scholarly journals Public Support for Health Coverage for Migrant Populations in The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Infection Externalities and Impressions of Migrants' Home Place

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genghua HUANG ◽  
Zhaiwen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Imported Infection

Abstract Background: International population mobility is a significant challenge for the management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The suspension of flights and other traffic has been adopted to avoid more cases of imported infection by many countries, but these measures mean that most migrant populations, including immigrants, migrant and seasonal workers, international students, and others, have to stay in their host places. Therefore, equitable access to health services in the host places is crucial for them. Immigrant-receiving areas may encounter a dilemma when considering whether to extend health coverage of COVID-19 testing and treatment to immigrants. In this context, it is vital to understand public attitudes towards this issue since they explain and validate the policy responses. Methods: The data used in this study came from an survey conducted in March 2020. The survey targeted adults aged 18 and older who were local residents of nine cities in Guangdong province, China. The sample size was 1,040, and STATA 15.0 was used in the statistical analysis.Results: The results show that individuals with higher health security ratings, lower demand for health services, and greater concern about the risk of infectious diseases are more supportive of extending health services to immigrants. In addition, individuals who rate immigrants’ home place as more immigrant-friendly are also more supportive of it.Conclusions: Public support for health coverage for immigrants in the COVID-19 Pandemic is influenced by infection externalities and impression of immigrants’ home countries. This study attempts to contribute to the body of literature related to welfare attitudes and immigration. It also outlines a series of crucial implications for the global task of managing COVID-19.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Access on the perspective of adult users of Primary Health Care in Fortaleza, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Borges Costa ◽  
C Salles Gazeta Vieira Fernandes ◽  
T Custódio Mota ◽  
E Torquato Santos ◽  
M Moura de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract The Alma-Ata Conference promoted Primary Health Care (PHC) worldwide as a form of universal and continuous access to quality and effective health services. In Brazil, PHC, through the Family Health Strategy (FHS), aims to be the gateway to the health system and its structuring axis. For this, it is necessary to promote access, an essential condition for the quality of health care services, following the attributes systematized by Barbara Starfield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the attribute “First Contact Access” on the perspective of adult users of public PHC services in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A transversal study was carried out, in 19 PHC Units, from June to December 2019, using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) Brazil version for adult users. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. 233 users participated, mostly women (69.5%), aged 30 to 59 years old (55.3%), mixed-race (69.5%), with complete high school (38.2%), without private health coverage (89.3%), homeowners (68.7%) and belonging to families of up to 4 members (87.9%). The “Accessibility” component had the lowest score, 2.83, and the “Utilization” had the highest score, 8.06. Older age was associated with higher “Accessibility” scores (p = 0,018), while lower values of “Utilization” were associated with higher education (p = 0,004). The main problems observed were: low access for acute demand consultations, lack of access at nighttime and weekends, little access through non-personal ways, bureaucratic barriers and a long time for scheduling appointments. We conclude that, although there was an improvement in PHC coverage in the city over the years, mainly due to FHS, there is still a lot to improve to ensure timely access to health services. Key messages Users consider PHC as the usual source of care, demonstrated by the high score of 'Utilization', however, they are unable to use it when necessary, demonstrated by the low score of 'Accessibility'. Expanding forms of access is essential to contribute to the strengthening of PHC in Fortaleza, Brazil, facilitating the entry to its national Universal Health System.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN POLA MAKAN KLIEN DENGAN PENYAKIT DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Tigor Abdurrahman Thomy ◽  
Mutmainah Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Number Of Patients

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood, because the body is unable to release or use insulin adequately. There are several risk factors for diabetes, namely: diet, knowledge, offspring, obesity, infection, age, other diseases, drug consumption, and genetic syndromes. (Sutedjo, 2010). From the Medical Record of Pusri Hospital in Palembang City, the case of Diabetes Mellitus in 2013 was 728 cases. In 2014 the number of patients was 742 cases, in 2015 there were 774 cases. (Pusri Hospital Medical Record). The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between knowledge and dietary patterns of clients simultaneously with Diabetes Mellitus in the Outpatient Installation of Pusri Palembang Hospital in 2017. This type of research uses a cross sectional approach. Test the statistics used using the Chi-Square test. And the sample in this study was taken with a total population technique of 30 people. Bivariate analysis states that there is a significant relationship between diet and diabetes mellitus where p value = 0.002 is smaller than a = 0.05 and there is no significant relationship between knowledge simultaneously with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Where p. value = 0.069 is greater with a = 0.05. Conclusions from this study that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of diabetes mellitus and there is no significant relationship between knowledge with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Suggestions from this study to the hospital. Pusri Palembang is in providing quality health services that should be improved in providing information and is expected to improve access to health services, especially regarding diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes Militus, Diet

scholarly journals Influence of Public Oral Health Services and Socioeconomic Indicators on the Frequency of Hospitalization and Deaths due to Oral Cancer in Brazil, between 2002–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Aldelany R. Freire ◽  
Deborah E. W. G. Freire ◽  
Elza C. F. de Araújo ◽  
Edson H. G. de Lucena ◽  
Yuri W. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Oral Health Services

