Design of A Multi-Epitope Protein Vaccine Against Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Papillomavirus and Chlamydia Trachomatis as the Main Causes of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Dorosti ◽  
Sedigheh Eskandari ◽  
Mahboubeh Zarei ◽  
Navid Nezafat ◽  
Younes Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Simplex Virus

Abstract Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have a profound effect on reproductivity and sexual health worldwide. According to world health organization (WHO) 375 million new case of STD, including chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, HPV has been reported in 2016. More than 30 diverse pathogenesis have identified to be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Of these, viral infections (hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV or herpes), HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are incurable. However, symptoms caused by the incurable viral infections can be alleviated through treatment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to antibiotics has increased recent years, in this regard, vaccination is proposed as an important strategy for prevention or treatment of STDs. Vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 suggests a new approach for controlling STDs but until now, there is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine have been approved for HSV-2 and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT); in this reason, developing an efficient vaccine is inevitable. Recently, different combinatorial forms of subunit vaccines against two or three type of bacteria have been designed. Results: In this study, to design a combinatorial vaccine against HSV, CT, and HPV, the E7 and L2 from HPV, glycoprotein D from HSV-2 and ompA from CT were selected as final antigens. Afterward, the immunodominant helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) and cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) epitopes were chosen from aforesaid antigens. P30 (tetanus toxoid epitope) as universal T-helper were also added to the vaccine. Moreover, flagellin D1/D0 as TLR5 agonist and the RS09 as a TLR4 ligand were incorporated to N and C-terminals of peptide vaccine, respectively. Finally, all selected parts were fused together by appropriate linkers to enhance vaccine efficiency. The physicochemical, structural, and immunological properties of the designed vaccine protein were assessed. To achieve the best 3D model of the protein vaccine, modeling, refinement, and validation of modeled structures were also done. Docking evaluation demonstrated suitable interaction between the vaccine and TLR5. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) studies showed an appropriate and stable structure of protein and TLR5. Conclusion: Based on immunoinformatic analysis, our vaccine candidate could potentially incite humoral and cellular immunities, which are critical for protection against HPV, HSV-2, and chlamydia trachomatis. It should be noted that, experimental studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of the designed vaccine.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections in oral cavity lesions: Human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Herpes simplex virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1632129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Angel D. Talavera ◽  
María I. Criscuolo ◽  
Raúl F. Venezuela ◽  
Ana X. Kiguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Africa

Afrika Focus ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon De Schryver ◽  
André Meheus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Chlamydial Infections

