vitropolyploidization by colchicine and oryzalin. Ploidy level was estimated by flow cytometry. Embryo rescue,in vitropollination, and isolation of mesophyll protoplast were tested and compared. Positive effect of polyploidization was observed during all experiments presented by higher regeneration capacity of cultivated mixoploid cucumber embryos, ovules, and protoplasts. Nevertheless, the hybrid character of putative hybrid accessions obtained after crossin vivoandin vitropollination was not confirmed.

Changes in the fatty acids in seeds of interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and Brassica juncea

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. M. Iqbal ◽  
S. R. Weerakoon ◽  
H. D. N. Geethanjalie ◽  
P. K. D. Peiris ◽  
O. V. D. S. J. Weerasena
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Parental Values ◽  
Canola Quality

Mustard (Brassica juncea) accessions from Sri Lanka have a fatty acid profile (FAP) dominated by the undesired erucic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to develop B. juncea lines with canola-quality FAP, carrying reduced erucic acid (<1%) and increased oleic acid (>50%). To improve the FAP, B. juncea accessions were hybridised with spring-type canola (B. napus) varieties grown in Australia. Interspecific crosses between three B. napus cultivars (♂) and B. juncea accessions (♀) gave crossability of 50–65%. Embryo culturing on Lichter medium overcame post-germination barriers to obtain F1 plants. Culturing of ovules 21 days after pollination was successful and embryos were independent of hormones in the culture medium and directly developed into plants. Seeds of interspecific hybrids had a FAP different from parental values, particularly for oleic and erucic acids. The low oleic acid (13%) in B. juncea increased to 23–26% in hybrids and high erucic acid in B. juncea (41%) declined to 21–23% in hybrids. Linoleic and linolenic acids showed little variation from parental values. FAP of F1 hybrids shifted towards that of canola quality. The F2 seeds had zero erucic acid and high oleic acid similar to or exceeding the canola parent. Successful interspecific hybridisation of B. juncea and B. napus was confirmed by altered FAP and molecular markers. Embryo rescue in interspecific hybrids of B. juncea and B. napus is a simple, powerful biotechnological tool to increase genetic diversity and transcend species barriers to transfer desired genes, between the species. By implementing a crossing strategy, there is a potential to improve the FAP of Sri Lankan mustard towards the canola type.

One-way crossing barriers in some interspecific crosses of Aigeiros and Tacamahaca poplars

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Zsuffa ◽  
Dolly Lin ◽  
Peggy Payne
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Crossing Barriers ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
New Evidence

New evidence is described on one way crossing barriers between Aigeiros and Tacamahaca species, gained in experimental full-sib crosses. The technique of crosses and embryo rescue are described. In some crosses of questionable result, the embryo rescue was successful. The possible genetic mechanisms underlying the crossing barriers are discussed. Key words: Populus, hydridization, embryo rescue, crossing barriers

scholarly journals Embryo rescue from interspecific crosses in apple rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cibele de Mesquita Dantas ◽  
José Itamar Boneti ◽  
Rubens Onofre Nodari ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Hand Pollination

The objetive of this work was to rescue immature embryos of apple rootstocks Malus prunifolia (Marubakaido) and Malus pumila (M9) after 40-60 days of pollination and to put them into MS culture media supplemented with agar (6 g L-1) and casein hydrolysate (500 mg L-1). Embryos originated from interspecific crosses and open pollination showed differences in the in vitro responses, depending on the female parent, the developmental stage of the embryo, and the culture medium composition. Embryos of the M. pumila rootstock, rescued within 40 days after pollination and put in culture medium supplemented with indolacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin and maltose, resulted in a normal development of plantlets. However, embryos originating from hand-pollination, cultivated in medium supplemented with 14 µM IAA, 5 µM kinetin and 1.5 µM Ga3 (MS1), mainly those of M. prunifolia x M. pumila, showed a high percentage of rusted embryos (96.2%). Embryos from open pollination of M. prunifolia and M. pumila formed calluses. It was possible to identify the influence of the female parent by the enhanced development of M. pumila shoots derived from open or hand-pollination. The crossing of responsive species and the use of the technique of embryo culture provided a rapid and uniform germination and, consequently, the development of fully normal seedlings.

