scholarly journals Estimation of economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala state, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny John ◽  
Narassima MS ◽  
Jaideep C Menon ◽  
Guru Rajesh Jammy
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the global economy and stressed the health care systems worldwide. Measuring the burden of disease on health and economy is essential for system preparedness by way of allocation of funds and human resources.Methods: The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL) and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. The impact of disease on various age-gender cohorts has been analyzed. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables with a total of 21 scenarios. Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among older sub-group of patients, and male were more susceptible than female in most of the age groups. DALY for the baseline scenario was 15,924.24 and 8,669.32 for males and females respectively. The CPL due to premature mortality was 26,80,36,179 and 42,510,946 for males and females respectively. Conclusion: People aged more than 50 were disproportionately affected by the disease, with presence of comorbidities further raising vulnerability.

scholarly journals Estimation of economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala state, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny John ◽  
Narassima MS ◽  
Jaideep C Menon ◽  
Guru Rajesh Jammy
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the global economy and stressed the health care systems worldwide. Measuring the burden of disease on health and economy is essential for system preparedness by way of allocation of funds and human resources.Methods: The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL) and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. The impact of disease on various age-gender cohorts has been analyzed. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables with a total of 21 scenarios. Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among older sub-group of patients, and male were more susceptible than female in most of the age groups. DALY for the baseline scenario was 15,924.24 and 8,669.32 for males and females respectively. The CPL due to premature mortality was 26,80,36,179 and 42,510,946 for males and females respectively. Conclusion: People aged more than 50 were disproportionately affected by the disease, with presence of comorbidities further raising vulnerability.

scholarly journals Estimation of economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala state, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny John ◽  
Narassima MS ◽  
Jaideep C Menon ◽  
Guru Rajesh Jammy ◽  
Amitava Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the global economy and stressed the health care systems worldwide.Methods: The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL) and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, per capita income etc were dervived from various public sources. 5-year age-gender population, working population in each age-gender cohort and corresponding life expectancies were obtained from Census of India 2011. Data on incidence and recovery time were dervied from CODD-K. Details of deaths were extracted from government sources and CODD-K. The impact of disease on various age-gender cohorts has been analyzed. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables with a total of 21 scenarios.Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among older sub-group of patients, and male were more susceptible than female in most of the age groups. DALYs for the baseline scenario was 15,924.24 and 8,669.32 for male and female respectively. Total YPPLL for male and female cohorts were estimated to be 1323.57 and 612.31 respectively. People of 40-49 years age constituted 51.34% and 41.76% of the total CPL values (for premature mortality) of males and females respectively.Conclusion: Most of the disease burden from COVID-19 was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL was reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was relatively lesser among the productive age groups. CPL values for people aged from 40-49 years were the highest. These estimates put emphasis that the decision-makers should focus and make efforts on reducing the economic burden for the longer impact of COVID-19 in Kerala state.

scholarly journals Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny John ◽  
Narassima MS ◽  
Jaideep C Menon ◽  
Guru Rajesh Jammy ◽  
Amitava Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed the health care systems worldwide. The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL), and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Setting: Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and CODD-K for Kerala. The working proportion for 5-year age-gender cohorts and corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the Census of India 2011. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The impact of disease on various age-gender cohorts have been analyzed. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. In addition, the estimates have been updated till June 10, 2021. Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with males being more susceptible than females in most sub-groups. The DALYs for males and females were 15954.5 and 8638.4 till November 15, 2020, and 83853.0 and 56628.3 till June 10, 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 till November 15, 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 till June 10, 2021. CPL (premature mortality) for males and females were 263780579.94 and 41836001.82 till November 15, 2020, and 1419557903.76 and 278275495.29 till June 10, 2021. Conclusions: Most of the COVID-19 disease burden was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was relatively lesser among productive cohorts. CPL values for 40-49 year-olds were the highest. . These estimates provide the figures and data necessary to policymakers to work on, in order to reduce the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.