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are defined as a group of communicable diseases which have in common that they are transmitted predominantly by sexual contact. The number of agents now known to be sexually transmitted include some 20 pathogens. Some of these agents (such as Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B. virus, human immunodeficiency virus) tend to replace the classical "venereal diseases" both in importance and frequency as these agents are often more difficult to detect, treat, and control. Sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem in most African countries on account of their frequency, their associated morbidity and mortality, their impact on maternal and infant health, as well as their economic costs in terms of health expenditure and lost productivity, and, last but not least, because of their social consequences. Recent epidemiological studies using sophisticated diagnostic technologies greatly extend our knowledge on the true spectrum of complications and sequelae associated with these infections. Nongonococcal urethritis - caused to 40% by Chlamydia trachomatis - and gonococcal infections are together the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases. The increasing importance of chlamydial infections, in contrast to a gradual decrease of gonococcal infections, is related to the fact that these infections Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are defined as a group of communica- ble diseases which have in common that they are transmitted predominantly by sexual contact. The number of agents now known to be sexually trans- mitted include some 20 pathogens. Some of these agents (such as Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis Br virus, human immunodeficiency virus) tend to replace the classical "vene- real diseases" both in importance and frequency as these agents are often more difficult to detect, treat, and control. Sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem in most African countries on account of their frequency, their associated morbidity and mortality, their impact on maternal and infant health, as well as their economic costs in terms of health expenditure and lost productivity, and, last but not least, because of their social consequences. Recent epidemio- logical studies using sophisticated diagnostic technologies greatly extend our knowledge on the true spectrum of complications and sequelae asso- ciated with these infections. Nongonococcal urethritis - caused to 40% by Chlamydia trachomatis - and gonococcal infections are together the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases. The increasing importance of chlamydial infections, in contrast to a gradual decrease of gonococcal infections, is related to thefact that these infections frequently cause asymptomatic or mild disease and do not motivate patients to seek medical care, resulting in an extended period of infectivity and high risk of developing complications. Untreated gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections are the most common causes of epididymitis in males under the age of 35 years and may lead to decreased fertility. In some parts of sub-saharan Africa where urethritis often goes untreated, epididymitis is the leading course of male infertility. Also urethral strictures still from a large part of urogenital practice in some African countries. An estimated 8-16% of women with untreated endocervical gonococcal or chlamydial infections will develop acute salpingitis following an ascending spread of these pathogens. After one episode of acute salpingitis approximately 10% of women may become infertile due to complete tubal occlusion. Similarly, the risk for women to develop an ectopic pregnancy after salpingitis is 6-10 times greater than in controls. Ectopic pregnancies in areas with insufficient health services carry a high mortality risk. Maternal infections with STD may not only have adverse effects on pregnancy outcome but may cause serious morbidity and mortality in the newborn (e.g. congenital syphilis, ophthalmia neonatorum, herpes simplex virus infection of the neonate, chlamydial pneumonia, congenital HIV infection). AIDS is an example "par excellence" of a sexually transmitted disease of public health importance requiring extensive clinical services and posing enormous financial and social problems for the individual and the society at large. AIDS and the other viral STD have greatly increased the interest in primary prevention strategies such as health education and behavioral modification, for the control of sexually transmitted diseases.KEYWORDS: chancroid, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV, infertility, sexually transmitted diseases, surveillance 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Transmission of HIV in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Tahmina Shirin ◽  
Saidur Rahman ◽  
Fareha Jesmin Rabbi ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
KZ Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among patients attending out patients department of Skin and Venereal diseases of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Shahid Sohrawardy Hospital, Dhaka was studied. A total of 230 patients were enrolled in the study during the period of July, 2006 to May, 2007. Urethral and endocervical swabs were collected from the participants for detection of Neisseria gonorrheae (by culture), Chlamydia trachomatis (by immunochromatoghraphy) and blood samples for the detection of Treponema pallidum antibody (by rapid plasma regain and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay), Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody (both IgM and IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and Human Immunodeficiency virus antibody (by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Socio-demographic data and data regarding high-risk sexual behavior were also collected. Out of 230 participants, 199 (86.5%) were positive for STDs pathogens studied, among them, 98 (42.6%) were infected with single pathogen and 101 (43.9%) were suffering from multiple infections. The prevalences of N. gonorrheae, C. trachomatis, T. pallidum, and HSV type 2 were 90 (39.1%), 110 (47.8%), 28 (12.2%) and 88 (38.2%) respectively. However, none of them were positive for HIV infection. Use of condom was significantly associated with protection of the participants against STDs. Keywords: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Herpes simplex virus type-2, Human Immunodeficiency virus   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2968 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 27-33

scholarly journals Association of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Serostatus With Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Johanna Alberts ◽  
Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff ◽  
Mary R. Papenfuss ◽  
Roberto José Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Luisa Lina Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals PERAN MIKROBIOM PADA INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wresti Indriatmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Komposisi mikrobiota saluran reproduksi berkaitan dengan kesehatan reproduksi dan ketahanannya terhadap infeksi menular seksual, terutama pada perempuan. Saluran reproduksi perempuan dan laki-laki dapat terpajan dengan komunitas mikroba asing selama aktivitas seksual. Proteksi oleh mikrobiota vagina sehat terhadap infeksi virus dapat diperankan oleh efek virusidal langsung atau oleh faktor pertahanan alamiah yang terdapat di dalam lingkungan vagina. Flora vagina abnormal yang kekurangan lactobacilli dihubungkan dengan kemudahan terinfeksi Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, serta Trichomonas vaginalis. Pada laki-laki, mikrobiota dapat ditemukan pada genitalia bagian bawah, terutama penis, yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh sirkumsisi. Sirkumsisi dapat mengurangi risiko beberapa infeksi menular seksual (IMS), yaitu herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), dan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dengan cara mengubah mikrobiota penis dan lingkungan imunitas lokal. Mikrobiota pada rektum juga berperan bila hubungan seksual dilakukan secara anogenital reseptif. Dengan demikian, penularan patogen infeksi menular seksual akan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi mikrobiota genital atau pun rektum.Kata kunci: mikrobiom, mikrobiota, infeksi menular seksual

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