scholarly journals The underlying mechanism of partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries to the meniscus of knee joint in rabbit models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalin Wang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mingcheng Li ◽  
Songbao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Abstract Background The diagnosis, treatment and efficacy evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remains controversial. This research aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of partial ACL injuries to the meniscus degeneration in rabbit knee. Methods Sixty New Zealand, white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: the anteromedial bundle (AMB) splitting, the posterolateral bundle (PLB) splitting and a control group. Finally, eight rabbits were sampled randomly on the second, fourth and eighth weeks respectively. We observed the typical form of the meniscus through HE staining. Expressions of inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-17 in the knee joint fluid were determined by means of an ELISA. Analysis of the mRNA expressions of MMP-13 was performed to evaluate the inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the meniscus. Results HE staining results showed that the surface was rough and the tissues were loose displaying collagen fibers of varying thickness. Both IL-1β and IL-17 in the synovial fluid, and the positive rate of MMP-13 in addition to MMP-13 mRNA showed a demonstrable increase treads from the 2nd to the 8th week. The significant difference was found ( P <0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion Our findings illustrated that the elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-17, along with increased MMP13 expression, resulting in meniscus degradation in the rabbit knee joint model with partial ACL injury. When the partial ACL injury on the different bundles occurred, the reconstruction of the reserved AMB or PLB must be operated on time due to uncertainty of conservative treatment.

scholarly journals The underlying mechanism of partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries to the meniscus degeneration of knee joint in rabbit models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalin Wang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mingcheng Li ◽  
Songbao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Meniscus Degeneration ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: The diagnosis, treatment and efficacy evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partial rupture remains controversial. This research aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of partial ACL injuries to the meniscus degeneration in the rabbit knee.Methods: Sixty New Zealand, white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups including an experimental group, a sham group (n=6) and and a blank control group (n=6). The experimental group is composed of an anteromedial bundle (AMB) rupture group (n=24), a posterolateral bundle (PLB) rupture group (n=24). Rabbits in the experimental group were subjected to right hind limbs knee surgery to induce ACL part injury under the arthroscopy. Finally, eight rabbits including 6 in the model group and 2 in the control group were sampled randomly on the second, fourth and eighth weeks respectively. We observed the typical form of the meniscus through HE staining. Expressions of inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-17 in the knee joint fluid were determined by means of an ELISA. Analysis of the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-13(MMP-13) was performed to evaluate the inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the meniscus.Results: HE staining results showed that the surface was rough and the tissues were loose displaying collagen fibers of varying thickness. Both IL-1β and IL-17 in the synovial fluid, and the positive rate of MMP-13 in addition to MMP-13 mRNA showed a demonstrable increase treads from the 2nd to the 8th week. The significant difference was found (P<0.05) compared to the control group.Conclusion: We conclude that the elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-17, along with increased MMP13 expression, resulted in meniscus degradation in the rabbit knee joint model with partial ACL injury.

scholarly journals The underlying mechanism of partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries to the meniscus degeneration of knee joint in rabbit models

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalin Wang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mingcheng Li ◽  
Songbao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Meniscus Degeneration ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background The diagnosis, treatment, and efficacy evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partial rupture remains controversial. This research aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of partial ACL injuries to the meniscus degeneration in the rabbit knee. Methods Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups including an experimental group, a sham group (n = 6), and a blank control group (n = 6). The experimental group is composed of an anteromedial bundle (AMB) rupture group (n = 24) and a posterolateral bundle (PLB) rupture group (n = 24). Rabbits in the experimental group were subjected to right hind limbs knee surgery to induce ACL part injury under the arthroscopy. Finally, eight rabbits including 6 in the model group and 2 in the control group were sampled randomly on the 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks respectively. We observed the typical form of the meniscus through HE staining. Expressions of inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-17 in the knee joint fluid were determined by means of an ELISA. Analysis of the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-13(MMP-13) was performed to evaluate the inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the meniscus. Results HE staining results showed that the surface was rough and the tissues were loose displaying collagen fibers of varying thickness. Both IL-1β and IL-17 in the synovial fluid and the positive rate of MMP-13 in addition to MMP-13 mRNA showed a demonstrable increase treads from the 2nd to the 8th week. The significant difference was found (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion We conclude that the elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-17, along with increased MMP13 expression, resulted in meniscus degradation in the rabbit knee joint model with partial ACL injury.

