scholarly journals The Effect of Talaromyces Marneffei Infection on CD86 Expression in THP-1 Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Yang ◽  
Lin Shen ◽  
Ri Chen ◽  
Yu Fu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Talaromyces Marneffei

Abstract Background: Talaromyces Marneffei (T.marneffei) is an destructive opportunistic dimorphic fungal which can cause lethiferous Talaromycosis, but the clearance of T.marneffei mainly depends on the innate immune response. Objectives: To investigate the effect of T.marneffei on CD86 expression in THP-1 cells after infection and discuss the potential mechanisms. Methods: Western blot and immunoelectron microscopy were used to detect the CD86 expression on T.marneffei cultured on BHI medium at 37℃. Western blot、enzyme-linked immunoassay and immunofluorescence were used to detect the change of CD86 expression on macrophages incubating with T.marneffei. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect the content of CD86 in supernatant in the co-culture system. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy were used to detect the expression of CD86 on T.marneffei incubating with macrophages. Results: T.marneffei didn’t express CD86 when cultured separately at 37℃ detected by western blot and immunoelectron microscopy, but it did express CD86 when incubated with macrophages detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. The CD86 expression of macrophages significantly decreased at 72 hours when infected with T.marneffei while the content of CD86 in supernatant significantly increased at 72 hours compared with the control group which were detected by western blot, enzyme-linked immunoassay and immunofluorescence. Conclusion: 1.After T.marneffei infection，CD86 expression on THP-1 decreased，and with the progression of infection, insufficient polarization of M1 macrophages gradually appeared；2.T.marneffei may adsorb or uptake CD86 in supernatant produced by macrophages during the contact with THP-1 cells, thus leading to the consumption of CD86 in macrophages.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Treatment of Rabbits With Different Degrees of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Based on Synovial Innate Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmin Ruan ◽  
Qingfu Wang ◽  
Yufeng Ma ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
And Cartilage

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative bone and joint disease, which is often clinically manifested as pain, joint swelling, and deformity. Its pathological manifestations are mainly synovial inflammation and cartilage degeneration. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EA) on model rabbits with varying degrees of KOA and to study the mechanism of EA on KOA based on the innate immune response. Mild and moderate rabbit KOA models were established using a modified Hluth method, and EA was given to both the mild and moderate model groups. The Lequesne-MG index was used to evaluate the behavioral changes in the rabbits before and after EA treatment. Morphological changes in the synovial membrane and cartilage of each group were observed by H&E staining. The Mankin scoring standard and the Krenn scoring standard were used to score the pathology of the cartilage tissue and synovial tissue, respectively. The inflammatory factors and metalloproteinases were detected in the serum of each group by ELISA. The protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of important elements related to Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response in the synovial tissue were detected by Western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The Lequesne-MG index score of the rabbits gradually increased with the modeling prolonged but decreased significantly after EA treatment, indicating that EA has a better effect on alleviating the pain and improving the dysfunction. The morphological analysis showed that the inflammation of and the damage to the synovial membrane and the cartilage tissue gradually deteriorated with the modeling prolonged. However, the synovial membrane inflammation was significantly relieved after EA treatment, and the cartilage injury showed signs of repair. The ELISA analysis showed that, with the modeling prolonged, the serum-related inflammatory factors and mechanism of metalloproteinases gradually increased but decreased after EA treatment. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase3 (MMP3) of EA1 group were significantly lower than those of EA2 group. Both Western blot and qPCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of the elements related to the innate immune response in the synovial membrane increased gradually with the modeling prolonged, but decreased significantly after EA treatment. Additionally, the expression of some components in EA1 group was significantly lower than that in EA2 group. These results confirm that synovial inflammation gradually aggravated with time from the early to mid-stage of KOA. EA alleviated the inflammation and histological changes in KOA rabbits by inhibiting the TLRs-mediated innate synovial immune response. This suggests that using EA in the early stage of KOA may achieve a desirable efficacy.

scholarly journals Altered Relationship between Soluble TREM2 and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults with Down Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Weber ◽  
Katherine Koenig ◽  
Maria Khrestian ◽  
Yvonne Shao ◽  
Elizabeth D. Tuason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) - related neuropathology, characterized by amyloid plaques with amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles with tau accumulation more frequently and at an earlier age than their neurotypical counterparts. Peripheral inflammation and the innate immune response are elevated in DS. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) genetic variants are risk factors for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. A soluble cleavage product of TREM2 (sTREM2) has been described as elevated in AD cerebrospinal fluid and positively correlates with Aβ and cognitive decline. There is relatively little information about TREM2 in DS. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between sTREM2 and inflammatory markers in DS, prior to the development of dementia symptoms. Since TREM2 plays a role in the innate immune response and has been associated with dementia, the hypothesis of this exploratory study was that young adults with DS pre-dementia (n=15, mean age 29.5 years) would exhibit a different relationship between sTREM2 and inflammatory markers in plasma, compared to neurotypical, age-matched controls (n=16, mean age 29.6 years). Indeed, young adults with DS had significantly elevated plasma sTREM2 and inflammatory markers. In addition, in young adults with DS, sTREM2 correlated positively with 24 of the measured cytokines, while there were no significant correlations in the control group. Hierarchical clustering of sTREM2 and cytokine concentrations also differed between the group with DS and controls, supporting the hypothesis that its function is altered in people with DS pre-dementia. This exploratory study provides a basis for future studies investigating the relationship between TREM2 and the broader immune response pre-dementia.