Background: Oral cancer is a frequent neoplasm worldwide, and socioeconomic factors and access to health services may be associated with its risk. Aim: To analyze effect of socioeconomic variables and the influence of public oral health services availability on the frequency of new hospitalized cases and mortality of oral cancer in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This observational study analyzed all Brazilian cities with at least one hospitalized case of oral cancer in the National Cancer Institute database (2002–2017). For each city were collected: population size, Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), Gini Coefficient, oral health coverage in primary care, number of Dental Specialized Centers (DSC) and absolute frequency of deaths after one year of the first treatment. The risk ratio was determined by COX regression, and the effect of the predictor variables on the incidence of cases was verified by the Hazard Ratio measure. Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with higher mortality frequency. Results: Cities above 50,000 inhabitants, with high or very high MHDI, more unequal (Gini > 0.4), with less oral health coverage in primary care (<50%) and without DSC had a greater accumulated risk of having 1 or more cases (p < 0.001). Higher frequency of deaths was also associated with higher population size, higher MHDI, higher Gini and lower oral health coverage in primary care (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The number hospitalization and deaths due to oral cancer in Brazil was influenced by the cities’ population size, the population’s socioeconomic status and the availability of public dental services.

scholarly journals Conceptions About Health and Care Practices of Black Men from a Quilombola Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Anderson Reis de Sousa ◽  
Thiago da Silva Santana ◽  
Heron Silva Caldas Santos ◽  
Oscar Javier Vergara Escobar ◽  
Angélica Isabel Romero Daza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Black People ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Health Care Practices ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Afro Brazilian

Introduction: Universal health coverage will be guaranteed to all individuals, safeguarding the rights of traditional communities, as in the quilombola population, respecting the dimensions of interculturality, gender and ethnicity. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the conceptions of health and health care practices of Afro-Brazilian men from a quilombola community. Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study conducted with Afro-Brazilian men from a quilombola community in Bahia, Brazil, where there is a significant concentration of black people and quilombola communities. Results: This group’s conceptions of health are based on the combination of the individual body with the body that is socially and culturally situated in the community. Health care practices are anchored in cultural knowledge and strengthened by the bonds with nature, friends and religious leaders. Conclusion: The black men from quilombola communities are in a state of vulnerability due to the lack of access to health services.

scholarly journals In search of universal health coverage – highlighting the accessibility of health services for students with disabilities in Ghana: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Abodey ◽  
Irene Vanderpuye ◽  
Isaac Mensah ◽  
Eric Badu
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Accessibility Of Health Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background: Accessibility to health services for students with disabilities is a global concern. This is no less important in Ghana, however, to date, no study has been undertaken regarding access to health services for students with disabilities. This study, therefore, aims to explore the accessibility of health services for students with disabilities, in the quest of achieving universal health coverage in Ghana. Methods: Qualitative methods, involving in-depth interviews were employed to collect data from 54 participants (29 students with disabilities, 17 health workers and 8 school mothers), selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results : The study identified three themes – accessibility, adequacy, and affordability. The study findings highlighted that universal health coverage for students with disabilities has not been achieved due to barriers in accessing health services. The barriers faced by students with disabilities are unfriendly physical environments, structures, equipment, limited support services and poor health insurance policy to finance health services. Conclusion : The study concludes that the government should prioritize disability-related issues in health policy formulation, implementation and monitoring. The current provisions and requirements in the disability act should be prioritized, enforced and monitored to ensure adequate inclusion of disability issues in health services. Further, the current exemption policy under the NHIS scheme should be revised to adequately address the needs of people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Financial Barriers to Access to Health Services for Adult People with Disability in Iran: The Challenges for Universal Health Coverage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin SOLTANI ◽  
Amirhossein TAKIAN ◽  
Ali AKBARI SARI ◽  
Reza MAJDZADEH ◽  
Mohammad KAMALI
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
Universal Health

