Intestinal Parasites of Buffalo Calves from Romania: Molecular Characterization of Cryptoporidium spp. and Giardia Duodenalis, and the first Report of Eimeria Bareillyi

Abstract Buffaloes represent an important economic resource for several regions of the world including Romania; however, no reports on parasitic infections in buffaloes from Romania are available. In the present study, we examined for the gastrointestinal parasites 104 fecal samples bimonthly collected from 38 buffalo calves (2–11 weeks old) from household rearing systems in Romania. All samples were tested using the saturated salt flotation, McMaster and modified Ziehl-Nielsen staining methods. PCR coupled with isolates sequencing methods were used to identify the Giardia duodenalis assemblages and Cryptosporidium species. Overall, 33 out of 38 examined buffalo calves were infected with different gastrointestinal parasites; 16 had single infections and 17 had mixed infections with 2 or 3 parasites. Eimeria species (32/38; 84.2%) was the most prevalent parasite; 8 species were identified according to the oocyst morphology including the pathogenic E. bareillyi which detected for the first time in buffaloes from Romania. Toxocara vitulorum (11/38; 36.8%) and Strongyloides papillosus (6/38; 15.8%) were also detected. Cryptosporidium spp. were found in 4 (10.5%) buffalo calves; 2 of them were molecularly identified as C. ryanae and another one was clustered in the same clade with C. ryanae, C. bovis, and C. xiaoi. Giardia duodenalis assemblage E was also molecularly detected in a single (2.6%) buffalo calf. The presence of other buffaloes in the same barn was identified as a risk factor for infection with T. vitulorum. Our results indicate extensive parasitic infections in buffalo calves from Northwestern Romania and underline the necessity of prophylactic treatments for T. vitulorum and E. bareillyi.

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Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among diarrheic patients from Ahvaz, southwestern Iran

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520999201116202411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Saina Karami ◽

Molouk Beiromvand ◽

Kobra Kohansal

Keyword(s):

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Blastocystis Hominis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Southwestern Iran

Background:: Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most common infections in humans, particularly in re-source-poor communities. Gastrointestinal parasites, specially protozoa can lead to diarrhea, malabsorption, and anemia. The majority of parasitic diarrhea is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium spp.. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among diarrheic patients referred to the Shahid Rajaee Polyclinic, Ahvaz, southwestern Iran. Methods:: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among 250 diarrheic pa-tients using direct smear, formalin-ether concentration, ziehl- neelsen, and trichrome staining. Results:: The results indicated that 34.4% (86/250) of the patients were infected with pathogenic parasites. Giardia duode-nalis with an occurrence of 18.8% (47/250) and Cryptosporidium spp. with a frequency of 2.8% (7/250) had the highest and lowest infection rates, respectively. Blastocystis hominis with a frequency of 15.2% (38/250) showed the highest prevalence rate after G. duodenalis. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was observed in 3 (1.2%) of diarrheic patients. The age group 1−10 years old was the most frequently infected group (27.9%). We could not find a significant association between the source of drinking water and intestinal parasitic infections (p= 0.912). Conclusions:: This study demonstrated that G. duodenalis was the predominant parasite found among the patients. The re-sults revealed that intestinal parasites were one of the main health problems in the region.

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Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Salem Belkessa ◽

Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽

Karim Houali ◽

Farida Ghalmi ◽

Christen Rune Stensvold

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Pcr Targeting ◽

Assemblage B

The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.

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Intestinal parasites in cancer patients in the South of Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.175364 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 574-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Jeske ◽

T. F. Bianchi ◽

M. Q. Moura ◽

B. Baccega ◽

N. B. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Clinic Visit ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

The South ◽

Intestinal Protozoa ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Staining Methods ◽

South Of Brazil

Abstract Intestinal parasitic infections in immunocompromised patients can lead to serious complications when not diagnosed and treated early. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the South of Brazil. Three fecal samples collected from each patient (73 individuals) were processed by Ritchie and Faust techniques and submitted to specific staining methods for intestinal protozoa. A 61.6% parasite and/or commensal positivity was found. Helminths identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (33.3%), Taenia spp. (6.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.4%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.2%). Among protozoans, Giardia lamblia (26.6%), Cryptosporidium spp. (13.3%) and Cystoisospora belli (4.4%) were identified. The presence of Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba hartmanni was also recorded. The results obtained warn of the importance of fecal parasitological diagnosis and the use of specific staining methods for the detection of intestinal parasites in cancer patients. These exams should be regularly requested at the patient’s first clinic visit, given the high prevalence found in this study and the possible severity of such conditions for these individuals.