scholarly journals The underlying mechanism of partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries to the meniscus degeneration of knee joint in rabbit models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalin Wang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mingcheng Li ◽  
Songbao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rabbit Knee ◽  
Meniscus Degeneration ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: The diagnosis, treatment and efficacy evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partial rupture remains controversial. This research aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of partial ACL injuries to the meniscus degeneration in the rabbit knee. Methods: Sixty New Zealand, white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups including an experimental group, a sham group (n=6) and and a blank control group (n=6). The experimental group is composed of an anteromedial bundle (AMB) rupture group (n=24), a posterolateral bundle (PLB) rupture group (n=24). Rabbits in the experimental group were subjected to right hind limbs knee surgery to induce ACL part injury under the arthroscopy. Finally, eight rabbits including 6 in the model group and 2 in the control group were sampled randomly on the second, fourth and eighth weeks respectively. We observed the typical form of the meniscus through HE staining. Expressions of inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-17 in the knee joint fluid were determined by means of an ELISA. Analysis of the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-13(MMP-13) was performed to evaluate the inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the meniscus. Results: HE staining results showed that the surface was rough and the tissues were loose displaying collagen fibers of varying thickness. Both IL-1β and IL-17 in the synovial fluid, and the positive rate of MMP-13 in addition to MMP-13 mRNA showed a demonstrable increase treads from the 2nd to the 8th week. The significant difference was found (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that the elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-17, along with increased MMP13 expression, resulted in meniscus degradation in the rabbit knee joint model with partial ACL injury.

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0025
Author(s):  
Tomas Vilaseca ◽  
Jorge Chahla ◽  
Gustavo Gomez Rodriguez ◽  
Damián Arroquy ◽  
Gonzalo Perez Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Knee Pathology

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze whether it is more frequent the presence of a decreased range of motion in the hips of recreational athletes with primary injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) than in a control group of volunteers without knee pathology. Methods: We included prospectively recreational athletes between 18 and 40 years with an acute ACL injury between January 2011 and January 2013. They were compared with a control group of volunteers recreational athletes without lower limb pathology and in the same range of age. The internal and external rotations passively prior to the point at which the pelvis movement contributes were observed. The results were statistically analyzed using t test for related samples to the hips of patients with ACL injury and t test for independent variables for comparison with the control group. Results: 48 patients with ACL injury and 53 healthy volunteers were evaluated. The ACL group was composed of 32 males and 16 females with an average age of 29.3 years. In the control group 26 males and 27 females were studied with a mean age of 26.6 years. Internal (IR) and external (ER) rotation in the LCA group was 22,9º and 55,5º respectively in the ipsilateral hip and 27,9º and 57,7º in the contralateral. In the control group a 35,9º of IR and 55,2º of ER was observed. The analysis showed an association between ACL injury and hypomotility of the hip further expense of a decrease in internal rotation. The analysis showed an association between ACL injury and hypomotility of the hip at the expense to a greater decrease in internal rotation. Conclusion: We found a statistically significant difference in the mobility of the hips in patients with ACL injury predominantly due to internal rotation, pattern that allows us to interpret this injury not only as an intrinsic etiology of the knee but also of the adjacent joints. We consider very importance to incorporate prevention activities and screening of risk factors regarding to at least high performance athletes.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Playing Surface On Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury In NCAA Soccer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0012
Author(s):  
Mark Howard ◽  
Hyunwoo Paco Kang ◽  
Samantha Solaru ◽  
Alexander E. Weber ◽  
Mark F. Rick C
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objectives: Previous orthopaedic literature has examined the effect of synthetic playing surfaces on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in athletes and produced varying and inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to examine the role of playing surface on the incidence and risk of ACL injury in collegiate soccer athletes. Methods: The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) database was queried for ACL injuries for male and female soccer players from the 2004-05 through the 2013-14 seasons at all levels of competition. The number of athlete exposures (AEs), defined as 1 athlete participating in 1 practice or competition in which they were exposed to the possibility of athletic injury, were recorded for grass and synthetic playing surfaces. Both the reported injuries and exposures provided were weighted in order to represent the entire NCAA collegiate soccer population. Normalized ACL incidence rates were calculated as well as 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Rate ratios comparing competition type amongst both competition and practice were calculated. Results: ACL injuries were more common on grass surfaces (1.16 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 1.12-1.20) than artificial turf (0.92 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 0.84-1.04). This difference was statistically significant (IRR 1.26, p<0.0001), and driven primarily by the difference in injury incidence during practice. The injury incidence during practice on natural grass (1.18 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 1.11-1.26) was significantly greater than the injury incidence rate during practice on artificial turf (0.067 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 0.043-0.096). Players were 17.7 times more likely (95%CI 10.6678-27.2187, p<0.0001) to sustain an ACL injury during practice on natural grass when compared to practice on artificial turf. However, there was no significant difference in injury incidence during matches (IRR 0.96, p=0.44), with matches on natural grass (3.35 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 3.21-3.51) equivalent to matches on artificial surfaces (3.49 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 3.18-3.81). When comparing exposure type, the injury rate was significantly greater during matches (3.38 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 3.25-3.52) compared to practices (0.82 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 0.77-0.88), with a 4.10-fold increase in ACL injury incidence during matches compared to practice (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Between 2004 and 2014, NCAA soccer players experienced a greater number of ACL injuries on natural grass playing surfaces compared with artificial turf playing surfaces. This difference is driven by injuries during practice, where athletes were nearly 18 times more likely to suffer an ACL injury on grass versus artificial turf. While ACL injuries were more likely during matches compared to practices, no difference in incidence was noted between playing surfaces. Additional study is warranted investigating potential causes for this observed increased risk with soccer practice on grass fields.