Background: Reducing inequities in access to healthcare is one of the most important goals for all health systems. Financial barriers play a fundamental role here. People with disability (PWD) experience further financial barriers in access to their needed healthcare services. This study aimed to explore the causes of barriers in access to health services for PWD in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this qualitative study, we used semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data and selected participants through purposeful sampling with maximum variation. We conducted 56 individual interviews with people with disability, healthcare providers and policymakers from Sep 2015 until May 2016, at different locations in Tehran, Iran. Results: We identified four categories and eight subcategories of financial barriers affecting access to healthcare services among PWD. Four categories were related to health insurance (i.e. lack of insurance coverage for services like dentistry, occupational therapy and speech therapy), affordability (low income for PWD and their family), financial supports (e.g. low levels of pensions for people with disabilities) and transportation costs (high cost of transportation to reach healthcare facilities for PWD). Conclusion: Financial problems can lead to poor access to health care services. To achieve universal health coverage, government should reduce health insurance barriers and increase job opportunities and sufficient financial support for PWD. 

scholarly journals Achieving universal health coverage in small island states: could importing health services provide a solution?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyam Suzana ◽  
Helen Walls ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Johanna Hanefeld
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Medical Travel ◽  
Universal Health

BackgroundUniversal health coverage (UHC) is difficult to achieve in settings short of medicines, health workers and health facilities. These characteristics define the majority of the small island developing states (SIDS), where population size negates the benefits of economies of scale. One option to alleviate this constraint is to import health services, rather than focus on domestic production. This paper provides empirical analysis of the potential impact of this option.MethodsAnalysis was based on publicly accessible data for 14 SIDS, covering health-related travel and health indicators for the period 2003–2013, together with in-depth review of medical travel schemes for the two highest importing SIDS—the Maldives and Tuvalu.FindingsMedical travel from SIDS is accelerating. The SIDS studied generally lacked health infrastructure and technologies, and the majority of them had lower than the recommended number of physicians in a country, which limits their capacity for achieving UHC. Tuvalu and the Maldives were the highest importers of healthcare and notably have public schemes that facilitate medical travel and help lower the out-of-pocket expenditure on medical travel. Although different in approach, design and performance, the medical travel schemes in Tuvalu and the Maldives are both examples of measures used to increase access to health services that cannot feasibly be provided in SIDS.InterpretationOur findings suggest that importing health services (through schemes to facilitate medical travel) is a potential mechanism to help achieve universal healthcare for SIDS but requires due diligence over cost, equity and quality control.

Health equity funds as the pathway to universal coverage in Cambodia: care seeking and financial risk protection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theepakorn Jithitikulchai ◽  
Isabelle Feldhaus ◽  
Sebastian Bauhoff ◽  
Somil Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Access To Health

Abstract Cambodia has developed the health equity fund (HEF) system to improve access to health services for the poor, and this strengthens the health system towards the universal health coverage goal. Given rising healthcare costs, Cambodia has introduced several innovations and accomplished considerable progress in improving access to health services and catastrophic health expenditures for the targeted population groups. Though this is improving in recent years, HEF households remain at the higher risk of catastrophic spending as measured by the higher share of HEF households with catastrophic health expenses being at 6.9% compared to the non-HEF households of 5.5% in 2017. Poverty targeting poses another challenge for the health system. Nevertheless, HEF appeared to be more significantly associated with decreased out-of-pocket expenditure per illness among those who sought care from public providers. Increasing population and cost coverages of the HEF and effectively attracting beneficiaries to the public sector will further enhance the financial protection and pave the pathway towards universal coverage. Our recommendations focus on leveraging the HEF experience for expanding coverage and increasing equitable access, as well as strengthening the quality of healthcare services.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of the Tuberculosis Cure in Primary Care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Prado Junior ◽  
Roberto de Andrade Medronho
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Family Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) presents a high burden of disease and is considered a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO), consisting of the most important cause of death from infectious disease in adults. It is related directly to access to health services and socioeconomic factors. Primary health care provides greater linking people to health services and greater medication adherence in some chronic diseases. Also, it provides supervised treatment and the search for more effective contacts. Objective: This paper aims to compare the tuberculosis cure among the areas covered and not covered by the family health teams from 2012 to 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Rio de Janeiro. The variables were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System for Tuberculosis (SINAN-TB) and the socioeconomic variables from the 2010 national census. The socioeconomic variables were selected from the multivariate analysis using principal factors analysis techniques. For the spatial analysis was used a generalized additive model (GAM). Results: Association was found between TB cure and education, alcoholism, contacts search, serology for HIV and the elderly. People with family health coverage between 35 and 41 months had 1,64 more chance of cure when compared to people without coverage (95% CI 1.07 to 2.51). Conclusion: From the spatial analysis, it was possible to identify areas with less chance of cure for tuberculosis in the municipality.

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