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A coprological survey of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Kurigram district of Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

MAA Mamun ◽

N Begum ◽

MMH Mondal

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Water Buffaloes ◽

Toxocara Vitulorum ◽

Coprological Examination ◽

Males And Females ◽

Paramphistomum Cervi

Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes was investigated in Kurigram district of Bangladesh between November 2007 and October 2008 through coprological examination. A total of 236 water buffaloes were examined, among them 144 (61.02%) buffaloes were found infected with one or more species of gastro-intestinal parasites. Nine species of gastro-intestinal parasites were identified, of them four species were trematodes, namely, Paramphistomum cervi (29.24%), Fasciola gigantica (22.46%), Schistosoma indicum (1.27%), Schistosoma spindale (0.85%); three species were nematodes, namely, Toxocara vitulorum (2.54%), Strongyles (0.85%), Strongyloides sp. (0.42%) and two species were protozoa, namely, Eimeria sp. (3.39%) and Balantidium coli (37.29%). No cestode was detected. Among the gastro-intestinal parasites mixed infection was common. In this investigation, prevalence of parasites in relation to age, sex and seasonal dynamics was also studied. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites was observed in rainy season followed by summer and winter seasons. Males and females were almost equally (odd ratio 1.08) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasitic infection. In the age groups, young (< 2 to 5 years) were mostly (p<0.01) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasites. In the present study, EPG (Egg/cyst Per Gram of Feces) was also determined. The range of EPG varied from 100-5000 among the identified parasites. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffaloes is very common and quite severe. It is imperative that integrated strategies and measures be taken to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes in kurigram district and elsewhere in Bangladesh. Keywords: Buffalo; Gastro-intestinal parasites; Kurigram district DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 103-109

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Toxocara cati and other parasitic enteropathogens: more commonly found in owned cats with gastrointestinal signs than in clinically healthy ones

10.21203/rs.3.rs-153658/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aurora L. Ursache ◽

Adriana Györke ◽

Viorica Mircean ◽

Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽

Andrei Răzvan Codea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

The Public ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Flotation Method

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are involved in the health and wellbeing of cats and some of them, due to their zoonotic character represent a problem for the public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in cats with digestive symptoms. Faecal samples collected from 137 cats were analysed by the flotation method using sodium chloride saturated solution. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 56.6%. GI parasites were significantly (p=0.005) more common in cats with digestive symptoms (69.8%) than in clinically healthy ones (23.0%). Toxocara cati (40.2%) was the most frequently identified GI parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (10.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3.7%), Taenia spp. (2.2), Giardia duodenalis (2.2%), and Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts (0.7%). T. cati (53.3%, p<0.0001) and Cystoisospora spp. (15.6%, p<0.001) were significantly more frequently diagnosed in cats with digestive symptoms. Lack of deworming in the last three months (OR: 15.9), outdoor access (OR: 13.8), the presence of digestive symptoms (OR: 5.4), and young age (OR: 4.2) were identified as risk factors for T. cati infection by logistic regression analysis. Regardless of the age, symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, and inappetence were positively associated with T. cati.

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Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites of calves in Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong district of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18494 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

TC Nath ◽

MJU Bhuiyan ◽

MS Alam

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Faecal Examination ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Eimeria Spp

To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were collected from Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong District of Bangladesh during the period from 2011 to 2012. Fecal samples of calves aged up to 6 months of three different genotypes were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The results of faecal examination revealed that 54.22% calves were infected with some of the parasites. Toxocara spp (22.66%), Eimeria spp (17.33%), Strongyloides spp (6.44%), gastrointestinal strongyles (3.78%), Moniezia spp (01.78%), Trichuris spp (01.56%) and Fasciola gigantica (0.66%) were found. We found eggs of Toxocara spp eggs, Strongyloides spp eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp during the age of first month, gastrointestinal strongyles eggs and Moniezia eggs at/during/within the age of 3 months and eggs of Trichuris spp and Fasciola gigantic during the age of five months of age. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Local, Shahiwal cross and Holstein Frisian cross were 46%, 52% and 62%, respectively. The age and genotype of the calves and the locality of investigations might have influenced the prevalence of the parasitic infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18494 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 139-142

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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Gansu, northwest China

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Yilin Wang ◽

Jianke Cao ◽

Yankai Chang ◽

Fuchang Yu ◽

Sumei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Northwest China ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

And Control

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are common gastrointestinal parasites with a broad range of hosts, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. To examine the infection status and assess the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in Gansu, China, a total of 1414 fecal samples were collected from the rectum, with one sample collected from each individual animal. All the samples were tested using nested PCR based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis. The overall infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were 4.2% (n = 59) and 1.0% (n = 14), respectively. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. andersoni (n = 42), C. parvum (n = 12), C. bovis (n = 5), and C. ryanae (n = 1). In further analyses of subtypes of C. parvum isolates based on the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene, five were successfully subtyped as IIdA19G1 (n = 4) and IIdA15G1 (n = 1). All 14 G. duodenalis isolates were identified as assemblage E using the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. The relatively low positive rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis detected here and the predominance of non-human pathogenic species/assemblages of these parasites indicated their unique transmission dynamics in this area and the low level of threat posed to public health. However, continuous monitoring and further studies of these parasites should be conducted for the prevention and control of these pathogens.

