Toxicity of The Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacterium Microcystis Aeruginosa To Litopenaeus Vannamei

Abstract Microcystis aeruginosa is a common kind of harmful bloom algae, which was also frequently found as a dominant microalgae specie in shrimp breeding ponds. And it was found that blooms always induced massive death of shrimp, but the toxic effects of M. aeruginosa on Litopenaeus vannamei are still not completely understood. In this paper, the toxicity of M. aeruginosa cells to L. vannamei was examined, and the toxic components in the cells were analyzed through high-pressure liquid chromatography (HLPC). In addition, the immune response of shrimp to the microalgal extract was assessed by measuring the activity of immune-related enzymes, as well as the transcription of the relevant genes. Overall, both M. aeruginosa cells and the algal extract resulted in a 100% mortality rate in shrimp, whereas the cell-free culture medium was ineffective. And HPLC analysis results revealed the presence of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at a concentration of 190.40 mg/kg of cells. In addition, the activity and gene transcription of two immune related enzymes, SOD and LZM, were both significantly reduced in shrimp hepatopancreas (p<0.05) after injection with cell extract. However, reduced glutathione (GSH) content was slightly increased, but the ratio of GSH to GSSG was down, and the transcription of gst gene function as detoxification, was significantly downregulated (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that M. aeruginosa cell extract was highly toxic to L. vannamei, and exerted a negative effect on shrimp immunity including reduction of antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity and detoxification activity, due to microcystin-LR.

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Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR on intestinal histology, immune response, and microbial community in Litopenaeus vannamei

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114774 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 265 ◽

pp. 114774 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yafei Duan ◽

Dalin Xiong ◽

Yun Wang ◽

Hongbiao Dong ◽

Jianhua Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Intestinal Histology

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Physiological and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei undergoing the acute phase of the necrotizing hepatopancreatitis disease and after being treated with oxytetracycline and FF

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research ◽

10.3856/vol44-issue3-fulltext-12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 535-545

Author(s):

Luis R. Martínez-Córdova ◽

Teresa Gollas-Galván ◽

Estefanía Garibay-Valdez ◽

Rocío Valenzuela-Gutiérrez ◽

Marcel Martínez Porchas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Clotting Protein ◽

Immune Related Genes ◽

Shock Proteins

The physiological and immune responses of adult shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) undergoing the acute phase of the necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) disease and the efficiency of oxytetracycline (OXI) and florfenicol (FF) to eliminate the pathogen were evaluated. Four shrimp groups were considered: three groups infected with necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria (NHP-B) (two treated with antibiotics and a positive control) and one group non-infected (negative control). Hemolymph concentration of glucose, lactate, acylglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, aminotransferases, superoxide dismutase, and the transcriptional expression of several immune related genes were monitored at the acute phase of the disease, and at 15 and 20 days after administration of antibiotics (daa). Shrimp from the positive control registered a mortality of 100%. NHP-B infection affected the immu-nophysiological response of shrimp; herein, most of the parameters were significantly up regulated in infected shrimp before the use of antibiotics, compared to the negative control. Increased transcriptional levels of clotting protein, lipopolysaccharide and β-1-3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), serine protease, peroxinectin, lysozyme, heat shock proteins (HSP) 60 and 70 were detected in shrimp treated with OXI. At 20 daa NHP-B was still detected in FF-treated shrimp, but not in OXI-treated shrimp. It is hypothesized that despite none of the antibiotics per se eliminated the bacterium, both had a negative effect on its virulence. OXI seems to have a greater effect, allowing shrimp to integrate a better immune response at 15 daa.

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Effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth, survival, gut microflora, stress, and immune response in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in a recirculating system

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry ◽

10.1080/15321819.2019.1680386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 45-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Mustafa ◽

Alejandro Buentello ◽

Delbert Gatlin ◽

Don Lightner ◽

Michael Hume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Gut Microflora

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Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2231

Author(s):

István Kiss ◽

Krisztina Szigeti ◽

Zalán G. Homonnay ◽

Vivien Tamás ◽

Han Smits ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Vaccine Protection ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Antibody Levels

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

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