scholarly journals Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala, India: A model based analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny John ◽  
M.S. Narassima ◽  
Jaideep C Menon ◽  
Guru Rajesh Jammy ◽  
Amitava Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Abstract Objectives: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed the healthcare systems worldwide. The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL), and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Setting: Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and CODD-K for Kerala. The working proportion for 5-year age-gender cohorts and corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the Census of India 2011. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The impact of disease was computed through model based analysis on various age-gender cohorts. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. We present two estimates, one till November 15, 2020, and later updated till June 10, 2021. Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with males being more susceptible than females in most sub-groups. The DALYs for males and females were 15954.5 and 8638.4 till November 15, 2020, and 83853.0 and 56628.3 till June 10, 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 till November 15, 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 till June 10, 2021 and CPL (premature mortality) were 263780579.94 and 41836001.82 till November 15, 2020, and 1419557903.76 and 278275495.29 till June 10, 2021. Conclusions: Most of the COVID-19 disease burden was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was lesser among productive cohorts. CPL values for 40-49 year-olds were the highest. These estimates provide the data necessary for policymakers to work on, to reduce the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.Article summaryStrengths and limitations of this study- The first study to characterize the economic burden caused by COVID-19 in Kerala state using DALYs, YPPLL, and CPL- Use of public sourced data for analysis and presentation of results- Exclusion of incidence of case post August 20, 2020, due to unavailability of data could lead to an underestimation of DALYs- Psychological impacts of the mitigation strategies (e.g., lockdown, travel restrictions, etc.) that could increase mortality were not included in the scope- Unpaid work and presenteeism data, and data on post-recovery illness and long-term effects of COVID-19 have not been considered.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K Mohanty ◽  
Manisha Dubey ◽  
Udaya S Mishra ◽  
Umakanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
United Nation

AbstractIn a short span of four months, the COVID-19 pandemic has added over 0.4 million deaths worldwide, which are untimely, premature and unwarranted. The USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden are four worst affected countries, accounting to over 40% of COVID-19 deaths globally. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of COVID-19 attributable deaths on longevity, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and disability adjusted life years (DALY) in USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden. Data from United Nation Population Projection, Statista and centre for disease control and prevention were used in the analyses. Life expectancy, YPLL and DALY were estimated under four scenarios; no COVID-19 deaths, actual number of COVID-19 death as of 22nd May, 2020 and anticipating COVID-19 death share of 6% and 10% respectively. The COVID-19 attributable deaths have lowered the life expectancy by 0.4 years each in USA and Sweden, 0.5 years in Italy and 0.1 years in Germany. The loss of YPLL was 1.5, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.5 million in USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden respectively. The DALY (per 1000 population) due to COVID-19 was 4 in USA, 6 in Italy, 1 each in Germany and Sweden. Compression in life expectancy and increase in YPLL and DALY may intensify further if death continues to soar. COVID-19 has a marked impact on mortality. Reduction in longevity premature mortality and loss of DALY is higher among elderly.

Burden of Epilepsy in Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Méndez-Ayala ◽  
Daniel Nariño ◽  
Diego Rosselli
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Background: Epilepsy lays an important burden on healthcare systems and society in general. Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) have been developed to compare the burden of this disease both between conditions and between geographical boundaries. With improving data on disease incidence and prevalence in Colombia, we can refine our DALYs-based estimates. Methods: Using different strategies, including the official healthcare provision database and death certificates, as well as extrapolation from published neuroepidemiologic studies, we estimated the incidence and prevalence by age groups, disease duration and attributable mortality. With this information we calculated DALYs for the year 2012. Results: Overall, it was found that epilepsy was responsible for 0.88% of all deaths in Colombia. A total of 5.25 DALYs per 1,000 person-years are lost due to epilepsy in Colombia, 75% of which (3.91 DALYs) are due to premature mortality, with a higher burden in men (6.12 DALYs) than in women (4.41 DALYs). Conclusions: We reported new estimations on epilepsy incidence and prevalence by age groups in Colombia and conclude that DALYs lost due to epilepsy in Colombia are almost double the previous figure, mostly because of the underestimation of attributable mortality. With this figure, epilepsy ranks 12th instead of 19th in the list of the most important causes of DALYs lost.

scholarly journals Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and productivity losses in Kerala, India: a model-based analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049619
Author(s):  
Denny John ◽  
M S Narassima ◽  
Jaideep Menon ◽  
Jammy Guru Rajesh ◽  
Amitava Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Based Analysis

ObjectivesFrom the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research globally have centred on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. The present study estimates disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of potential productive life lost (YPPLL) and cost of productivity lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism secondary to COVID-19 in the state of Kerala, India.SettingDetails on sociodemographics, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and the Collective for Open Data Distribution-Keralam. The working proportion for 5-year age–gender cohorts and the corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the 2011 Census of India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe impact of the disease was computed through model-based analysis on various age–gender cohorts. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. We present two estimates, one until 15 November 2020 and later updated to 10 June 2021.ResultsSeverity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with men being more susceptible than women in most subgroups. DALYs for males and females were 15 954.5 and 8638.4 until 15 November 2020, and 83 853.0 and 56 628.3 until 10 June 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 until 15 November 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 until 10 June 2021, and the CPL (premature mortality) were 263 780 579.94 and 41 836 001.82 until 15 November 2020, and 1 419 557 903.76 and 278 275 495.29 until 10 June 2021.ConclusionsMost of the COVID-19 burden was contributed by years of life lost. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was lesser among the productive cohorts. The CPL values for individuals aged 40–49 years old were the highest. These estimates provide the data necessary for policymakers to work on reducing the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.