scholarly journals Influência da hipocalcemia sobre o metabolismo energético e resposta imune inata de vacas leiteiras no período de transição

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Alcione Santa Catarina ◽  
◽  
Luana Carolina Bachmann Gregolin ◽  
Marla Schneider ◽  
Luciana Pereira Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energetic Metabolism ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The objective was to evaluate the influence of clinical (HC) and subclinical (HSC) hypocalcemia on the energetic metabolism and innate immune response of cows. The samples were divided into groups: Group 1: 74 samples (control), Group 2: 142 samples (HSC) and Group 3: 6 samples (HC). There was no difference in BHB and immune response. In G2 higher values of AGNE were detected on the day of delivery. In G3 higher levels of AGNE were observed on the 15th day postpartum in relation to the 30th day. Higher values of glucose were detected in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Thus, hypocalcemia did not cause alterations in the immune response but altered the energetic metabolism during the transition period.

scholarly journals The role of Mincle in innate immune to fungal keratitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiqiu Zhao ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Wenjun Chen ◽  
Tingting Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr

Introduction: This study aimed to detect the early expression of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) and investigate its role in the innate immune response of fungal keratitis (FK). Methodology: Wistar rats were used to make fungal keratitis models. The inflammatory responses and corneal lesions were observed by slit-lamp microscope.RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of Mincle in the rat corneal epithelium. The expression of eight cytokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3) were detected by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Lastly, corneal epithelium of 54 patients with Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis and 13 ocular trauma patients were collected to detect expression of Mincle by real-time RT-PCR, and 12 FK and 10 ocular trauma paraffin samples were collected to confirm expression of Mincle by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of Mincle was significantly upregulated at 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after fungal infection. There were significant differences in the expression of the eight inflammatory cytokines between the blank control group and the fungus-infected group. Mincle expression was correlated with the expression of TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-10, and CCL3 in the cornea. The mRNA expressions of Mincle in the corneas of both normal and FK patients were significantly different. Conclusions: The expression of Mincle increases significantly during the early period of Aspergillus fumigatus infection, while expression of eight corresponding cytokines changes. Mincle, as a pattern recognition receptor, may play a role in the early innate immune response of the corneal resistance against fungus.

scholarly journals Expression of innate immune response genes in the heart valves obtained from patients with infective endocarditis

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
А.В. Цепокина ◽  
М.Ю. Синицкий ◽  
М.А. Асанов ◽  
Я.В. Казачек ◽  
А.В. Евтушенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tlr2 Expression ◽  
Immune Response Genes

Изучены образцы створок клапанов сердца, полученные в ходе кардиохирургического вмешательства от 26 пациентов с установленным диагнозом «инфекционный эндокардит» (ИЭ), и от 12 пациентов без данной патологии (контрольная группа). Оценка уровня экспрессии генов врожденного иммунного ответа TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 и TLR6 проводилась методом количественной полимеразной цепной реакции. Установлено, что экспрессия гена TLR2 у пациентов с ИЭ практически не отличалась от контрольной группы, в то время как уровень мРНК генов TLR1, TLR4 и TLR6 в группе пациентов был значительно ниже, чем в контроле. We studied samples of heart valves obtained during cardiac surgery from 26 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and 12 patients without this pathology (control group). The expression of innate immune response genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6) was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was found that the TLR2 expression in patients with IE was similar to the control group, while the mRNA level of the TLR1, TLR4 and TLR6 genes in the patients was significantly lower compared to the control.

scholarly journals The Application of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Type 2 Diabetes Rats With Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and the Associated Innate Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Dafa Shi ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Xiang Yao ◽  
Siyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Type 2 Dm

AimsContrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common in-hospital acquired AKI, and its mechanism is not fully clear. Its morbidity increases among populations with chronic kidney disease (CKD), older age, diabetes mellitus (DM), and so on. Immediate and effective noninvasive diagnostic methods are lacking, so CI-AKI often prolongs hospital stays and increases extra medical costs. This study aims to explore the possibility of diagnosing CI-AKI with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on type 2 DM rats. Moreover, we attempt to reveal the immune response in CI-AKI and to clarify why DM is a predisposing factor for CI-AKI.MethodsA type 2 DM rat model was established by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Iodixanol-320 was the contrast medium (CM) administered to rats. Images were obtained with a SIEMENS Skyra 3.0-T magnetic resonance imager. Renal histopathology was evaluated using H&E staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The innate immune response was revealed through western blotting and flow cytometry.ResultsBlood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging can be used to predict and diagnose CI-AKI effectively. The R2∗ value (r > 0.6, P < 0.0001) and D value (| r| > 0.5, P < 0.0001) are strongly correlated with histopathological scores. The NOD-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome participates in CI-AKI and exacerbates CI-AKI in DM rats. Moreover, the percentages of neutrophils and M1 macrophages increase dramatically in rat kidneys after CM injection (neutrophils range from 56.3 to 56.6% and M1 macrophages from 48 to 54.1% in normal rats, whereas neutrophils range from 85.5 to 92.4% and M1 macrophages from 82.1 to 89.8% in DM rats).Conclusions/interpretationBOLD and IVIM-D can be effective noninvasive tools in predicting CI-AKI. The innate immune response is activated during the progression of CI-AKI and DM will exacerbate this progression.

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document