scholarly journals Tendency of Driving to the Basket Is Associated With Increased Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in National Basketball Association Players: A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712110529
Author(s):  
Blake J. Schultz ◽  
Kevin A. Thomas ◽  
Mark Cinque ◽  
Joshua D. Harris ◽  
William J. Maloney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Level Performance

Background: Driving to the basket in basketball involves acceleration, deceleration, and lateral movements, which may expose players to increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. It is unknown whether players who heavily rely on driving have decreased performance on returning to play after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Hypothesis: Players with a greater tendency to drive to the basket would be more likely to tear their ACL versus noninjured controls and would experience decreased performance when returning to play after ACLR. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Season-level performance statistics and ACL injuries were aggregated for National Basketball Association (NBA) seasons between 1980 and 2017 from publicly available sources. Players’ tendency to drive was calculated using 49 common season-level performance metrics. Each ACL-injured player was matched with 2 noninjured control players by age, league experience, and style of play metrics. Points, playing minutes, driving, and 3-point shooting tendencies were compared between players with ACL injuries and matched controls. Independent-samples t test was utilized for comparisons. Results: Of 86 players with a total of 96 ACL tears identified in the NBA, 50 players were included in the final analysis. Players who experienced an ACL tear had a higher career-average drive tendency than controls ( P = .047). Players with career-average drive tendency ≥1 standard deviation above the mean were more likely to tear their ACL than players with drive tendency <1 standard deviation (5.2% vs 2.7%; P = .026). There was no significant difference in total postinjury career points ( P = .164) or career minutes ( P = .237) between cases and controls. There was also no significant change in drive tendency ( P = .152) or 3-point shooting tendency ( P = .508) after return to sport compared with controls. Conclusion: NBA players with increased drive tendency were more likely to tear their ACL. However, players who were able to return after ACLR did not underperform compared with controls and did not alter their style of play compared with the normal changes seen with age. This information can be used to target players with certain playing styles for ACL injury prevention programs.

scholarly journals Additional Anterior Cruciate Ligament MRI Examination Protocols: a Standard of Diagnosis or a Whim of Researchers? (Review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
O.O. Kostrub ◽  
V.V. Kotiuk ◽  
V.A. Podik ◽  
V.B. Mazevych ◽  
R.A. Tretiakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Mri Examination ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Summary. Standard MRI protocols of the knee joint in case of suspected anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury involve tomography in three mutually perpendicular planes – coronal, sagittal, and axial. Modern methods of treatment (especially refixation of the ACL and reconstruction of separate ACL bundles) and rehabilitation require more accurate diagnosis not only of the fact of injury, but also its clear location, degree and term. It is especially difficult to assess the nature and extent of ACL damage in the acute period and in cases of partial injury. Therefore, we propose to introduce into the standard of ACL MRI examination the additional use of oblique sagittal and oblique coronal sequences (images) oriented at an angle of ACL fibers with reduced to 0-2 mm interslice interval to improve the diagnosis of ACL injury. To reduce the duration of the study, it is possible to limit yourself to a small number of slices (images) in additional projections only in the area of the ACL.