Assessing antiretroviral therapy success in HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality trends in Brazil, 1990–2017: an interrupted time series study

2020 ◽  
pp. 095646242095298
Author(s):  
Augusto Cesar Lara de Sousa ◽  
Tatiana de Araujo Eleuterio ◽  
José Victor Afonso Coutinho ◽  
Raphael Mendonça Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

To describe the trends of HIV/AIDS metrics related to the burden of disease for Brazil between 1990 and 2017 we conducted a timeseries analysis for HIV/AIDS indicators by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated traditional prevalence, incidence and mortality rates, the number of years lost by HIV-related deaths (YLL) and disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). We estimated time series models and assessed the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the same indicators. In the set of disability-adjusted life years (DALY), the highest weight of its magnitude was due to YLL. There was a decline, especially after 1996, of DALY, mortality and YLL for HIV/AIDS. However, YLD, incidence, and prevalence increased over the same period. Also, the analysis of interrupted time series showed that the introduction of HAART into health policy had a significant impact on indicators, especially for DALY and YLL. We need to assess the quality of life of people living with HIV, especially among older adults. In addition, we need to focus on primary prevention, emphasizing methods to avoid infection and public policies should reflect this.

scholarly journals Disability-adjusted Life Years for respiratory syncytial virus in children under 2 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jefferson buendia ◽  
Fernando Polack ◽  
Juana Patricia Sanchez Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Statistical Parameter ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus infection is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in Colombia. There is growing evidence about the impact of Respiratory syncytial virus on society in terms of years of life lost due to this condition. The objective of the present study is to determine the Disability-Adjusted Life Years for respiratory syncytial virus in children under 2 years in ColombiaMETHODS: Data from the national epidemiological surveillance system were used to estimate DALYs, calculated from the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability due to RSV infection in Colombia. A bootstrapped method with 10000 iterations was used to estimate each statistical parameter using the package DALY calculator in R. RESULTS: In 2019, 260 873 years of life (CI95% 208 180- 347 023) were lost due to RSV bronchiolitis in Colombian children under 2 years. The estimated rate was 20 DALYs / 1000 person-year (95% CI 16 – 27).CONCLUSION: This is the first report estimating the impact of RSV bronchiolitis morbidity and mortality in Colombia. The findings of the present study suggest that the actual burden and cost of bronchiolitis due to RSV is high. Prevention strategies, such as RSV vaccination, to reduce morbidity associated with RSV infection should be encouraged in our country.

Abstract P116: The Impact of Diet Low in Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Disease Burden Across 195 Countries in 2015

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Sur ◽  
Ashkan Afshin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: While cardio-protective effects of fruits and vegetables are well-established, the impact of their suboptimal intake on the CVD burden across nations and levels of development has not been evaluated. Objective: To systematically quantify the burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and low intake of vegetables in 195 countries by age, sex, country, and development status in 2015. Methods: We obtained data on consumption of fruits and vegetables from nationally or subnationally representative nutrition surveys and data on their national availability from the UN FAO. Etiologic effect sizes of fruits and vegetables on CVD endpoints were obtained from meta- analyses of prospective cohort studies. The optimal level of intakes for each was determined based on the levels associated with lowest risk of mortality in prospective observational studies. A comparative risk assessment analysis was conducted to quantify the proportion of disability- adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to low intake of each. The variation of this burden was further evaluated across different levels of our newly developed socio-demographic index (SDI). Results: In 2015, low intake of fruits accounted for 57.3 (95% UI: 37.1- 78.4) million DALYs due to CVD globally (41.5% from IHD and 58.5% from stroke). Low intake of vegetable caused 44.6 (23.6- 68.8) million CVD DALYs (67.3% IHD and 32.7% stroke). The highest burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and vegetables was seen in the middle and low-middle SDI quintiles (17.2 and 14.3% of total DALYs), while the lowest burden for each was seen in high and high-middle SDI quintiles (12.7 and 11.2%). At the country level, the attributable CVD burden ranged from 5.1% of total DALYs (Rwanda) to 23.2% (Bangladesh) for low intake of fruit and from 5.9% (North Korea) to 19.4% (Mongolia) for low intake of vegetable. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that population inventions to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables at population level could save millions of life years globally. Figure. Age-standardized proportion of disability-adjusted life years attributable to low intake of fruits (A) and vegetables (B) from cardiovascular disease among adults (> 25y) in 2015.

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