scholarly journals Plant Biomass and Soil Nutrients Mainly Explain the Variation of Soil Microbial Communities during Secondary Succession on the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-Ping Xu ◽  
Jia-Yi Wang ◽  
Xin-Hui Han ◽  
Cheng-Jie Ren ◽  
Gai-He Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Abstract Soil microorganisms play an important role in the circulation of materials and nutrients between plants and soil ecosystems, but the drivers of microbial community composition and diversity remain uncertain in different vegetation restoration patterns. We studied soil physicochemical properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density, pH, soil nutrients, available nutrients), plant characteristics (i.e., Shannon index [HPlant] and Richness index [SPlant], litter biomass [LB], and fine root biomass [FRB]), and microbial variables (biomass, enzyme activity, diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities) in different plant succession patterns (Robinia pseudoacacia [MF], Caragana korshinskii [SF] and grassland [GL]) on the Loess Plateau. The herb communities, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were strongly affected by vegetation restoration. And soil bacterial and fungal communities were significantly different from each other at the sites. Furthermore, LB and FRB were significantly positively correlated with SBacteria, soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, Proteobacteria, Zygomycota and Cercozoa, while negatively correlated with Actinobacteria and Basidiomycota. In addition, soil water content (SW), pH and nutrients have important effects on the bacterial and fungal diversities, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Zygomycota and microbial biomass. Furthermore, plant characteristics and soil properties modulated the composition and diversity of soil microorganisms, respectively. Overall, the relative contribution of vegetation and soil to the diversity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities illustrated that plant characteristics and soil properties may synergistically modulate soil microbial communities. And soil bacterial and fungal communities mainly depend on plant biomass and soil nutrients.

scholarly journals Effects of liming on the microbial biomass and its activities in soils long-term contaminated by toxic elements

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mühlbachová ◽  
P. Tlustoš
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lead Smelter ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonates

The effects of liming by CaO and CaCO<sub>3</sub> on soil microbial characteristics were studied during laboratory incubation of long-term contaminated arable and grassland soils from the vicinity of lead smelter near Př&iacute;bram (Czech Republic). The CaO treatment showed significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass C and its respiratory activity in both studied soils, despite the fact that microbial biomass C in the grassland soil increased sharply during the first day of incubation. The metabolic quotient (qCO<sub>2</sub>) in soils amended by CaO showed greater values than the control from the second day of incubation, indicating a possible stress of soil microbial pool. The vulnerability of organic matter to CaO could be indicated by the availability of K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon that increased sharply, particularly at the beginning of the experiment. The amendment of soils by CaCO<sub>3 </sub>moderately increased the soil microbial biomass. The respiratory activity and qCO<sub>2</sub> increased sharply during the first day of incubation, however it is not possible to ascribe them only to microbial activities, but also to CaCO<sub>3</sub> decomposition in hydrogen carbonates, water and CO<sub>2</sub>. The pH values increased more sharply under CaO treatment in comparison to CaCO<sub>3</sub> treatment. The improvement of soil pH by CaCO<sub>3</sub> could be therefore more convenient for soil microbial communities.

scholarly journals Tillage practices and residue management manipulate soil bacterial and fungal assembly and co-occurrence network patterns in maize agroecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yupeng Guan ◽  
Cheng Zhai ◽  
Lin Du ◽  
Yanxiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Network Patterns ◽  
Residue Retention

Abstract Background: Tillage practices and residue management are highly important agricultural practices. However, very few studies have examined the influence of tillage practices and residue management on both bacterial and fungal communities and network patterns in consecutive years. Results: We examined the effects of different tillage practices, including no tillage, rotary tillage, and deep tillage, on the soil bacterial and fungal communities and co-occurrence networks following residue removal and residue retention in 2017 and 2018. This study showed that both bacterial and fungal communities were unaffected by tillage practices in 2017, but they were significantly influenced in 2018. In addition, soil fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness was significantly enhanced by deep tillage compared with no tillage in 2018, while bacterial OTU richness was unaffected in either year. Tillage practices had differing effects on the soil microbial network patterns, with rotary and deep tillage increasing the complexity of bacterial networks but simplifying fungal networks. However, residue retention only induced a shift in the fungal community in 2018 without an obvious effect in the bacterial community in both years. In addition, residue retention simplified soil bacterial and fungal networks in 2018. Conclusions: This study highlighted the dissimilar responses of bacterial and fungal networks to tillage practices and emphasized that tillage practice is more important than residue management in shaping soil microbial communities.

scholarly journals Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Arora ◽  
Divya Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are frequently used in agricultural fields to increase crop production. Besides combating insect pests, these insecticides also affect the activity and population of beneficial soil microbial communities. Chemical pesticides upset the activities of soil microbes and thus may affect the nutritional quality of soils. This results in serious ecological consequences. Soil microbes had different response to different pesticides. Soil microbial biomass that plays an important role in the soil ecosystem where they have crucial role in nutrient cycling. It has been reported that field application of glyphosate increased microbial biomass carbon by 17% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 76% in nine soils at 14 days after treatment. The soil microbial biomass C increased significantly upto 30 days in chlorpyrifos as well as cartap hydrochloride treated soil, but thereafter decreased progressively with time. Soil nematodes, earthworms and protozoa are affected by field application rates of the fungicide fenpropimorph and other herbicides. Thus, there is need to assess the effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides on soil microorganisms, affecting microbial activity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N of Keteleeria fortunei var. cyclolepis forests with different ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2377-2384
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Xiongsheng Liu ◽  
Fengfan Chen ◽  
Ronglin Huang ◽  
Xiaojun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Young Forest

Abstract Soil microbial biomass is an important indicator to measure the dynamic changes of soil carbon pool. It is of great significance to understand the dynamics of soil microbial biomass in plantation for rational management and cultivation of plantation. In order to explore the temporal dynamics and influencing factors of soil microbial biomass of Keteleeria fortunei var. cyclolepis at different stand ages, the plantation of different ages (young forest, 5 years; middle-aged forest, 22 years; mature forest, 40 years) at the Guangxi Daguishan forest station of China were studied to examine the seasonal variation of their microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) by chloroform fumigation extraction method. It was found that among the forests of different age, MBC and MBN differed significantly in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and MBN differed significantly in the 10–20 cm soil layer, but there was no significant difference in MBC for the 10–20 cm soil layer or in either MBC or MBN for the 20–40 cm soil layer. With increasing maturity of the forest, MBC gradually decreased in the 0–10 cm soil layer and increased firstly and then decreased in the 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers, and MBN increased firstly and then decreased in all three soil layers. As the soil depth increased, both MBC and MBN gradually decreased for all three forests. The MBC and MBN basically had the same seasonal variation in all three soil layers of all three forests, i.e., high in the summer and low in the winter. Correlation analysis showed that MBC was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and soil moisture, whereas MBN was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen. It showed that soil moisture content was the main factor determining the variation of soil microbial biomass by Redundancy analysis. The results showed that the soil properties changed continuously as the young forest grew into the middle-aged forest, which increased soil microbial biomass and enriched the soil nutrients. However, the soil microbial biomass declined as the middle-age forest continued to grow, and the soil nutrients were reduced in the mature forest.

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