scholarly journals Endurance running during late murine adolescence results in a stronger anterior cruciate ligament and flatter posterior tibial slopes compared to controls

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N. Ochocki ◽  
Benjamin E. Loflin ◽  
Taeyong Ahn ◽  
Kaitlyn A. Colglazier ◽  
Andrew R. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Abstract Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates continue to rise among youth involved in recreational and competitive athletics, requiring a better understanding of how the knee structurally and mechanically responds to activity during musculoskeletal growth. Little is understood about how anatomical risk factors for ACL injury (e.g., small ACL size, narrow intercondylar notch, and steep posterior tibial slope) develop and respond to increased physical activity throughout growth. We hypothesized that the ACL-complex of mice engaged in moderate to strenuous physical activity (i.e., endurance running) throughout late adolescence and young adulthood would positively functionally adapt to repetitive load perturbations. Methods Female C57BL6/J mice (8 weeks of age) were either provided free access to a standard cage wheel with added resistance (n = 18) or normal cage activity (n = 18), for a duration of 4 weeks. Daily distance ran, weekly body and food weights, and pre- and post-study body composition measures were recorded. At study completion, muscle weights, three-dimensional knee morphology, ACL cross-sectional area, and ACL mechanical properties of runners and nonrunners were quantified. Statistical comparisons between runners and nonrunners were assessed using a two-way analysis of variance and a Tukey multiple comparisons test, with body weight included as a covariate. Results Runners had larger quadriceps (p = 0.02) and gastrocnemius (p = 0.05) muscles, but smaller hamstring (p = 0.05) muscles, compared to nonrunners. Though there was no significant difference in ACL size (p = 0.24), it was 13% stronger in runners (p = 0.03). Additionally, both the posterior medial and lateral tibial slopes were 1.2 to 2.2 degrees flatter than those of nonrunners (p < 0.01). Conclusions Positive functional adaptations of the knee joint to moderate to strenuous exercise in inbred mice offers hope that that some anatomical risk factors for ACL injury may be reduced through habitual physical activity. However, confirmation that a similar response to loading occurs in humans is needed.

scholarly journals Insall–Salvati index is associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears in men: A Case-controlled study

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949902110696
Author(s):  
Necip GÜVEN ◽  
Sezai ÖZKAN ◽  
Tulin TURKOZU ◽  
Adem YOKUS ◽  
Cihan ADANAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anterior Tibial Translation ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tibial Translation

Purpose Many factors in the etiology of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, predisposing factors related to knee morphology have also been reported. This study aimed to determine whether the Insall–Salvati (IS) index, which measures patella height, is a predisposing risk factor for ACL tears. Methods The IS index, patellar length (PL), and patellar tendon length (PTL) values of patients (study group) that underwent arthroscopic reconstruction for ACL tears obtained by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared with the index values in the preoperative MRIs of patients that underwent knee arthroscopy for reasons besides ACL tears. In addition, the anterior tibial translation (ATT) of both groups was also measured and compared on MRI images. The MRI findings of the subjects included in both study groups were arthroscopically confirmed. Results The mean ages of the study group (n = 120) and control group (n = 90) were 29.1 ± 8.2 years and 31.8 ± 9.8 years, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of the PL and PTL values ( p = 0.016 and p = 0.001, respectively). The IS index was statistically significantly higher in the study group with ACL tears ( p = 0.009). The ATT was 8.61 ± 4.68 mm in the study group and 3.80 ± 1.92 mm in the control group. The ATT results of both groups were evaluated, and it was found that the study group was significantly higher than the control group ( p = 0.001) Conclusions As a result of our current study, we observed higher IS index values in patients with ACL tears than in patients without ACL tears. It should be kept in mind that patella alta, which is associated with a high IS index as one of the factors of knee morphology associated with ACL tears, may play a role in the etiology of ACL tears.

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