Pressure Change Of Fixed Rotational Deformities In The Femur In Human Cadaver Knees-A Biomechanical Study
Abstract Background: Closed intramedullary interlocking nailing is a standard treatment for femoral shaft fractures, but incidences of rotational malalignment after operation is really high. Poor reduction and postoperative malunion lead to many clinical symptoms and long term degenerative arthritis. It has been proved that uneven stress is the mechanical cause of knee joint degeneration, but few studies pay attention to the effect of femur rotational deformity on knee joint contact pressure.This study aim to quantitatively evaluate the relation between residual rotational deformity in femur and contact pressure of knee joint. Methods: Fourteen cadaveric Lower limbs were selected and autopsied, rotatory fixation model with different angles were then made. Connect each model on the biomechanical machine and apply a vertical load to 400N. The contact pressure was quantitatively measured using ultra-low-pressure sensitive film technology. FPD-305E density meter and FPD-306E pressure converter were used to read relative pressure values. Contact pressure on medial and lateral tibial plateau in different femoral rotational deformities were compared. Analysis were done using SPSS software.Results: The medial group show a significant difference on tibial plateau (F=92.114, P<0.01), further test showed statistically significant differences of pairwise comparisons between 0°, 5°, 10°, 15° internal rotation deformity (P<0.05). There is no significant difference in lateral group (ꭓ2=9.967, P<0.01). The medial contact pressure is 0.940±0.177 MPa and the lateral is 1.008±0.219 MPa at neutral position, no statistically significant was found, so is 5° of internal rotational deformity. But the medial contact pressure are all higher than the lateral side at 5°, 10°, 15° of external rotation, and 10°, 15° of internal rotation. Conclusion: Obvious contact pressure changes on tibial plateau were observed in rotatory deformity femur, which is closely related to the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis. Doctors should detect rotational deformity as much as possible during operation and perform anatomical reduction, for patients with residual rotational deformities, indication of osteotomy should not be too broad.