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Impact of Intestinal Parasites on Microbiota and Metagenomic Influences on Gene Encoding Cobalamin Pathway

10.21203/rs.2.18337/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rojelio Mejia ◽

Ashish Damania ◽

Rebecca Jeun ◽

Patricia Bryan ◽

Paola Vargas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Asymptomatic Children ◽

Bacterial Microbiota

Abstract Background: Approximately 30% of children worldwide are infected with gastrointestinal parasites. Depending on the species, parasites can disrupt intestinal bacterial flora affecting nutritional status. We implemented a multi-parallel quantitative real-time PCR and whole-genome sequencing analysis for bacterial microbiota and Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Cryptosporidium species, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia. Stool samples were collected from 37 asymptomatic children from rural Argentina. We focused this study on Giardia screening. Separate analyses were done for uninfected, Giardia only, Giardia/helminth coinfections, and helminth only groups.Results: For Giardia only infected children, DNA sequencing data showed a decrease in microbiota biodiversity compared to those uninfected that correlated with increasing Giardia burden. Clustering was statistically significant using Shannon alpha diversity. A non-significant increase in diversity was observed for helminth only infections with a compensatory decrease in Giardia/helminth coinfections. In Giardia only infections, microbiome taxonomy shifted from Firmicutes towards increasing proportions of Prevotella, with the degree of shift related to the intensity of infection compared to uninfected. An abundance of Prevotella bacteria was decreased in the helminths only group but increased for Giardia/helminth coinfections. Metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiota showed that the proportion of non-vitamin B12 producing bacteria (Prevotella) was higher in the Giardia group. Total cobalamin synthesis was decreased in the Giardia-infected only group compared to the control and helminth-infected group. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence for an effect of parasitic infections allowing permissive growth of anaerobic bacteria such as Prevotella, suggesting an altered capacity of vitamin B12 biosynthesis and potential impact on growth and development in children.

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Evaluation of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria in a territory hospital in Turkey

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11552 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 927-932

Author(s):

Sedat Vezir ◽

Filiz Kaya ◽

Emine Vezir ◽

Nermin Karaosmanoğlu ◽

Ali Kudret Adiloğlu

Keyword(s):

Patient Group ◽

Chronic Urticaria ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Blastocystis Sp ◽

Stool Samples

Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) which develops without a known stimulation is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema or both for longer than six weeks. Infections, autoimmunity, food intolerance and internal parasitic infections are supposed to be underlying causes of CSU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal parasites in children and adult patients diagnosed as CSU, to determine the frequency of parasites in chronic urticaria, and to compare these patients with healthy demographic control groups. Methodology: Seventy six children and 38 adult patients with CSU were examined in terms of parasitic infections. The patients whom parasites were detected received anti-parasitic therapy and the improvements in CSU symptoms were evaluated. Stool samples were examined with direct microscopic examination (native-lugol), stool concentration and trichrome staining methods. Results: In pediatric patient group, 18.4% (n = 14) of the stool samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., 2.6% (n = 2), Dientamoeba fragilis and 1.3% (n = 1), Giardia duodenalis. In adult patient group, Blastocystis sp. was detected in 18.4% (n = 7) of the stool samples. Anti-parasitic therapy yielded substantial improvement in urticaria symptoms in 57.1% of pediatric and 60.0% of adult patients. Conclusions: Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis may play a role in chronic urticaria which seriously disrupts the patient's quality of life. Parasitic infections should not be neglected in patients with cutaneous manifestations.

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Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in Shanghai, China

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.8421 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (06) ◽

pp. 479-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hua Liu ◽

Yujuan Shen ◽

Aiqin Liu ◽

Jianhai Yin ◽

Zhongying Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Giardia Infection ◽

Multilocus Genotyping ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Amplification Rate ◽

Zoo Animals ◽

First Time

Introduction: High prevalence of Giardia infections occurs in humans and animals, partly because of the increasing numbers of pets. We determined the presence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in pets and zoo animals. Methodology: A total of 84 specimens were collected from dogs and cats from a pet hospital, and 54 specimens from a zoo, which included deer, tigers, yaks, and others. All the specimens were examined by microscopy and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subsequent sequencing of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Results: Giardia infection was confirmed in 5.95% and 15.48% of animals by microscopy and by PCR, respectively; the detection levels were 13.33% and 26.67% for pets, and 1.85% and 9.26% for zoo animals. Four assemblages were identified: assemblage C in dogs, cats, and a sheep; D in dogs, a wolf, a yak, and a leopard; E in a sheep; and F in a cat and a leopard. PCR gave the highest amplification rate at the gdh locus. Eight, five, and four sequences were novel at the gdh, bg, and tpi loci, respectively. Two tpi sequences of dog-derived assemblage C had 100% homology with amino acid sequences from human-derived isolates. Conclusions: The molecular characterization of G. duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in China is described. Assemblage D was identified in a yak and a leopard for the first time. Multilocus genotyping analysis identified the same tpi gene sequences of assemblage C in dogs and humans, indicating potential zoonotic transmission.

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