Overcoming crossing barriers between nontuber-bearing and tuber-bearing Solanum species: towards potato germplasm enhancement with a broad spectrum of solanaceous genetic resources

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Watanabe ◽  
M. Orrillo ◽  
S. Vega ◽  
J. P. T. Valkonen ◽  
E. Pehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Potato Germplasm

The first direct sexual hybrids between diploid nontuber-bearing species and diploid potato breeding lines are reported here. Three nontuberous species of Solanum, S. brevidens, S. etuberosum, and S. fernandezianum, were used for sexual crosses, achieved by a combination of rescue pollinations and embryo rescue. Initial hybrid selection was made using an embryo spot marker, followed by the evaluation of morphological and reproductive traits. Putative hybrids were first tested for resistance to potato leaf roll virus derived from the wild species, and then were tested with molecular markers using species-specific DNA probes. Finally, the tuberization of several 2x hybrids was tested for actual potato germplasm enhancement. These hybrids are unique in terms of their potential to enhance recombination between chromosomes of wild species and those of cultivated potatoes in germplasm utilization, and to exploit the genetic nature of tuber formation. The finding that nontuber-bearing Solanum spp. can be directly crossed with tuber-bearing species also has important implications for the regulatory aspects of the use of genetically modified organisms.Key words: nontuber-bearing Solanum, potato germplasm enhancement, interspecific crosses, chromosome manipulation, inter-EBN crosses, diploid.

scholarly journals Early Interactions of Murine Macrophages with Francisella tularensis Map to Mouse Chromosome 19

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Fink ◽  
Musa A. Hassan ◽  
Nihal A. Okan ◽  
Michal Sheffer ◽  
Ana Camejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Chromosome 19 ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Early Stages

ABSTRACT Differences among individuals in susceptibility to infectious diseases can be modulated by host genetics. Much of the research in this field has aimed to identify loci within the host genome that are associated with these differences. In mice, A/J (AJ) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice show differential susceptibilities to various pathogens, including the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis . Because macrophages are the main initial target during F. tularensis infection, we explored early interactions of macrophages from these two mouse strains with F. tularensis as well as the genetic factors underlying these interactions. Our results indicate that bacterial interactions with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) during early stages of infection are different in the AJ and B6 strains. During these early stages, bacteria are more numerous in B6 than in AJ macrophages and display differences in trafficking and early transcriptional response within these macrophages. To determine the genetic basis for these differences, we infected BMDMs isolated from recombinant inbred (RI) mice derived from reciprocal crosses between AJ and B6, and we followed early bacterial counts within these macrophages. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed a locus on chromosome 19 that is associated with early differences in bacterial counts in AJ versus B6 macrophages. QTL analysis of published data that measured the differential susceptibilities of the same RI mice to an in vivo challenge with F. tularensis confirmed the F. tularensis susceptibility QTL on chromosome 19. Overall, our results show that early interactions of macrophages with F. tularensis are dependent on the macrophage genetic background. IMPORTANCE Francisella tularensis is a highly pathogenic bacterium with a very low infectious dose in humans. Some mechanisms of bacterial virulence have been elucidated, but the host genetic factors that contribute to host resistance or susceptibility are largely unknown. In this work, we have undertaken a genetic approach to assess what these factors are in mice. Analyzing early interactions of macrophages with the bacteria as well as data on overall susceptibility to infection revealed a locus on chromosome 19 that is associated with both phenotypes. In addition, our work revealed differences in the early macrophage response between macrophages with different genetic backgrounds. Overall, this work suggests some intriguing links between in vitro and in vivo infection models and should aid in further elucidating the genetic circuits behind the host response to Francisella tularensis infection.

Embryo rescue from interspecific crosses in the genus Actinidia (kiwifruit)

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Hirsch ◽  
R. Testolin ◽  
S. Brown ◽  
J. Chat ◽  
D. Fortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Interspecific Crosses

Lithium Accumulation in Erythrocytes of Manic-Depressive Patients: An in vivo Twin Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz ◽  
Paul Verbanck ◽  
Paul Linkowski ◽  
Jean Wilmotte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Discordant Twins

SummaryGenetic factors play an important role in drug metabolism and drug response. In order to investigate genetic variables in lithium prophylaxis and lithium distribution across the erythrocyte in manic-depression, we have examined forty-two pairs of twins monozygotic (n = 25) and dizygotic (n = 17) with manic-depression. Concordant twins as a group show better lithium prophylaxis than do discordant twins. These results are consistent with previously published family studies of affective illness suggesting a positive relationship between genetic background and success of lithium prophylaxis.Lithium distribution across the red blood cell (RBC) was assessed by estimating lithium RBC/plasma ratios. The lithium ratio's intrapair differences in both groups of twins were minimal with a high heritability index suggesting that genetic factors play a role in lithium ion distribution. A high linear correlation was found between lithium ratio and plasma lithium and there was no difference in lithium ratios according to sex, affective state and response to lithium. The distribution of lithium ratios was homogenous in the lithium responders' population but this was not the case in the non-responders, suggesting biological heterogeneity of lithium distribution in lithium failures. The implications of these results are discussed as they relate to the genetic determinates of lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive illness.These results indicate that lithium ratios are of limited value in lithium maintenance therapy. Our lithium kinetic data, however, are consistent with the concept of a lithium extrusion mechanism from red blood cells.

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